Otto Krebs
Otto Krebs was a German industrialist and major collector of late 19th and early 20th century French paintings, particularly those of Cézanne, Van Gogh and Gauguin. Seized by the Red Army and taken to Leningrad as war reparations, his collection is still housed at the Hermitage Museum in that city.
Life
Born to a physics teacher in Wiesbaden, he studied at Berlin's Polytechnikum before studying philosophy in Zürich, where he completed his thesis in 1897. He then became commercial director of Rudolf Otto Meyer's firm in Hamburg, before setting up a new business in 1906 in Mannheim which in time became among the best boiler manufacturers in Germany, particularly of steam boilers. His business success was due to engineer Joseph Strebel's 1903 discovery of building backward-flow steam boilers. He became wealthy enough to start collecting in the 1920s, mainly buying works in Paris, especially from the art dealers Durand-Ruel and Bernheim-Jeune.In 1917 he bought an estate in Holzdorf, a small village to the south of Weimar which he had got to know en route between his main factory in Mannheim and others in Bohemia and German Silesia. Building a holiday home there, he moved there permanently around 1930, using its reception rooms to house his art collection as well as Gobelins tapestries. He died of cancer at Holzdorf, leaving much of his estate to a foundation for cancer research which is now part of the University of Heidelberg's medical faculty and the house and grounds to his mistress and wife, the pianist Frieda Kwast-Hodapp. It was occupied by the Soviet Army staff after the Allied victory and the building's collections were taken to Leningrad as war reparations in 1947, but not displayed to the public until 1995.