Matsura Sayohime
Matsura Sayohime or Matsura no Sayohime or Matsuura Sayohime was a legendary heroine in Japanese mythology, the wife of the historical Ōtomo no Satehiko. She is referred to as Lady Otohi or Otohihime in an alternate ancient source.
The core legend was that she climbed atop a hill and so piteously waved her scarf at her husband's departing warship that the location afterwards was remembered as Hire-furi-no-mine or "Scarf-Waving Peak", now known as in the confines of the present-day city of Karatsu, Saga. The locale fell within the former Matsura-gun, referred to as the "Matsuura region" in modern parlance.
However, the variant legend added that she was afterwards visited by her husband's look-alike and though she discovered the imposter to be a snake, she had gone missing and was eventually found dead. Later otogizōshi versions of Sayohime, which were also readapted as, i.e., Buddhist "sermon ballad" pieces under the title Matsura chōja, contained an alteration of this plot where the heroine, in an act of filial piety, selling herself to be sacrificed to a serpent deity. Her life is ultimately spared in the fairy tale version.
The legend also recalled that she dropped a precious mirror which was a gift from her husband, and later it came to be believed that she had committed suicide by throwing herself into the river while clutching the mirror. This was then dramatized for the noh theatre in the early 15th century.
The motif of Otohihime/Sayohime waving her scarf from the mountaintop has been illustrated in picture books and woodblock prints.
Old legends
The legends of Matsura Sayohime waving her scarf at the warship carrying her husband are preserved in two ancient pieces of writing, written down some two hundred years after the supposed event took place in the 6th century.Manyoshu version
Matsura Sayohime, according to the oldest account related in the poem collection Man'yōshū, was the wife of Ōtomo no Satehiko. In order to bid farewell to her husband, who was on a ship bound for Korea for a military campaign, she climbed atop a certain mountain peak. So deep was her sorrow: she seemed "gut-wrenchedly" chagrined and darkened-hearted as if her "soul had vanished". Finally, she managed to remove her own scarf and wave it, drawing others around her inevitably to tears.Date
Ōtomo no Satehiko was known historically to have been dispatched on two military expeditions to Korea, and the setting of the legend concerns his first trip which occurred in the year 537; though it is the other Fudoki version of the legend described below which supplies the detail which leads to narrowing down this date.Location
The Matsura region, Sayohime's alluded place of origin, spans the current-day Nagasaki and Saga Prefectures. However, the specific mountaintop that had been dubbed Hirefurinomine, as attested in the Man'yōshū, has been identified as the summit of, on the eastern edge of the city of Karatsu, Saga.Fudoki version (as Otohi)
In the alternate version of the old legend preserved in the, the Lady Otohi of Shinuhara or Shinohara village appears as the name of the famed farewell-bidding wife of Ōtomo no Satehiko."Otohi" may indeed be the woman's proper name, however, it may also be a descriptor, with the word otohi having some meaning that is an extension of the oto element, or possibly meaning "those of younger age". The Lady Otohi is also referred to as otohime in the poem inserted in the Fudoki account.
This version recounts that the lady dropped a mirror given by her husband at a ford, or river crossing, and thenceforth the place was named Kagami-no-watari.
This version proceeds to tell the aftermath since the day the woman parts with Satehiko : she received visits from a look-alike of her husband for five nights in a row. Resolving to discover this man's true identity, she tied a "hemp" thread to the hem of his clothing and tracked him, thereby learning his true form: a snake residing at the marsh on the Scarf-Waving Peak. She was subsequently reported missing, and a search led to her skeletonized remains in the marsh.
A tale presenting this thread/yarn motif has been called the clew-of-yarn type by Japanese scholars, and in the so-called Miwa-san setsuwa, employs the same trick to discover the true form of the snake god Ōmononushi.
Suicidal drowning
wrote a commentary on waka poetry entitled Waka dōmōshō which probably due to a misreading of the Fudoki, states that the lady, grasping the mirror given to her, sunk into the waters of the Kuri River.Petrification version
According to one version of this legend, she prayed with such fervour that she was transformed into stone. This petrification lore of Sayohime appears to be of later development, with its earliest attestation identified as renga poet 's Sodeshita shū. This lore of Sayohime's petrification is thought to have developed from a misunderstanding: a misreading of, which ponders on the Sayohime legend and makes reference to the petrification motif taken from an old Chinese work called the. Sayohime's petrification is also mentioned in Nihon meijo monogatari.[image:佐用姫神社 - panoramio.jpg|thumb|left|Sayohime Shrine]
Her supposed petrified remains, an example of a bōfuseki, is housed as the shintai at the Sayohime Shrine, an undershrine of Tashima Shrine on. The claim regarding her petrification on this island is given in a late account of the origin of this undershrine, preserved in the 19th century document called the Matsura komonjo. It states that the lady did not stop at the Scarf-Waving Peak bidding farewell, but she continued to a spot from whose vantage point she beheld an island nearby. She then hopped on a fishing boat to that island, called the Himekami-jima island where she climbed a "bit elevated spot" and there, out of sorrow, she turned intorock. Commentators identify this elevatation as the Tendō-dake or Dentō-dake.
Literary adaptations
During the early Muromachi Period. The post-medieval narratives of Matsura Sayohime exists in several variant texts of various forms, e. g., hand-copied manuscripts and illustrated books of the Nara ehon type, sermons, scripts for the jōruri puppet theater, and printed books.Noh play
Matsura no Kagami, also referred to as Matsuura Sayohime is also the title of a noh play about the character, whose authorship is ascribed to Zeami. There has survived a holograph copy in Zeami's own hand entitled Matsura no Noh, dated 10th month of 1427/Ōei 24, which closely matches the script text of Matsura no Kagami except for minor differences.The noh play, adopts the embellished legend where Sayohime drown herself in the sea while clutching the mirror, instead of just losing it. The suicidal drowning had been claimed in literature predating the noh play, such as the aforementioned 12th century Waka dōmōshō and Priest 's Shirin saiyōshō.
Monogatari versions
There are some 7 texts of the fairy tale or monogatari/''otogizōshi version of Sayohime. The two full, or "expanded versions" are the unillustrated "Akagi-bunko" library text entitled Sayohime no sōshi dating to the Keichō era and the illustrated book Sayohome in the possession of Kyoto University.The remaining monogatari'' texts belong to the "abridged version" group, and bear alternate titles such as Tsubosaka monogatari or Chikubushima no honji. The latter title is a reference to the tale purporting to reveal the origins of the principal goddess Benzaiten worshipped at Chikubushima Shrine in Ōmi Province, i.e., on an island in Lake Biwa.