Planty Park (Kraków)

Planty is a historic urban park around the Old Town in Kraków, Poland. It was built on the site of the destroyed the Medieval defensive walls of the city.
The park has an area of and a length of. It consists of a chain of thirty smaller gardens designed in varied styles and adorned with numerous monuments and fountains. There are over twenty statues of noble historical figures in the park including monuments to Nicolaus Copernicus, Jan Matejko, Queen Jadwiga and King Wladyslaw II Jagiello. There are also several plaques in the park commemorating, among others, Jan Dlugosz and Stanislaw Wyspianski. And of famous Polish Mathematician Hugo Steinhaus, Stefan Banach and Otto Nikodym.
The park forms a scenic walkway popular with Cracovians.
Most historic sites of the old Kraków are located inside the Planty-park-belt along the Royal Road crossing the park from the medieval suburb of Kleparz – through Florian Gate – at the northern flank of the old city walls. The historic Wawel Castle at the Wawel Hill, adjacent to Vistula River meander, form the southernmost border of Planty.

History

The green belt was established in place of the medieval walls between 1822 and 1830.
By the beginning of the 19th century the expanding city had begun to outgrow the confines of the old defensive walls. The walls had been falling into disrepair due to lack of maintenance after the Partitions of Poland. As a result, Emperor Franz I of Austro-Hungary ordered the dismantling of the old fortifications. However, in 1817 Professor Feliks Radwański of Jagiellonian University convinced the Senate of the Free City of Cracow to legislate the partial preservation of the old fortifications, namely, the Florian Gate and the adjoining Barbican, one of only three such fortified outposts still surviving in Europe.