Sons of Odin

Thor, Baldr, Víðarr and Váli

Other gods called sons of Odin by Snorri Sturluson

1. For Heimdall, there is no variant account of his father.
2. The same may not be true for Bragi if Bragi is taken to be the skaldic poet Bragi Boddason made into a god.
3. But Týr, according to the Eddic poem Hymiskviða, was son of the giant Hymir rather than a son of Odin.
4. As to Höðr, outside of the single statement in the kennings, Snorri makes no mention that Höðr is Baldr's brother or Odin's son, though one might expect that to be emphasized. In Saxo's version of the death of Baldr, Höðr, whom Saxo calls Høtherus, is a mortal and in no way related to Saxo's demi-god Balderus.
5. Hermóðr appears in Snorri's Gylfaginning as the messenger sent by Odin to Hel to seek to bargain for Baldr's release. He is called "son" of Odin in most manuscripts, but in the Codex Regius version—the Codex Regius is normally considered the best manuscript—Hermóðr is called sveinn Óðins, 'Odin's boy', which might mean Odin's son but in the context is as likely to mean Odin's servant. However, when Hermóðr arrives in Hel's hall, he calls Baldr his brother. To confuse matters, other texts know of a mortal hero named Hermóðr or Heremod.

   An alternative list of Odin's sons

Odin's sons are Baldr and Meili, Vidar and Nep, Vali, Ali, Thor and Hildolf, Hermod, Sigi, Skiold, Yngvi-Freyr and Itreksiod, Heimdall, Sæming.

• the 4 gods who are most widely attested as sons of Odin ;
• 2 other gods mentioned as sons of Odin in kennings in Skáldskaparmál ;
• 4 men who are the origin of Scandinavian royal dynasties. All appear in Snorri's pseudo-historical Prologue to the Prose Edda as sons of Odin and founders of these various lineages, perhaps all thought to be sons of Odin begotten on mortal women;
• 5 other figures :
• *Meili is mentioned in the eddic poem Hárbarðsljóð, where Thor calls himself Odin's son, Meili's brother, and Magni's father.
• *In Gylfaginning, Nepr is the father of Baldur's wife Nanna. If this list is correct in giving Odin a son named Nep, and if that Nep is identical to the father of Nanna mentioned by Snorri, then Nanna would also be Baldur's niece. But marriage between uncle and niece, though common in many cultures, does not normally appear in old Scandinavian literature.
• *The name Hildólfr appears in the eddic poem Hárbarðsljóð, applied by the ferryman Hárbarðr to his supposed master. But Harbard is actually Odin in disguise and there is no clear reference here to a son of Odin.
• *In Gylfaginning, Ali is only another name for Váli.
• *The otherwise unrecorded Ítreksjóð, meaning "offspring of Ítrekr", may be a reference to any of the sons of Odin. Ít-rekr is a name of Odin.

Founders of dynasties

• Sigi. He was made the ancestor of the Völsung lineage, who were Burgundian kings according to Snorri.
• Skjöld. He was ancestor of the Danish Skjölding dynasty. In Snorri's Ynglinga Saga in the Heimskringla, Skjöld's wife is the goddess Gefjön and the same account occurs in most, but not all, manuscripts of the Edda. But Saxo makes Skjöld the son of Lother son of Dan. And in English tradition, Skjöld is son of Sceafa or of Heremod when a father is named.
• Yngvi. A son of Odin in the prologue to the Edda but identified with Frey son of Njörd in the Ynglinga Saga. In both accounts, this figure is made ancestor of the Yngling dynasty in Sweden.
• Sæming. Sæming is ancestor of a line of Norwegian kings. Snorri's Ynglinga Saga relates that after the giantess Skaði broke off her marriage with Njörd, she "married afterwards Odin, and had many sons by him, of whom one was called Sæming" from whom Jarl Hákon claimed descent. Snorri then quotes a relevant verse by the poet Eyvindr skáldaspillir. However, in his preface to the Heimskringla, Snorri says that Eyvindr's Háleygjatal which reckoned up the ancestors of Jarl Hákon brought in Sæming as son of Yngvi-Frey. Snorri may have slipped here, thinking of the Ynglings. As to the many sons, it is possible that some of the otherwise unknown sons in the previous section may be sons purportedly born by Skadi.

• Gauti. Gauti's son Hring ruled Östergötland, so Gauti appears to be the eponym of the Geatas in Beowulf. Some versions of the English royal line of Wessex add names above that of Woden, purportedly giving Woden's ancestry, though the names are now usually thought be in fact another royal lineage that has been at some stage erroneously pasted onto the top of the standard genealogy. Some of these genealogies end in Geat, whom it is reasonable to think might be Gauti. The account in the Historia Britonum calls Geat a son of a god, which fits. But Asser, in his Life of Alfred, writes instead that the pagans worshipped this Geat himself for a long time as a god. In Old Norse texts, Gaut is itself a very common byname for Odin. Jordanes, in The origin and deeds of the Goths, traces the line of the Amelungs up to Hulmul son of Gapt, purportedly the first Gothic hero of record. This Gapt is felt by many commentators to be an error for Gaut or Gauti.

• Sigrlami. He was son of Odin and king of Gardariki. His son Svafrlami succeeded him. Svafrlami forced the dwarves Dvalinn and Durin to forge for him a superb sword, Tyrfing. They did so and cursed it. In version R, Sigrlami takes on the role of Svafrlami and his parentage is not given.

• Vegdagr/'Wægdæg/Wecta. According to Snorri, Vegdeg ruled East Saxony. In the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Wecta form of the name heads the lineage of the kings of Kent, and the Wægdæg form of the name heads the lineage of the kings of Deira. The Anglian collection of Anglo-Saxon royal genealogies places the name Wægdæg in both pedigrees, while Snorri relates a single descent through Vegdeg and his son that later splits into two branches leading to the Kent and Deira ancestors.
• Beldeg. According to Snorri's prologue, Beldeg was identical to Baldur and ruled in Westphalia. There is no independent evidence of the identification of Beldeg with Baldur. From Beldeg, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle traces the kings of Bernicia and Wessex. Historia Brittonum derives the kings of Deira from Beldeg rather than from Wægdæg.

• Weothulgeot or Wihtlæg. According to the genealogies in the Anglian collection, Weothulgeot was ancestor to the royal house of Mercia and the father of Wihtlæg. According to the Historia Brittonum, Weothulgeot was father of Weaga, who was father of Wihtlæg. But the two Anglo-Saxon Chronicle versions of this genealogy include neither Weothulgeot nor Weaga, but make Wihtlæg himself the son of Woden. In all versions, Wihtlæg is father of Wermund, father of Offa of Angel. According to the Old English poem Widsith, Offa ruled over the continental Angles. Saxo, though not mentioning Wihtlæg's parentage, introduces Wihtlæg as a Danish king named Wiglek, who was the slayer of Amleth.
• Casere. He was made ancestor to the royal house of East Anglia and is thought to represent none other than Julius Caesar.
• Winta. He was made ancestor to the royal house of Lindsey/Lindisfarne. This genealogy is found only in the Anglian collection, not in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
• Seaxnēat'. Made ancestor of the kings of Essex. He is mentioned as Saxnôte alongside Uuôden and Thunaer in the Old Dutch/Saxon Baptismal Vow. He was originally at the top of the Essex pedigree, and only later was made son of Woden to harmonize with the other Anglo-Saxon royal pedigrees.

  Froger

According to some, he was the son of Odin, and when he begged the immortal gods to grant him a boon, received the privilege that no man should conquer him, save he who at the time of the conflict could catch up in his hand the dust lying beneath Froger's feet.

Loki in modern literature