Republic of New Afrika


The Republic of New Afrika is a black nationalist organization in the United States founded in 1968 after the civil rights movement. The organization has three goals: Creation of an independent socialist nation in the heart of the Black Belt, payment by the U.S. federal government of several billion dollars in reparations to African-American and Indigenous American people for the damages inflicted on them by Euro-American systems of oppression; through chattel enslavement, Jim Crow laws, and modern day forms of racism, and a plebiscite of all African-Americans to determine their desires for citizenship; It claims sovereignty over U.S. states Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina as subjugated national territory.

History

The idea of the RNA arose following the events of the 1967 Detroit riot. It was the first separate nation declared by African Americans in the United States.
The vision for this country was first promulgated by the Malcolm X Society on March 31, 1968, at a Black Government Conference held in Detroit, Michigan. The conference participants drafted a constitution and declaration of independence, and they identified five Southern states Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia and South Carolina as subjugated national territory.
The Black Government Conference was convened by the Malcolm X Society and the Group on Advanced Leadership, two influential Detroit-based black revolutionary organizations with broad followings. The attendees drafted a Declaration of Independence, a constitution, and the framework for a provisional government.
File:Mao and Robert F.Williams.jpg|thumb|Chinese dictator Mao Zedong signing a copy of his Little Red Book for Robert F. Williams, first president of the Republic of New Afrika organization
This provisional government gave birth to the Republic of New Afrika. Robert F. Williams, then living in exile in Cuba, was chosen as the first president of the provisional government; attorney Milton Henry was named first vice president; and Betty Shabazz, widow of Malcolm X, served as second vice president. Imari Obadele was its first Minister of Information. An RNA delegation traveled to China to meet Williams in June 1968. Williams accepted the position and proposed diplomatic initiatives for the RNA to undertake.
The Provisional Government of the Republic of New Afrika advocated/advocates a form of cooperative economics through the building of New Communities—named after the Ujamaa concept promoted by Tanzanian President Julius Nyerere.
It proposed and created militant self-defense through the building of local people's militias; a standing army to be called the Black Legion.
The organization was involved in numerous controversial issues. For example, it attempted to assist Oceanhill-Brownsville area in Brooklyn to secede from the United States during the 1968 conflict over control of public schools. Additionally, it was involved with shootouts at New Bethel Baptist Church in 1969 and another in Jackson, Mississippi, in 1971. In the confrontations, law-enforcement officials were killed and injured. Organization members were prosecuted for the crimes. The members claimed they acted in self defense.

Notable members

  • Queen Mother Moore was a founding member. She helped found the group and helped out in the group as much as she could.
  • Betty Shabazz, widow of Malcolm X, was elected as second vice president of the first administration in 1968, working alongside Williams and Henry.
  • Chokwe Lumumba, formerly Edwin Finley Taliaferro of Detroit, was elected as second vice president in 1971. He later became an attorney, working in Michigan and Mississippi in public defense. After settling in Jackson, Mississippi, he was elected to the city council there. He was elected as mayor in 2013, dying in office in February 2014 of natural causes.
  • Safiya Bukhari, former Black Panther Party and Black Liberation Army member, founder of the Jericho Movement for U.S. Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War, and co-founder of the Free Mumia Abdul-Jamal Coalition was elected as vice-president.
  • Sanyika Shakur, former leader of Eight Tray Gangster Crips and author

    Leaders

  • Robert F. Williams, President in Exile
  • Imari Obadele, President

    Publications

  • The Article Three Brief. 1973.
  • Obadele, Imari Abubakari. Foundations of the Black Nation, Detroit: House of Songay, 1975.
  • Brother Imari . War In America: The Malcolm X Doctrine, Chicago: Ujamaa Distributors, 1977.
  • Kehinde, Muata. RNA President Imari Obadele is Free After Years of Illegal U.S. Imprisonment. In Burning Spear Louisville: African Peoples Socialist Party, 1980. pp. 4–28
  • Obadele, Imari Abubakari. The Malcolm Generation & Other Stories, Philadelphia: House of Songhay, 1982.
  • Obadele, Imari Abubakari. Free The Land!: The True Story of the Trials of the RNA-11 Washington, D.C. House of Songhay, 1984.
  • New Afrikan State-Building in North America. Ann Arbor. Univ. of Michigan Microfilm, 1985, pp. 345–357.
  • "The First New Afrikan States". In The Black Collegian, Jan./Feb. 1986.
  • A Beginner's Outline of the History of Afrikan People, 1st ed. Washington, D.C. House of Songhay, Commission for Positive Education, 1987.
  • America The Nation-State. Washington, D.C. and Baton Rouge. House of Songhay, Commission for Positive Education, 1989, 1988.
  • Walker, Kwaku, and Walker, Abena. Black Genius. Baton Rouge. House of Songhay, Commission for Positive Education, 1991.
  • Afoh, Kwame, Lumumba, Chokwe, and Obafemi, Ahmed. A Brief History of the Black Struggle in America, With Obadele's Macro-Level Theory of Human Organization. Baton Rouge. House of Songhay, Commission for Positive Education, 1991.
  • RNA. A People's Struggle. RNA, Box 90604, Washington, D.C. 20090–0604.
  • The Republic of New Africa New Afrikan Ujamaa: The Economics of the Republic of New Africa. 21p. San Francisco. 1970.
  • Obadele, Imari Abubakari. The Struggle for Independence and Reparations from the United States 142p. Baton Rouge. House of Songhay, 2004.
  • Obadele, Imari A., editor De-Colonization U.S.A.: The Independence Struggle of the Black Nation in the United States Centering on the 1996 United Nations Petition 228p. Baton Rouge. The Malcolm Generation, 1997.
  • Taifa, Nkechi. '' 379p. Washington, DC, House of Songhay II, 2020.

    RNA links

  • Archives

  • in the archival project at Brown University – Tougaloo College archives.
  • , documents on police surveillance and repression of the RNA as well as protest by the organization at the .

    Articles and reports

  • : The Republic of New Africa] William F. Buckley interviews Milton Henry, President of the Republic of New Afrika. Program number 126. Taped on Nov 18, 1968. 50 minutes. Available from the Hoover Institution. The first 5 minutes are accessible in .
  • by Christian Davenport, Professor of Peace Studies and Political Science at the Kroc Institute, University of Notre Dame.
  • By Dennis Smith, News Director. February 3, 2005. Accessed April 1, 2005
  • Taifa, Nkechi. "Republic of New Afrika". In Shujaa, Mwalimu J.; Shujaa, Kenya J.. The SAGE Encyclopedia of African Cultural Heritage in North America. SAGE Publications, Inc...
Category:Independence movements
Category:African-American history in the Southern United States
Category:COINTELPRO targets
Category:1968 establishments in Michigan
Category:Separatism in the United States
Category:Slavery in the United States
Category:Reparations for slavery in the United States
Category:Black separatism
Category:Politics and race in the United States
Category:Proposed countries
Category:Black Power
Category:African-American leftism
Category:Organizations established in 1968
Category:Politics of the Southern United States
Category:History of the Southern United States
Category:Southeastern United States
Category:African and Black nationalism in the United States