Chionanthus
Chionanthus, common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae.
Image:Chionanthus virginicus USDA.jpg|right|thumb|Chionanthus virginicus flowers
Image:Chionanthus pubescens - Pink Fringe Tree.jpg|right|thumb|Chionanthus pubescens
Image:Chionanthus retusus - Chinese fringetree.jpg|right|thumb|Chionanthus retusus flowers
The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into temperate regions, one in eastern Asia and two in eastern North America. Most of the tropical species are evergreen, while the three temperate species are deciduous. Some botanists restrict Chionanthus to the deciduous, temperate species, treating the evergreen species in a separate genus Linociera, but apart from leaf persistence, there is no other consistent difference between them.
They are shrubs and small to medium-sized trees growing to 3–25 m tall. The leaves are opposite, simple. The flowers are produced in feathery panicles, with a corolla subdivided into four slender lobes; they are white, pale yellow, or tinged pink. The fruit is a drupe containing a single seed.
Species
, Plants of [the World Online] accepted the following species:- Chionanthus abriaquiensis Fern.Alonso & Cogollo
- Chionanthus acuminatissimus Kiew ex de Juana
- Chionanthus acunae Borhidi - Cuba
- Chionanthus adamsii Stearn - Jamaica
- Chionanthus albidiflorus Thwaites – Sri Lanka
- Chionanthus amblirrhinus P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus avilensis P.S.Green - Venezuela
- Chionanthus axillaris R.Br. – Australia
- Chionanthus axilliflorus Stearn – Caribbean
- Chionanthus bakeri Stearn - Cuba
- Chionanthus balgooyanus Kiew – Sarawak
- Chionanthus beccarii Kiew - Sumatra
- Chionanthus brachystachys P.S.Green - New Caledonia
- Chionanthus brassii Kiew - Papua New Guinea
- Chionanthus bumelioides Stearn - Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola
- Chionanthus callophylloides Kiew – Sarawak + Sabah
- Chionanthus callophyllus Blume – Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
- Chionanthus caudifolius Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
- Chionanthus caymanensis Stearn - Cayman Islands
- Chionanthus celebicus Koord - Sulawesi
- Chionanthus chrysopetalus Cornejo ex Lombardi
- Chionanthus clementis Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus colonchensis Cornejo & Bonifaz - Ecuador
- Chionanthus compactus Sw. – Caribbean
- Chionanthus coriaceus Yuen P.Yang & S.Y.Lu - Taiwan + Philippines
- Chionanthus cordulatus Koord.
- Chionanthus courtallensis Bedd.
- Chionanthus crassifolius P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus crispus Kiew – Sabah
- Chionanthus curvicarpus Kiew – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
- Chionanthus cuspidatus Blume - Borneo
- Chionanthus decipiens P.S.Green - Myanmar + Thailand
- Chionanthus densiflorus Zoll. & Moritzi - Java
- Chionanthus dictyophyllus Stearn - Hispaniola
- Chionanthus diversifolius Miq - Sumatra
- Chionanthus domingensis Lam. – Caribbean
- Chionanthus dussii Stearn - Dominica + Martinique
- Chionanthus ellipticus Blume - Java + Sumatra
- Chionanthus enerve Kiew - Borneo
- Chionanthus eriorachis P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus evenius Kiew – Malesia
- Chionanthus ferrugineus P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus filiformis P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus fluminensis P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus gardneriorum Kiew
- Chionanthus gigas Kiew - New Guinea
- Chionanthus globosus Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus glomeratus Blume - Sumatra
- Chionanthus grandifolius Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus greenii Lombardi - Brazil
- Chionanthus guangxiensis B.M.Miao. – Southeastern China.
- Chionanthus guianensis Pers - Venezuela + French Guiana
- Chionanthus hahlii Kiew - Bismarck, Solomons, Samoa
- Chionanthus hainanensis B.M.Miao. – Southern China
- Chionanthus havilandii Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus henryae H.L.Li - USA
- Chionanthus henryanus P.S.Green. – Southwestern China, Burma
- Chionanthus holdridgei Stearn – Caribbean
- Chionanthus implicatus P.S.Green - South America
- Chionanthus jamaicensis Stearn - Jamaica
- Chionanthus kajewskii Kiew - Solomon Islands
- Chionanthus kinabaluensis Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus kostermansii Kiew
- Chionanthus lancifolius Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
- Chionanthus leopoldii Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus ligustrinus Pers. – Caribbean
- Chionanthus littoreus Miq - Sumatra
- Chionanthus longiflorus B.M.Miao. – Southwestern China
- Chionanthus longipetalus Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
- Chionanthus lucens Kiew – Sabah
- Chionanthus luzonicus Blume - Philippines
- Chionanthus macrobotrys Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
- Chionanthus macrocarpus Blume – Indonesia, Malaysia
- Chionanthus macrothyrsus Soejarto & P.K.Lôc - Vietnam
- Chionanthus mala-elengi P.S.Green - India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Andaman Islands
- Chionanthus maxwellii P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus megistocarpus Fern.Alonso & Cogollo
- Chionanthus micranthus Lozano & Fuertes - Brazil
- Chionanthus microbotrys P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chionanthus microstigma P.S.Green - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chionanthus minutiflorus Kurz - Burma
- Chionanthus montanus Blume - Java, Sulawesi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
- Chionanthus nitens Koord. & Valeton - Java, Sulawesi
- Chionanthus nitidus Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus oblanceolatus P.S.Green - Mexico + Central America
- Chionanthus oblongifolius Koord. & Valeton - Java
- Chionanthus oliganthus Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
- Chionanthus pachyphyllus Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus palustris Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus panamensis Stearn - Mexico, Central America
- Chionanthus parkinsonii Bennet & Raizada - Thailand, Vietnam, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
- Chionanthus parviflorus Cornejo, Lombardi & W.W.Thomas
- Chionanthus pedunculatus P.S.Green - New Caledonia
- Chionanthus plurifloroides Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus pluriflorus Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus polycephalus Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus polygamus Kiew – Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea
- Chionanthus porcatus Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus proctorii Stearn - Jamaica
- Chionanthus pubescens Kunth. – Ecuador, Peru
- Chionanthus pubicalyx Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus purpureus Lam. - Sri Lanka
- Chionanthus pygmaeus Small – Southeastern United States
- Chionanthus pyriformis Kiew
- Chionanthus quadristamineus F.Muell. – Australia
- Chionanthus racemosus Kiew & Pelser
- Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxburgh – Australia, southern China, India, Nepal, Vietnam
- Chionanthus remotinervius Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus retusus Lindley & Paxton – China, Japan, Korea
- Chionanthus riparius Kiew - New Guinea
- Chionanthus robinsonii B.H.Quang
- Chionanthus rostratus Miq. - Java
- Chionanthus rugosus Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus rupicola Kiew - Indonesia, New Guinea
- Chionanthus sabahensis Kiew – Sabah
- Chionanthus salicifolius Kiew - New Guinea
- Chionanthus sessiliflorus Kiew - New Guinea + Solomon Islands
- Chionanthus sleumeri Stearn – Australia
- Chionanthus sordidus Kiew
- Chionanthus spicatus Blume – Borneo
- Chionanthus spicifer Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
- Chionanthus stenurus Kiew - Sulawesi
- Chionanthus subcapitatus B.H.Quang
- Chionanthus subsessilis P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus sulawesicus Kiew
- Chionanthus sumatranus Blume - Sumatra + Andaman Islands
- Chionanthus sutepensis P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus tenuis P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus thorelii P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chionanthus timorensis Blume - Timor
- Chionanthus trichotomus P.S.Green - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
- Chionanthus urbanii Stearn - Hispaniola
- Chionanthus vargasii Fern.Alonso & Cogollo
- Chionanthus velutinus P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus verruculatus D.Fang - China
- Chionanthus virginicus L. – Eastern United States
- Chionanthus vitiensis A.C.Sm. - Niue, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga
- Chionanthus wurdackii B.Ståhl - Peru
- Chionanthus zeylanicus L. - Sri Lanka, southern India
- Chionanthus zollingerianus Koord. & Valeton - Java
Cited works