Ruth Baker Pratt
Ruth Sears Pratt was an American politician and the first female U.S. representative to be elected from New York.
Early life
On August 24, 1877, Pratt was born as Ruth Sears Baker in Ware, Massachusetts to Carrie V. Baker and Edwin H. Baker, a cotton manufacturer.Pratt attended Dana Hall. Pratt studied mathematics at Wellesley College. She also spent a year and a half studying violin at the Conservatory of Liege, Belgium.
Career
In the 1920 presidential election, Pratt was a presidential elector for Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge. In 1924, she supported and drew in women's support for Frank J. Coleman Jr. candidacy for leadership of the Fifteenth Assembly District; Pratt was later made associate leader of the District before she became secretary. She was a member of the Board of Aldermen of New York City in 1925, being the first woman to serve; re-elected in 1927 and served until March 1, 1929. She was a member of the Republican National Committee 1929-1943; delegate to the Republican National Conventions in 1924, 1932, 1936, 1940; delegate to the Republican State conventions in 1922, 1924, 1926, 1928, 1930, 1936, and 1938. She served as president of the Women's National Republican Club from 1943 to 1946.She was elected as a Republican to the 71st and 72nd Congresses, being the first woman elected to Congress from New York, beating out her primary competitor Phelps Phelps. In 1932, Ruth lost reelection to Democrat Theodore Peyser.
Pratt-Smoot Act
Together with Reed Smoot, she introduced the Pratt-Smoot Act, passed by the United States Congress, and signed into law by President Herbert Hoover on March 3, 1931. The Act provided $100,000, to be administered by the Library of Congress, to provide blind adults with books. The program, which is known as Books for the Blind, has been heavily amended and expanded over the years, and remains in place today.Electoral history
Personal life
In 1904, she married John Teele Pratt, a corporate attorney, philanthropist, music impresario, and financier. He was one of six children born to industrialist and Standard Oil co-founder Charles Pratt and Mary Helen Pratt. His siblings included brothers Frederic, George, Herbert, and Harold. From his father's first marriage, he had two half-siblings including Charles Millard Pratt. He died in 1927, leaving her a large fortune. Together, they had five children:- John Teele Pratt Jr., who was married to Mary Christy Tiffany, the daughter of George Shepley Tiffany. They divorced and he later married Elizabeth Ogden Woodward, the daughter of William Woodward Sr. and the former wife of Robert Livingston Stevens Jr. After his death, she married Alexander Cochrane Cushing, founder of Squaw Valley Ski Resort.
- Virginia Pratt, who married Robert Helyer Thayer, a U.S. Minister to Romania, in 1926.
- Sally Sears Pratt, who married James Tracy Jackson III in 1928.
- Phyllis Pratt, who married Paul Henry Nitze, the Secretary of the Navy and Deputy Secretary of Defense under President Lyndon B. Johnson.
- Edwin Howard Baker Pratt, the headmaster of Browne & Nichols school, who married Aileen Kelly.
Death