Solar eclipse of October 30, 1845


A total solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's ascending node of orbit between Thursday, October 30 and Friday, October 31, 1845, with a magnitude of 1.0005. It was a hybrid event, with only a fraction of its path as total, and longer sections at the start and end as an annular eclipse. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 3.4 days before perigee, the Moon's apparent diameter was larger.
The greatest eclipse was in northeasternmost Antarctica south of where the Indian and Pacific Ocean divides at 69.1 S and 144.5 E at 23:51 UTC, in that portion of Antarctica and the surrounding waters it shown as a total eclipse, the remainder was as an annular, first in the Indian Ocean then in the Antarctic Peninsula.

Description

The eclipse was visible in the islands of Java, Bali, Sunda and Timor including Portuguese Timor, the Asian islands, almost the whole of Australia with the exception of the Cape York Peninsula, Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island, Macquarrie Islands, New Zealand, Chatham Islands, Antipodes and some remaining small islands.
In Australia, it showed up to 10% obscuration in the south of the Gulf of Carpentaria, around 15% in Brisbane, 25–30% in Central Australia, around 40% in Sydney, 50% in Melbourne, around 55% in Tasmania and the Nullarbor Plain and around 60% in Perth, Western Australia. Elsewhere it showed 10% in the north tip of New Zealand's North Island, up to 30% in the area of Wellington, 45% in Otago. and 60% in the Chatham Islands. It was also around 90% in the shores of Western Antarctica and around the 180th meridian.
The rim of the eclipse included the area south of Cairns, Queensland, the Coral Sea and Cook Islands.
The eclipse started at sunrise in Western Australia and finished at sunset in the Antarctic Peninsula and southwest of Patagonia in South America.

Eclipse details

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.
EventTime
First Penumbral External Contact1845 October 30 at 21:32:18.1 UTC
First Umbral External Contact1845 October 30 at 22:55:30.0 UTC
First Central Line1845 October 30 at 22:55:59.9 UTC
Greatest Duration1845 October 30 at 22:55:59.9 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact1845 October 30 at 22:56:30.0 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction1845 October 30 at 23:42:49.2 UTC
Greatest Eclipse1845 October 30 at 23:51:57.4 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction1845 October 31 at 00:13:51.7 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact1845 October 31 at 00:47:11.4 UTC
Last Central Line1845 October 31 at 00:47:38.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact1845 October 31 at 00:48:06.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact1845 October 31 at 02:11:21.2 UTC

ParameterValue
Eclipse Magnitude1.00046
Eclipse Obscuration1.00092
Gamma−0.85375
Sun Right Ascension14h20m21.2s
Sun Declination-14°00'22.1"
Sun Semi-Diameter16'07.2"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax08.9"
Moon Right Ascension14h19m33.4s
Moon Declination-14°49'00.4"
Moon Semi-Diameter15'59.8"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax0°58'42.5"
ΔT6.2 s

Eclipse season

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.
October 30
Ascending node
November 14
Descending node
Hybrid solar eclipse
Solar Saros 121		Partial lunar eclipse
Lunar Saros 133

Related eclipses

Eclipses in 1845

Metonic

Tzolkinex

Half-Saros

Tritos

Solar Saros 121

Inex

Triad

Solar eclipses of 1844–1848

The partial solar eclipses on June 16, 1844 and December 9, 1844 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the partial solar eclipses on March 5, 1848 and August 28, 1848 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.

Metonic series

All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's ascending node.