Kapampangan language

Kapampangan, Capampáñgan, or Pampangan, is an Austronesian language, and one of the eight major languages of the Philippines. It is the primary and predominant language of the entire province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac, on the southern part of Luzon's central plains geographic region, where the Kapampangan ethnic group resides. Kapampangan is also spoken in northeastern Bataan, as well as in the provinces of Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, and Zambales that border Pampanga. It is further spoken as a second language by a few Aeta groups in the southern part of Central Luzon. The language is known honorifically as Amánung Sísuan.
Kapampangan is assigned the ISO 639-2 three-letter code pam, but not an ISO 639-1 two-letter code.

Classification

Kapampangan is one of the Central [Luzon languages] of the Austronesian language family. Its closest relatives are the Sambalic languages of Zambales province and the Bolinao language spoken in the towns of Bolinao and Anda in Pangasinan. These languages share the same reflex of the proto-Malayo-Polynesian *R.

History

Kapampangan is derived from the root word pampáng. The language was historically spoken in the Kingdom of Tondo, ruled by the Lakans.
A number of Kapampangan dictionaries and grammar books were written during the Spanish colonial period. wrote two 18th-century books about the language: Arte de la lengua Pampanga and Vocabulario de la lengua Pampanga. Kapampangan produced two 19th-century literary giants; was noted for Gonzalo de Córdova and Comedia Heróica de la Conquista de Granada, and playwright wrote Alang Dios in 1901. "Crissotan" was written by Amado Yuzon, Soto's 1950s contemporary and Nobel Prize nominee for peace and literature, to immortalize his contribution to Kapampangan literature.

Geographic distribution

Kapampangan is predominantly spoken in the province of Pampanga and southern Tarlac. It is also spoken in border communities of the provinces of Bataan, Bulacan, Nueva Ecija and Zambales.
The language has also speakers outside Central Luzon, particularly in nearby Metro Manila and as far as Palawan and Mindanao. In Mindanao, a significant Kapampangan-speaking minority also exists in Cagayan de Oro, Davao City, South Cotabato and Sultan Kudarat. Other areas outside Central Luzon w/ Kapampangan speakers are Ilocos Region and Cagayan Valley, with largest concentrations in Pangasinan, Cagayan, and Isabela.
According to the 2000 Philippine census, 2,312,870 people spoke Kapampangan as their native language. As of 2020, the language is ranked to be the eighth leading language spoken at home in the Philippines with only 639,687 households still speaking the language.

Phonology

Standard Kapampangan has 21 phonemes: 15 consonants and five vowels; some western dialects have six vowels. Syllabic structure is relatively simple; each syllable contains at least one consonant and a vowel.

Vowels

Standard Kapampangan has five vowel phonemes:

, a close back unrounded vowel when unstressed; allophonic with, an open front unrounded vowel similar to English father when stressed
, an open-mid front unrounded vowel similar to English bed
, a close front unrounded vowel similar to English machine
, a close-mid back rounded vowel similar to English forty
, a close back rounded vowel similar to English flute

There are four main diphthongs:,,, and. In most dialects, and are reduced to and respectively.
Monophthongs have allophones in unstressed and syllable-final positions:

becomes in all unstressed positions.
Unstressed is usually pronounced, as in English bit and book respectively.
In final syllables can be pronounced, and can be pronounced.
* deni/reni can be pronounced / or /; seli can be pronounced or ; kekami can be pronounced or ; suerti can be pronounced or, sisilim can be pronounced or.
* kanu can be pronounced or ; libru can be pronounced or ; ninu can be pronounced or ; kaku can be pronounced or, and kámaru can be pronounced or.
Unstressed are usually pronounced, respectively.
Consonants

In the chart of Kapampangan consonants, all stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions, including the beginning of a word. Unlike other languages of the Philippines but similar to Ilocano, Kapampangan uses /h/ only in words of foreign origin.

tends to lenite to between vowels.
and are allophones in Kapampangan, and sometimes interchangeable; Nukarin la ring libru? can be Nukarin la ding libru?.
A glottal stop at the end of a word is often omitted in the middle of a sentence and, unlike in most languages of the Philippines, is conspicuously absent word-internally; hence, Batiáuan's dropping of semivowels from its very name. The vowel it follows is then lengthened.
Stress

Stress is phonemic in Kapampangan. Primary stress occurs on the last or the next-to-last syllable of a word. Vowel lengthening accompanies primary or secondary stress, except when stress occurs at the end of a word. Stress shift can occur, shifting to the right or left to differentiate between nominal or verbal use :

dápat → dapát
dapúg → dápug

Stress shift can also occur when one word is derived from another through affixation; again, stress can shift to the right or the left:

ábe → abáyan
láso → lasáwan
Sound changes

In Kapampangan, the proto-Philippine schwa vowel merged to in most dialects of Kapampangan; it is preserved in some western dialects. Proto-Philippine is tanam in Kapampangan, compared with Tagalog tanim, Cebuano tanom and Ilocano tanem.
Proto-Philippine merged with. The Kapampangan word for 'new' is bayu; it is bago in Tagalog, baro in Ilocano, and baru in Indonesian.

Grammar

Kapampangan is a VSO or Verb-Subject-Object language. However, the word order can be very flexible and change to VOS and SVO. Just like other Austronesian languages, Kapampangan is also an agglutinative language where new words are formed by adding affixes onto a root word and the repetition of words, or portions of words, to ának-ának ). Root words are frequently derived from other words by means of prefixes, infixes, suffixes and circumfixes. to kanan to 'kakanan to kakananan ).
Kapampangan can form long words through extensive use of affixes, for example: Mikakapapagbabalabalangingiananangananan, 'a group of people having their noses bleed at the same time', Mikakapapagsisiluguranan, 'everyone loves each other', Makapagkapampangan, 'can speak Kapampangan', and Mengapangaibuganan, 'until to fall in love'. Long words frequently occur in normal Kapampangan.

Nouns

Kapampangan nouns are not inflected, but are usually preceded by case markers. There are three types of case markers: absolutive, ergative, and oblique.
Unlike English and Spanish and Inuit and Basque, Kapampangan has Austronesian alignment. Austronesian alignment may work with nominative or ergative markers and pronouns.
Absolutive or nominative markers mark the actor of an intransitive verb and the object of a transitive verb. Ergative or genitive markers mark the object of an intransitive verb and the actor of a transitive one. It also marks possession. Oblique markers, similar to prepositions in English, mark location and direction. Noun markers are divided into two classes: names of people and everything else.

	Absolutive	Ergative	Oblique
Common singular	ing	-ng, ning	king
Common plural	ding, ring	ring	karing
Personal singular	i	-ng	kang
Personal plural	di, ri	ri	kari

Examples:

Dintang ya ing lalaki.
Ikit neng Juan i Maria.
Munta ya i Elena ampo i Robertu king bale nang Miguel.
Nukarin la ring libro?
Ibiye ke ing susi kang Carmen.
Pronouns

Kapampangan pronouns are categorized by case: absolutive, ergative, and oblique.

	Absolutive	Absolutive	Ergative	Oblique
1st person singular	yaku, i aku, aku	ku	ku	kanaku, kaku
1st person dual	ikata	kata, ta	ta	kekata
1st person plural inclusive	ikatamu, itamu	katamu, tamu	tamu, ta	kekatamu, kekata
1st person plural exclusive	ikami, ike	kami, ke	mi	kekami, keke
2nd person singular	ika	ka	mu	keka
2nd person plural	ikayu, iko	kayu, ko	yu	kekayu, keko
3rd person singular	iya, ya	ya	na	keya, kaya
3rd person plural	ila	la	da, ra	karela

Examples

Sinulat ku.
Silatanan ke.
Silatanan na ku
Dintang ya Note: Dintang ya 'He arrived '; Dintang ne 'He has arrived.'
Sabian me kaku
Ninu ia ing minaus keka?
Mamasa la
Mamangan la ring babi?

Genitive pronouns follow the word they modify. Oblique pronouns can replace the genitive pronoun, but precede the word they modify.

Ing bale ku; Ing kakung bale; Ing kanakung bale

The dual pronoun ikata and the inclusive pronoun ikatamu refer to the first and second person. The exclusive pronoun ikamí refers to the first and third persons.

Ala katang nasi.
Ala tamung nasi.
Ala keng nasi., Ala kaming nasi.

Kapampangan differs from many Philippine languages in requiring the pronoun even if the noun it represents, or the grammatical antecedent, is present.

Dintang ya i Erning.
Mamasa la ri Maria at Juan.
Silatanan na kang José.
Special forms

The pronouns ya and la have special forms when they are used in conjunction with the words ati and ala.

Ati yu king Pampanga.
Ala lu ring doktor keni, Ala lu ding doktor keni.

Both ati yu and ati ya are correct. The plural form is atilu and atila. Both ala la and ala lu are correct in the plural form. The singular forms are ala ya and ala yu.

Pronoun combinations

Kapampangan pronouns follow a certain order after verbs. The enclitic pronoun is always followed by another pronoun.

Silatanan na ku.

Pronouns also combine to form a portmanteau pronoun:

Ikit ke.
Dinan kong kwalta.

Portmanteau pronouns are not usually used in questions and with the word naman:

Akakit me?
Buri nya naman yan, buri ne murin yan.

In the following chart, blank entries denote combinations which are deemed impossible. Column headings denote pronouns in the absolutive case, and the row headings denote the ergative case.

	yaku	ika	ya	ikata	ikatamu	ikami	ikayo	ila
ku		da ka ra ka	ke keya	–	–	–	da ko da kayu	ko ku la
mu	mu ku		me mya	–	–	mu ke mu kami	–	mo mu la
na	na ku	na ka	ne nya	na kata	na katamu	na ke na kami	na ko na kayu	no nu la
ta	–	–	te tya		–	–	–	to ta la
tamu	–	–	ta ya	–		–	–	ta la
mi	–	da ka ra ka	mi ya	–	–		da ko da kayu	mi la
yu	yu ku	–	ye ya	–	–	yu ke yu kami		yo yu la
da	da ku ra ku	da ka ra ka	de dya	da kata ra kata	da katamu ra katamu	da ke da kami	da ko da kayu	do da la

Demonstrative pronouns

Kapampangan's demonstrative pronouns differ from other Philippine languages by having separate forms for singular and plural.
The demonstrative pronouns ini and iti both mean 'this', but each has distinct uses. Iti usually refers to something abstract, but may also refer to concrete nouns: iting musika, iti ing gagawan mi. Ini is always concrete: ining libru, ini ing asu nang Juan.
In their locative forms, keni is used when the person spoken to is not near the subject spoken of; keti is used when the person spoken to is near the subject spoken of. Two people in the same country will refer to their country as keti, but will refer to their respective towns as keni; both mean 'here'.
The plural forms of a demonstrative pronoun and its existential form are exceptions. The plural of iyan is den/ren; the plural of niyan is daren; the plural of kanyan is karen, and the plural of oian is oren. The existential form of ian is ken.

Nanu ini?
Mangabanglu la rening sampaga, Mangabanglu la dening sampaga.
Ninu ia ing lalaking ita?
Me keni, Ume ka keni.
Ati ku keti, ati yu ku keni, atyu ku keni.
Mangan la keta.
Ninu ia ing anak a ian?
Oita ya pala ing salamin mu!
E ku pa menakit makanian/makanini.
Maniaman la ren/Maniaman la den.
Aini/Areni/Oreni la reng adwang regalo para keka.
Buri daka!
Kaluguran daka!
Mangan Tana!
Edaka buring mawala!
Verbs

Kapampangan verbs are morphologically complex, and take a variety of affixes reflecting focus, aspect and mode. The language has Austronesian alignment, and the verbs change according to triggers in the sentence. Kapampangan has five voices: agent, patient, goal, locative, and cirumstantial. The circumstantial voice prefix is used for instrument and benefactee subjects.
The direct case morphemes in Kapampangan are ing and reng, for plural subjects. Non-subject agents are marked with the ergative-case ning; non-subject patients are marked with the accusative-case -ng, which is cliticized onto the preceding word.

Ambiguities and irregularities

Speakers of other Philippine languages find Kapampangan verbs difficult because some verbs belong to unpredictable verb classes and some verb forms are ambiguous. The root word sulat exists in Tagalog and Kapampangan:

Susulat means 'is writing' in Kapampangan and 'will write' in Tagalog.
Sumulat means 'will write' in Kapampangan and 'wrote' in Tagalog. It is the infinitive in both languages.
Sinulat means 'wrote' in both languages. In Kapampangan, it is in the actor focus or object focus, and object focus only in Tagalog.

The object-focus suffix -an represents two focuses; the only difference is that one conjugation preserves -an in the completed aspect, and it is dropped in the other conjugation:

Bayaran : bayaran, babayaran, beyaran
Bayaran : bayaran, babayaran, binayad

Other Philippine languages have separate forms; Tagalog has -in and -an, Bikol and most of the Visayan languages have -on and -an, and Ilokano has -en and -an due to historical sound changes in the proto-Philippine /*e/.
A number of actor-focus verbs do not use the infix -um-, but are usually conjugated like other verbs which do, bulus, terak, lukas, sindi, saklu, takbang and tuki. Many of these verbs undergo a change of vowel instead of taking the infix -in-. In the actor focus, this happens only to verbs with the vowel in the first syllable; lukas is conjugated lukas, lulukas, and likas.
This change of vowel also applies to certain object-focus verbs in the completed aspect. In addition to becoming, becomes in certain cases.
There is no written distinction between the two mag- affixes; magsalita may mean 'is speaking' or 'will speak', but there is an audible difference. means 'will speak' while means 'is speaking'.

	Infinitive & contemplative	Progressive	Completed
Actor focus	-um-	CV-	-ín-
Actor focus	–	CV-	-in- -i-
Actor focus	m-	mVm-	min- me- mi-
Actor focus	mag-	mág-	mig-, meg-
Actor focus	ma-	má-	me-
Actor focus	maN-	máN-	meN-
Object focus	-an	CV-... -an	-in- -i- -e-
Object focus Benefactive focus	i-	iCV-	i- -in- i- -i- i- -e-
Object focus Locative focus	-an	CV-... -an	-in-... -an -i-... -an -e-... -an
Instrument focus	ipaN-	páN-	piN-, peN
Reason focus	ka-	ká-	ke-

Enclitics

warî: optionally used in yes-and-no questions and other types of questions, similar to Tagalog ba but not entirely
ká: optionally used in yes–no questions to elicit someone's opinion or intent, similar to Malay -kah and Indonesian -kah but not entirely
yá: optionally used in yes–no questions to seek someone and/or other's perspective or condition
kayá, kaná: expresses wonder; I wonder; perhaps; how about; also optionally used in yes-and-no questions and other types of questions
yatá : expresses uncertainty; probably, perhaps, seems
agyaman, man: even, even if, even though
mo: even, even if, even though, and, also, too
nung: conditional particle expressing an unexpected event; if
kanu: reporting particle indicating that the information is second-hand; he said, she said, they said, it was said, allegedly, reportedly, supposedly
din, rin: inclusive particle which adds something to what was said before; also, too
iká, sana, sa: expresses hope or an unrealized condition ; also used in conditional aspect
itá: expresses uncertainty or an unrealized idea; perhaps, probably, seems
mu: limiting particle; only, just
na, pa
*na: now, already, yet, anymore
*pa: still, else
namán: used in making contrasts and to soften requests and emphasis
kasi: expresses cause; because, because of,
pin: used in affirmations or emphasis and to soften imperatives; indeed
palá: realization particle, indicating that the speaker has realized something
pu, opu: politeness particle

Examples:

Mangabayatan ka?: 'Is it heavy?'
Tsa kaya?: 'How about tea?'
Swerti kanu iti kanaku: 'I was told that it is lucky.'
Edukado ya rin ing nobyu mu, Edukado ya din ing nobyu mu: 'Your boyfriend is also educated.'
Existence and possession

To express existence and possession, the word atí is used:

Atí la namang konsyensya: They also have a conscience.
Negation

Kapampangan has two negation words: alí and alá. Alí negates verbs and equations, and means 'no' or 'not':

Alí ya sinali.

Alá is the opposite of atí:

Alá na mo kanung lugud.

E is sometimes used instead of alí:

E ke seli.
Interrogative words

Komustá is used to ask how something is. Frequently used as a greeting, it is derived from the Spanish ¿cómo está?

Komustá na ka?
Komustá ya ing pasyenti?

Nanu means 'what': Nanu ya ing gagawan mu?
Ninu means 'who':

Ninu la reng lalaki? or Ninu la deng lalaki?
Ninu i Jennifer?

Nukarin, meaning 'where', is used to ask about the location of an object and not used with verbs:

Nukarin ya ing drayber/mag-manewu?.
Nukarin ya i Henry?

Obakit means 'why':

Obakit ati ka keni?
Obakit ala ka king bale yu?

Kaninu means 'whose' or 'whom':

Kaninu me ibiye iyan?
Kaninung kalikubak ini?

Pilan means 'how many':

Pilan a kapaya?
Pilan kayung magkaputul?

Kapilan means 'when':

Kapilan ya ing pista?
Kapilan kebaitan mu?

Makananu means 'how':

Makananu iti gawan?
Makananu maging produktibung miyembru na ning lipunan?

Magkanu means 'how much':

Magkanu ya ing metung a tinape?
Magkanu la ring milktea, burger at fries?

Nuanti means 'to what degree':

Nuanti ka kalagu?
Nuanti karakal ya ing seli yu?

Isanu/Isnanu means 'which':

Isanu deti ya ing bisa ka?
Isanu karela ya ing pilian mu?
Lexicon

Kapampangan borrowed many words from Chinese, such as:

Ápû, ' grandmother', from 阿婆
Bápa, 'uncle', from 爸伯
Ditsí, '2nd eldest sister', from 二姊
Díko, '2nd eldest brother', from 二哥
Dízon, '2nd eldest grandson', from 二孫
Gózun, Gózon, '5th eldest grandson', from 五孫
Lácson, '6th eldest grandson', from 六孫
Pekson, '8th eldest grandson', from 八孫
Quezon, 'strongest grandson', from 雞孫
Impû, ' grandmother', from 外婆
Ingkung, ' grandfather', from 外公
Atsi, 'eldest sister', from 阿姐
Kóya, 'eldest brother', 哥仔
Sanko, '3rd eldest brother', from 三哥
Satsi, '3rd eldest sister', from 三姊
Sámson, '3rd eldest grandson', from 三孫
Sese, 'pet, to look after, thank you', from 謝謝
Síson, '4th eldest grandson', from 四孫
Sitson, '7th eldest grandson', from 七孫
Susi, 'key', from 鎖匙
Sitsí, '4th eldest sister', from 四姊
Síko, '4th eldest brother', from 四哥
Tuázon, 'eldest grandson', from 太孫
Pansit, 'noodles', from 便食
Buisit, 'bad luck', from 無衣食
Tiâ, 'tea', from 茶
Laggiû, 'name', from 你叫
Buan,'full, satisfied', from 滿
Pétsai, 'Chinese lettuce', from 白菜
Gintu, 'Gold', from 金條
Lumpiâ, 'spring roll', from 潤餅
Bátsuî, Kapampangan soup, from 肉水
Tawû, 'tofu', from 豆花
Tóyû, 'soy sauce', from 豆油
Tansû, 'copper wire', from 銅索
Bakiâ, 'wooden clogs', from 木屐

Many Filipino surnames that end with “on”, “son”, and “zon” are of Chinese origin, Hispanized version of 孫.
Due to the influence of Buddhism and Hinduism, Kapampangan also acquired words from Sanskrit. A few examples are:

Aláya, 'home', from the Sanskrit आलय alaya
Kalma, 'fate', from the Sanskrit कर्म karma
Damla, 'divine law', from the Sanskrit धर्म dharma
Mantála, 'magic formulas', from the Sanskrit मन्त्र mantra
Upáya, 'power', from the Sanskrit उपाय upaya
Siuálâ, 'voice', from the Sanskrit स्वर svara
Lúpa, 'face', from the Sanskrit रुपा rupa
Sabla, 'every', from the Sanskrit सर्व
Láwû, 'eclipse/dragon', from the Sanskrit राहु rahu
Galúrâ, 'giant eagle', from the Sanskrit गरुड garuda
Láksina, 'south', from the Sanskrit दक्षिण
Laksamana, 'admiral', from the Sanskrit लक्ष्मण lakshmana
Pápâ 'demerit, bad karma' from the Sanskrit पाप
Palâ 'fruit, blessings' from the Sanskrit फल phala

The language has also absorbed many Spanish loanwords due to the 333 years of presence of the Spaniards in the Kapampangan speaking provinces. Hence, Spanish Days of the Week, Months, and Numbers are used in Kapampangan respectively. Many Spanish expressions, basic nouns, verbs, and phrases are also present in the Language. Such as, from Spanish, "cómo estás" which means 'how are you?'. (this common expression can also be found in other Philippine Languages, such as Tagalog, Bisaya, Hiligaynon, etc. Other examples are:

Aparte, 'aside or apart', from Spanish 'Aparte
Casafuego, 'matchstick', from Mexican Spanish "Casa fuego". 'Fósforro which is also Spanish, is also commonly used by the Speakers.
Mariposa, 'butterfly', from Spanish Mariposa'
Primeru, 'first', from Spanish Primero'
Matsura, 'ugly', from Spanish Mala Hechura'
Domingu, 'sunday', from Spanish Domingo'
Filipinas, 'philippines', from Spanish 'Filipinas'
Orthography

Kapampangan, like most Philippine languages, uses the Latin alphabet. Before the Spanish colonization of the Philippines, it was written in old Kapampangan writing. Kapampangan is usually written in one of three different writing systems: sulat Baculud, sulat Wawa and a hybrid of the two, Amung Samson.
The first system is based on Spanish orthography, a feature of which involved the use of the letters ⟨c⟩ and ⟨q⟩ to represent the phoneme . ⟨C⟩ was used before, and , and ⟨q⟩ was used with ⟨u⟩ before the vowels and . The Spanish-based orthography is primarily associated with literature by authors from Bacolor and the text used on the Kapampangan Pasion.
The second system, the Sulat Wawa, is an "indigenized" form which preferred ⟨k⟩ over ⟨c⟩ and ⟨q⟩ in representing the phoneme. This orthography, based on the Abakada alphabet was used by writers from Guagua and rivaled writers from the nearby town of Bacolor.
The third system, Amung Samson hybrid orthography, intends to resolve the conflict in spelling between proponents of the sulat Baculud and sulat Wawa. This system was created by former Catholic priest Venancio Samson during the 1970s to translate the Bible into Kapampangan. It resolved conflicts between the use of ⟨q⟩ and ⟨c⟩ and ⟨k⟩ by using ⟨k⟩ before ⟨e⟩ and ⟨i⟩. The system also removed ⟨ll⟩ and ⟨ñ⟩, replacing them with ⟨ly⟩ and ⟨ny⟩.
Orthography has been debated by Kapampangan writers, and orthographic styles may vary by writer. The sulat Wawa system has become the popular method of writing due to the influence of the Tagalog-based Filipino language and its orthography. The sulat Wawa system is used by the Akademyang Kapampangan and the poet Jose Gallardo.

Prayers, words and sentences

Sign of the Cross: Uli ning tanda ning Santa Cruz, karing masamá kekami, ikabus Mu kami, Ginu ming Dios. King lagyu ning +Ibpa, ampon ning Anak, ampon ning Espiritu Santo. Amen.
Apostle’s Creed: Sasalpantaya ku king Dios, Ibpang mayupayang tutu, linalang king banwa't yatu. At kang Hesukristong Anak nang Bugtung a Ginu tamu. Pengagli Ya king upaya ning Banal a Espiritu, mibayit Ya kang Santa Mariang Birhen. Linasa Ya lalam nang upaya nang Poncio Pilato. Mipaku ya king krus, mete Ya't mikutkut. Tinipa Ya karing mete. King katlung aldo, sinubli yang mebie. Pepaitas Ya banua, makalukluk wanan ning Dios Ibpang mayupayang tutu. Ibat karin, magbalik Ya naman keti ban mukum karing mabie ampon mengamate. Sasalpantaya ku king Banal a Espiritu, ang Santa Iglesia Katolika, ang pamisamak ding Santos, ang pangapatauadda ring kasalanan, king pangasubli rang mie ring mete, at king bie alang angga. Amen.
The Lord's Prayer: Ibpa mi, a atiu banua. Misamban ya ing lagyu Mu. Datang kekami ing kayarian Mu. Mipamintuan ing lub Mu, keti sulip anti banua. Ing kakanan mi king aldo-aldo ibie Mu kekami king aldo ngeni. Ampon ipatawad Mo kekami ring sala mi Keka, anti ing pamamatauad mi karing mikasala kekami. E Mu ke ipaisaul king tuksu, nune ikabus Mu kami karing sablang marok. Amen.
Hail Mary: Bapu, Maria! Mitmu ka king grasya. Ing Ginung Dios atyu keka. Nuan ka karing sablang babayi, at nuan ya pa naman ing bunga ning atian mu, i Jesús. Santa Maria, Indu ning Dios. Ipanalangin mu keng makasalanan, ngeni, ampon king oras ning kamatayan mi. Amen.
Gloria Patri: Ligaya king Ibpa, at ang Anak, at ang Espiritu Santo. Antimo ing sadya nang ligaya ibat king kamumulan, ngeni't kapilan man, mangga man king alang angga. Amen.
Salve Regina: Bapu Reyna, Indung Mamakalulu, bie ampon yumu, manga panaligan mi, Bapu Reyna, ikang ausan mi, ikeng pepalakuan a anak nang Eva; ikang pangisnawan ming malalam, daralung ke manga tatangis keni king karinan ning luwa. Ngamu na Reyna, Patulunan mi, balicdan mu kami karing mata mung mapamakalulu, ampon nung mapupus, pangalako mu queti sulip, pakit me kekami i Hesus, a bungang masampat ning atian mu. O malugud! O mapamakalulu! O Santa Maria Birhen a mayumu! Ipanalangin mu kami, O Santang Indu ning Dios. Ba’keng sukat makinabang karing pengaku nang Hesukristong Ginu tamu.

Numbers:

One – isa
Two – aduá
Three – atlú
Four – ápat
Five – limá
Six – ánam
Seven – pitú
Eight – ualú
Nine – s'yám
Ten – apúlu

Sentences:

My name is John. – Juan ya ing lagyu ku.
I am here! – Atyu ku keni!
Where are you? – Nukarin ka ?
I love you. – Kaluguran daka.
What do you want? – Nanu ya ing buri mu?
Good morning! - Mayap a yabak !
Good afternoon! - Mayap a gatpanapun !
Good evening! - Mayap a bengi !
I will go home. – Muli ku.
They don't want to eat. – Ali la bisang mangan.
He bought rice. – Sinali yang nasi.
She likes that. – Buri ne ita.
May I go out? – Malyari ku waring lumwal?
I can't sleep. – Ali ku mipapatudtud.
We are afraid. – Tatakut kami.
My pet died yesterday. – Mete ya ing sese ku napun.
How old are you? – Pilan na kang banua?
How did you do that? – Makananu meng gewa ita?
How did you get here? – Katnamu ka miparas keni?
How big is it? – Makananu ya karagul?
When will you be back? – Kapilan ka mibalik?
A baby is born? - Metung a anak ing mibait?

Kapampangan language

Classification

History

Geographic distribution

Phonology

Vowels

Consonants

Stress

Sound changes

Grammar

Nouns

Pronouns

Examples

Special forms

Pronoun combinations

Demonstrative pronouns

Verbs

Ambiguities and irregularities

Enclitics

Existence and possession

Negation

Interrogative words

Lexicon

Orthography

Prayers, words and sentences