Soyuz-2
Soyuz2 is a Russian expendable medium-lift launch vehicle and the seventh major iteration of the Soyuz rocket family. Compared to its predecessors, Soyuz-2 features significant upgrades, including improved engines and a digital flight control system that enables launches from fixed platforms and supports larger payload fairings.
Developed by the Progress Rocket Space Centre in Samara, Soyuz-2 is used to place payloads into low Earth orbit in standard configuration but can also support missions to higher orbits using an additional upper stage, most commonly the Fregat, though the smaller Volga is available as a less expensive option. Since its introduction in 2004, Soyuz-2 has gradually replaced earlier Soyuz variants and is launched from the facilities of its R-7 derived predecessors: Site 31/6 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan and Sites 43/3 and 43/4 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in northwestern Russia, and, since 2016, Site 1S at the Vostochny Cosmodrome in eastern Russia.
The Soyuz2 family includes several variants. The base model, Soyuz2.1a, debuted on 8 November 2004, followed by the Soyuz2.1b, with a 15 percent more powerful third stage, on 27 December 2006. A derivative version, SoyuzST, was introduced in 2011 with modifications for operation at the Guiana Space Centre, the European Space Agency's launch site in French Guiana. Launches from this site were suspended in 2022 following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
History
The Soyuz-2 project was launched by RKTs Progress with support from the Russian government in the early 1990s as the "Rus" program. In the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the program aimed to consolidate the launch vehicle's subcontractor network within the Russian Federation and transition to fully domestic production. The project evolved into Soyuz-2, introducing technical upgrades to replace the aging Soyuz-U and Molniya-M. These earlier models relied on an analog guidance, navigation, and control systems developed in the 1960s by a Ukrainian firm, the Polisvit Special Design Bureau. The modernization effort also included engine upgrades, allowing for improved performance through newer, more powerful designs.The Soyuz-2 upgrades included a fully digital flight control system, modernized RD-107A and RD-108A engines with an improved injection system for the boosters and core stage, and a new RD-0124 third-stage engine engine using oxygen-rich staged combustion. These enhancements aimed to increase payload capacity by approximately.
Development of the digital control system began in 1993 at NPO Avtomatiki in Yekaterinburg.The new system featured three redundant processing units and dual gyroscopes, significantly improving reliability. According to NPO Avtomatiki's deputy director, participation in the Soyuz-2 program helped save the company.
However, progress slowed during the financial crisis facing the Russian space industry in the late 1990s and early 2000s. As a result, the upgrade plan was divided into phases. The RD-107A and RD-108A engines were introduced early as part of the Soyuz-FG, a transitional design based on the Soyuz-U. The majority of design changes were incorporated into the Soyuz-2.1a, while development of the RD-0124 was delayed and eventually implemented on the Soyuz-2.1b.
Soyuz-2.1a conducted its first suborbital test from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome on 8 November 2004. It made its first operational flight in October 2006, successfully launching the MetOp-A satellite for ESA and EUMETSAT. The Soyuz-2.1b, equipped with the new third-stage, debuted on 27 December 2006. Over time, the Soyuz-2 family replaced its predecessors: Molniya-M in 2010, Soyuz-U in 2017, and Soyuz-FG in 2019.
Variants
Soyuz 2.1a
The key advancement of the Soyuz2.1a is its digital flight control system, replacing the analog unit used in previous Soyuz models. The digital system supports enabled mid-flight trajectory adjustments, eliminating the need for rotating launch pads. The system also allows the use of larger payload fairings, enabling the launch of heavier commercial satellites that the analog system could not handle due to the aerodynamic instability the fairings generate.The rocket uses upgraded RD-107A and RD-108A engines, developed for Soyuz-2 but first flown on Soyuz-FG, as their development outpaced the rocket's other upgrades. These engines feature over 1,000 single-component injectors, replacing the older 260 dual-component centrifugal injectors in the earlier RD-107/RD-108, resulting in more efficient combustion and approximately a increase in specific impulse, a two percent improvement. Additionally, a chemical ignition system replaced the previous method that relied on placing wooden sticks with a pair of pyrotechnic charges in each combustion chamber.
The third stage retained the RD-0110 engine, which has flown on most Soyuz variants dating back to the 1960s, but adopted a revised tank structure, shared with Soyuz-2.1b, with slightly enlarged propellant tanks. When combined with the physically lighter and more capable digital flight control system, these changes raised the payload capacity by about.
The Soyuz2.1a conducted its maiden flight on 8 November 2004, launching from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 with a boilerplate payload simulating a Zenit-8 spy satellite.
Soyuz 2.1b
The Soyuz2.1b retains all upgrades of the 2.1a and introduces a new third stage powered by the RD-0124 engine. Utilizing oxygen-rich staged combustion, the engine increases specific impulse from. Although maximum thrust was slightly reduced from, the burn time was extended by 20 seconds using the same fuel load, resulting in improved overall performance.This new third stage significantly improved payload capacity. For example, payload capacity to low Earth orbit from the Baikonur Cosmodrome increased from approximately to, when compared to the 2.1a.
The first launch of a Soyuz2.1b occurred from Plesetsk Cosmodrome Site 43 on 26 July 2008 with a classified military payload.
Vostochny modifications
The Soyuz-2 family received specific modifications for operation from the Vostochny Cosmodrome, aimed at improving reliability, compatibility with ground infrastructure, and safety:- Enhanced Durability: The rocket was modified to remain fueled on the launch pad for up to 100 hours and withstand transport over distances of up to from the manufacturing site in Samara to the Russian Far East.
- Adaptation for Vertical Integration: Structural and piping modifications enable vertical payload integration and safely vent excess propellant outside the Mobile Service Tower, minimizing oxygen vapor buildup inside the gantry.
- Upgraded Computer: Offers six times the performance, reduced weight, and simplified wiring through multiplexing and shared data buses.
- Improved Batteries: New nickel-cadmium batteries eliminate the need for a dedicated charging station.
Notable missions
Suborbital test flight
On 8 November 2004, at 18:30 UTC, the first Soyuz2 rocket, in the Soyuz2.1a configuration, was launched from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome in Russia. The rocket followed a suborbital trajectory, with the third stage and Boilerplate landing in the Pacific Ocean.Maiden launch
The first attempt at launching a Soyuz2 to orbit with the MetOp-A satellite occurred on 17 July 2006. It was scrubbed two hours before the launch by an automatic sequence after the onboard computer failed to check the launch azimuth. Fuelling of the rocket was underway at the time, and all launch complex equipment and onboard preliminary checks had proceeded without incident. The rocket was left fuelled on the launch pad for the next attempt on 18 July 2006. Launch was eventually conducted on 19 October 2006.First crewed mission
The first crewed launch of Soyuz2 took place on 9 April 2020, carrying Soyuz MS-16 to the ISS.''Naphthyl'' fuel
Following successful ground testing, a naphthyl fueled Soyuz2.1b launch took place on 22 October 2022 at Vostochny. Naphthyl is an environmentally safe hydrocarbon fuel with fewer aromatic compounds than kerosene, which also slightly improves engine performance. There are only minor differences in thermal properties, viscosity, and surface tension, so this did not require significant engine changes.Launch statistics
Since 2006, Soyuz2 rockets have accumulated a total of 159 launches, 154 of which were successful, yielding a success rate.For Soyuz flights for ESA/Ariannespace from French Guiana see Soyuz-ST.
Launch outcomes
Launch sites
List of launches
| Launch date Time | Configuration | Spaceport | Result | Payload | Mission type | Remarks |
18:30 | Soyuz2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Zenit-8 | Suborbital flight test | ||
16:28 | Soyuz2.1a / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31 | MetOp-A | Weather satellite | ||
08:34 | Soyuz2.1a / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Meridian 1 | Military communications satellite | ||
14:28 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31 | CoRoT | Astronomy satellite | ||
18:31 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2441 | Reconnaissance satellite | Launch was successful, but the satellite failed after a few months of operations due to an electrical fault. | |
21:53 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Meridian 2 | Military communications satellite | Bulging of third-stage combustion chamber led to fuel leak and automatic deactivation; satellite in unusable orbit after failed correction attempt. | |
15:55 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31 | Meteor-M No.1 | Weather satellite + 6 piggyback satellites | ||
17:11 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31 | Globalstar-2 F1 | Communications satellite | ||
00:59 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Meridian 3 | Military communications satellite | ||
03:07 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2471 | Navigation satellite | ||
17:41 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Meridian 4 | Military communications satellite | ||
02:27 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31 | Globalstar-2 F2 | Communications satellite | ||
20:15 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2474 | Navigation satellite | ||
08:25 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2478 | Navigation satellite | ||
12:08 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Meridian 5 | Military communications satellite | Third-stage engine shut down early and exploded, sending the rocket off course; satellite not deployed. | |
17:09 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31 | Globalstar-2 F3 | Communications satellite | ||
16:28 | Soyuz2.1a / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31 | MetOp-B | Weather satellite | ||
11:42 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Meridian 6 | Military communications satellite | ||
16:04:24 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31 | Globalstar-2 F4 | Communications satellite | ||
10:00:00 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Bion-M No.1 | Biological science satellite + 5 piggyback satellites | ||
05:23:46 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2485 | Navigation satellite | ||
18:37:59 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2486 | Reconnaissance satellite | ||
17:28:48 | Soyuz2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31 | Resurs-P No.1 | Earth observation satellite | ||
22:54:03 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2494 | Navigation satellite | ||
13:49:35 | Soyuz2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2495 | Reconnaissance satellite | ||
17:16:48 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2500 | Navigation satellite | ||
15:58:28 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31 | Meteor-M No.2 | Weather satellite + 6 piggyback satellites | ||
20:50:00 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Foton-M No.4 | Microgravity and biology research satellite | ||
07:09:43 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress M-25M | ISS cargo spacecraft. This was the first time Soyuz 2.1a rocket was used for an ISS mission launch. | ||
01:42:52 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Meridian 7 | Military communications satellite | ||
21:52:26 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2501 | Navigation satellite | ||
03:01:13 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2502 | ELINT | ||
18:55:50 | Soyuz2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31 | Resurs-P No.2 | Earth observation satellite | ||
11:01:35 | Soyuz2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2503 | Reconnaissance | ||
07:09:50 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress M-27M | ISS logistics | The spacecraft lost attitude control and communications after launch vibrations caused damage. ISS docking was canceled, and the mission was declared a total loss. | |
| 15:23:54 | Soyuz2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2505 | Reconnaissance | ||
16:44:00 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2506 | Reconnaissance | ||
06:33:41 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2510 | Missile early warning | ||
08:44:39 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress MS-01 | ISS logistics | ||
00:21:07 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2514 | Navigation | ||
18:56:00 | Soyuz2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31 | Resurs-P No.3 | Earth observation | ||
09:42 | Soyuz2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2515 | Reconnaissance | ||
16:23:57 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress MS-02 | ISS logistics | ||
02:01:21 | Soyuz2.1a / Volga | Vostochny, Site 1S | Gamma-ray astronomy Technology demonstrations | |||
08:44:37 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2516 | Navigation | The third stage shut down early, but Fregat compensated with a longer burn, placing the satellite in the correct orbit. | |
06:33 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | EKS-2 | Missile early warning | ||
09:20 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress MS-06 | ISS logistics | ||
06:36:49 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31 | Kanopus-V-IK Many cubesats | Earth observation Heliophysics | At least 9 of 72 CubeSats failed, due to a Fregat-M upper stage failure. | |
00:02:32 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2522 | Navigation | ||
| 08:46:53 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress MS-07 | ISS logistics | ||
05:41:46 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Meteor-M No.2-1 Ionosfera Baumanets Several cubesats | Weather Ionospheric research | Orbital insertion burn fired while the upper stage was oriented in the wrong direction, causing it to re-enter the atmosphere. Roscosmos found 20 years earlier Baikonur coordinates had been mistakenly hardcoded into a Fregat subroutine, and the error only surfaced due to the launch from Vostochny. Critics say the explanation avoids assigning personal blame. | |
10:43:26 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2524 | ELINT | ||
02:07:18 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Kanopus-V No.3, No.4 Lemur-2 74, 75, 76, 77 S-Net 1, 2, 3, 4 D-Star One v.1.1 | Earth observation Technology demonstrations | ||
08:13:33 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress MS-08 | ISS logistics | ||
21:30 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2527 | Navigation | ||
21:51 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress MS-09 | ISS logistics | ||
00:15 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2528 | ELINT | ||
20:17 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2529 | Navigation | ||
02:07 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Kanopus-V No.5 and Kanopus-V No.6 Dove Flock-w×12 | Earth observation satellites. | ||
19:47 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31 | EgyptSat A | Earth observation | ||
11:01 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress MS-11 | ISS logistics | ||
09:23 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | GLONASS-M 758 | Navigation. | Lightning struck the rocket 14 seconds after launch without affecting its performance. | |
05:41 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Meteor-M No.2-2 Microsputnik | Weather | ||
05:56 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Meridian 8 | Communications | ||
12:10 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Progress MS-12 | ISS logistics | ||
03:38 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31 | Soyuz MS-14 | ISS crew transport | ||
07:46 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | Kosmos 2541 | Military reconnaissance | ||
| 09:34 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-13 / 74P | ISS logistics | ||
| Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | GLONASS-M 759 | Navigation | |||
| 21:42:41 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | OneWeb-2 | Communications | ||
| 08:24:54 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Meridian M-9 | Military comsat | ||
| 18:28:00 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | GLONASS-M No.760 | Navigation | ||
17:06:58 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | OneWeb-3 | Communications | ||
08:05:06 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-16 | ISS crew transport | ||
01:51:41 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-14 | ISS logistics | ||
06:45 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43 | EKS-4 | Early warning | ||
14:26:22 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-15 | ISS logistics | ||
11:20:00 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Gonets-M GEN-1 , Lemur-2 , MeznSat, SALSAT, NetSat-1 to 4, ICEYE-X6 and X7, LacunaSat-3, Yarilo-1 and 2, Norbi and Dekart | Communications | ||
05:45:04 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-17 | ISS crew transport | ||
19:08:42 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2547 | Navigation | ||
01:14 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Gonets-M 20/21/22 ERA-1 | Communication Technology – Russian Ministry of Defense | ||
12:26:26 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | OneWeb-4 | Communications | ||
20:45:28 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2549 | ELINT | ||
04:45:05 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-16 | ISS logistics | ||
06:55:01 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Arktika-M No.1 | Weather satellite | ||
06:07:12 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | CAS500-1 A cluster of secondary commercial payloads. | Earth observation | ||
02:47:33 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | OneWeb-5 | Communications | ||
07:42:40 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-18 | ISS crew transport | ||
22:14:08 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | OneWeb-6 | Communications | ||
17:38:39 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | OneWeb-7 | Communications | ||
19:50:00 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2550 | SIGINT | ||
23:27:20 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-17 | ISS logistics | ||
12:48:33 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | OneWeb-8 | Communications | ||
22:13:40 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | OneWeb-9 | Communications | ||
18:07:19 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | OneWeb-10 | Communications | ||
08:55:02 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-19 | ISS crew transport | ||
09:40:10 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Vostochny, Site 1S | OneWeb | Communications | ||
00:00:32 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-18 | ISS logistics | ||
13:06:35 | Soyuz2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Prichal | ISS assembly | ||
01:09:13 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2552 | Early warning | ||
07:38:15 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-20 | ISS crew transport and space tourism | ||
13:10:37 | Soyuz2.1b / Fregat | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | OneWeb | Communications | ||
07:00:00 | Soyuz2.1a / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2553 | Military | ||
04:25:39 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-19 | ISS logistics | ||
15:55:18 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-21 | ISS crew transport | ||
12:48:22 | Soyuz2.1a / Fregat | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Meridian-M 10 | Military communications | ||
11:20:18 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Kosmos 2554 | ELINT | ||
08:03:32 | Soyuz2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2556 | Reconnaissance | ||
09:32:16 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-20 | ISS logistics | ||
09:18:06 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2557 | Navigation | ||
05:52:38 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Khayyam 16 rideshare cubesats | Earth observation | ||
13:54:49 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-22 | ISS crew transport | ||
02:52:32 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Kosmos 2559 | Navigation | ||
19:57:09 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Gonets-M 23/24/25, Skif-D | Communications | ||
00:20:09 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur Site 31/6 | Progress MS-21 | ISS logistics | ||
06:47:48 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2563 | Early warning | ||
15:13:50 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Kosmos 2564 | Navigation | ||
21:10:25 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2565 Kosmos 2566 | ELINT | ||
06:15:36 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-22 | ISS logistics | ||
00:24:29 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-23 | ISS crew transport | ||
06:40:11 | Soyuz2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Kosmos 2567 | Reconnaissance | ||
| 24 May 2023 12:56:07 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-23 | ISS logistics | ||
| 26 May 2023 21:14:51 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Kondor-FKA No.1 | Reconnaissance | ||
| 27 June 2023 11:34:49 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Meteor-M No.2-3 42 rideshare satellites | Weather Various uses | ||
| 7 August 2023 13:19:25 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Kosmos 2569 | Navigation | ||
| 10 August 2023 23:10:57 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Luna 25 | Lunar exploration | ||
| 23 August 2023 01:08:10 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-24 | ISS logistics | ||
| 15 September 2023 15:44:35 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-24 | ISS crew transport | ||
| 27 October 2023 06:04:43 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Kosmos 2570 Kosmos 2571 | ELINT | ||
| 25 November 2023 20:58:06 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2572 | Reconnaissance | ||
| 1 December 2023 09:25:11 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-25 | ISS logistics | ||
| 16 December 2023 09:17:48 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Arktika-M No.2 | Meteorology | ||
| 21 December 2023 08:48:39 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2573 | Reconnaissance | ||
| 15 February 2024 03:25:05 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-26 | ISS logistics | ||
| 29 February 2024 05:43:26 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Meteor-M No.2-4 18 rideshare satellites | Weather Various uses | ||
| 23 March 2024 12:36:10 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-25 | ISS crew transport | ||
| 31 March 2024 09:36:45 | Soyuz2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Resurs-P No.4 | Earth observation | ||
| 16 May 2024 21:21:29 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2576 9 rideshare satellites | Reconnaissance Various uses | ||
| 30 May 2024 09:42:59 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-27 | ISS logistics | ||
| 15 August 2024 03:20:18 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-28 | ISS logistics | ||
| 11 September 2024 16:23:12 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-26 | ISS crew transport | ||
| 31 October 2024 07:51:31 | Soyuz2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2579 | Reconnaissance | ||
| 4 November 2024 23:18:40 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Ionosfera-M No.1 Ionosfera-M No.2 53 rideshare satellites | Ionospheric research Various uses | ||
| 21 November 2024 12:22:23 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-29 | ISS logistics | ||
| 29 November 2024 21:50:25 | Soyuz2.1a / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Kondor-FKA No.2 | Reconnaissance | ||
| 4 December 2024 18:03:13 | Soyuz2.1b | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2580 | ELINT | ||
| 25 December 2024 07:45:42 | Soyuz2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Resurs-P No.5 | Earth observation | 2,000th R-7 family rocket launched. | |
| 27 February 2025 21:24:27 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-30 | ISS logistics | ||
| 2 March 2025 22:22:16 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Kosmos 2584 | Navigation | ||
| 8 April 2025 05:47:15 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-27 | ISS crew transport | ||
| 23 May 2025 08:36 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Kosmos 2588 | ? | ||
| 3 July 2025 19:32:40 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-31 | ISS logistics | ||
| 25 July 2025 05:54:04 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Ionosfera-M No.3 Ionosfera-M No.4 18 rideshare satellites | Ionospheric research Various uses | ||
| 20 August 2025 17:13:10 | Soyuz2.1b | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Bion-M No.2 | Biological science | ||
| 11 September 2025 15:54:06 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Progress MS-32 | ISS logistics | ||
| 13 September 2025 02:10:00 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Plesetsk, Site 43/3 | Kosmos 2595 Kosmos 2596 | Navigation & Small experimental satellite | ||
| 27 November 2025 09:27:57 | Soyuz2.1a | Baikonur, Site 31/6 | Soyuz MS-28 | ISS crew transport | pad structure damaged during launch | |
| 25 December 2025 14:11 | Soyuz2.1a | Plesetsk, Site 43/4 | Obzor-R No.1 | Earth observation | ||
| 28 December 2025 13:18:05 | Soyuz2.1b / FregatM | Vostochny, Site 1S | Aist-2T No.1 Aist-2T No.2 50 rideshares | Earth observation Various uses |