Saga Prefecture


Saga Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyushu. Saga Prefecture has a population of roughly 780,000 and has a geographic area of. Saga Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the northeast and Nagasaki Prefecture to the southwest.
Saga is the capital and largest city of Saga Prefecture, with other major cities including Karatsu, Tosu, and Imari. Saga Prefecture is located in the northwest of Kyūshū covering an isthmus-like area extending between the Sea of Japan and the Ariake Sea. Saga Prefecture's western region is known for the production of ceramics and porcelain, particularly in the towns of Karatsu, Imari, and Arita.

History

In ancient times, the area composed by Nagasaki Prefecture and Saga Prefecture was called Hizen Province. The current name dates from the Meiji Restoration. Rice farming culture has prospered here since ancient times, and vestiges can be seen at the ruins of Nabatake in Karatsu and the Yoshinogari site in Yoshinogari.

Feudal period

From the Kamakura period to the Muromachi period, it is thought that over 100 feudal clans existed. Also exerting great influence during this time was a samurai clan operating along the Genkai Sea called the Matsuratō. Upon entering the Sengoku period, the Ryūzōji clan expanded their control to include all of Hizen and Chikugo Provinces, and part of Higo and Chikuzen Provinces. After the death of daimyō Ryūzōji Takanobu, Nabeshima Naoshige took control of the political situation, and by 1607 all of the Ryūzōji clan's domain was under the control of the Nabeshima clan.
In the Edo period this area was called the Saga Domain, and it included three sub-domains: the Hasunoike, Ogi and Kashima Domains. Also within the current borders of Saga Prefecture during this time were the Karatsu Domain and two territories of the Tsushima-Fuchū Domain. Saga Domain and its sub-domains continued to be ruled by the Nabeshima clan, its various illegitimate family lineages and members of the former Ryūzōji clan, and politically the area was relatively stable. The cost of defending Nagasaki was increasing and, difficult from the start, the financial situation was worsened by the great Kyōhō famine and the Siebold Typhoon of 1828. Due to the large area of reclaimed land from the Ariake Sea, arable land was increased significantly and by the 1840s the annual koku of Saga Domain increased to about 670,000, twice that of 200 years before.
Around the middle of the 19th century, Naomasa Nabeshima strove to set right the domain's financial affairs, reduce the number of government officials, and encourage local industry such as Arita porcelain, green tea, and coal. Also, thanks to the proximity of the international port of Nagasaki, new technologies were introduced from overseas, such as the reverberatory furnace and models of steam locomotives.
After the Boshin War, many people from Saga Domain assisted in the Meiji Restoration. In the Meiji era the modernization of coal mines in Kishima and Higashimatsuura districts, among others, progressed bolstered by the construction of railroads.

Timeline

  • 6th century BC : Estimated date of the Nabatake ruins in Karatsu
  • 1st century BC : Villages flourished at what is now the Yoshinogari site
  • 665: After losing the Battle of Baekgang, Kii Castle amassed its defenses to protect Dazaifu.
  • 733: Hizen Fudoki created.
  • 1274: Battle of Bun'ei, the first invasion in the Mongol invasions of Japan
  • 1281: Battle of Kōan, the second invasion in the Mongol invasions of Japan
  • 1591: Construction of Nagoya Castle. After the Japanese invasions of Korea the castle fell in 1598.
  • 1602: Construction of Karatsu Castle and Saga Castle.
  • 1607: Control of Saga Domain moved from the Ryūzōji clan to the Nabeshima clan.
  • 1771: Nijinomatsubara Uprising
  • 1781: Establishment of Kōdōkan, the Saga Han school.
  • 1828: Heavy damage from the Siebold typhoon, deaths estimated at over 10,000.
  • 1871, July 14: Abolition of the han system. All of the han became prefectures.
  • 1871, November 14: The prefectures of Saga, Hasuike, Ogi, Kashima, Karatsu and part of Tsushima merged to form one prefecture, Imari Prefecture.
  • 1872, May 29: Imari Prefecture renamed Saga Prefecture.
  • 1874, February: Saga Rebellion.
  • 1876, April 18: Incorporated into Mizuma Prefecture.
  • 1876, May and June: Parts of Mizuma Prefecture transferred to Nagasaki Prefecture.
  • 1876, August 21: Mizuma Prefecture abolished. Remaining parts incorporated into Nagasaki Prefecture.
  • 1883: Saga Prefecture re-established as an independent prefecture, separated from Nagasaki Prefecture.
  • 1889, April 1: The city of Saga is founded.
  • 1891: The Kyushu Railroad Nagasaki Line opens, beginning with a section from Tosu to Saga.
  • 1895: Opening of railroad from Saga to Takeo.
  • 1897: Opening of railroad from Takeo to Haiki.
  • 1903: Opening of railroad from Saga to Nishi-Karatsu.
  • 1932, January 1: The city of Karatsu is founded.
  • 1935: The Japanese National Railways Saga Line opens.
  • 1954: During the Great Showa Merger the cities of Tosu, Imari, Takeo, Kashima and Taku are formed. At this point there are 7 cities, 8 districts, 18 towns and 35 villages in Saga Prefecture.
  • 1972: With the closing of the Nishiki coal mine, all coal mines in Saga are closed.
  • 1975: The Genkai Nuclear Power Plant begins operation.
  • 1987: The Japanese National Railways Saga Line closes.
  • 1992: The Yoshinogari History Park opens to the public.
  • 1998: The Saga Airport opens in Kawasoe, in what is now the city of Saga.
  • 2005: As a part of the Great Heisei Merger various municipalities are reorganized.
  • * January 1: Karatsu and Shiroishi.
  • * March 1: Ogi and Miyaki.
  • * October 1: Saga.
  • 2006: The Great Heisei Merger continues.
  • * January 1: Karatsu and Ureshino.
  • * March 1: Takeo, Yoshinogari, and Arita.
  • * March 20: Kanzaki.
  • 2007, October 1: The towns of Higashiyoka, Kawasoe and Kubota merge with the city of Saga.
  • 2011, March 12: The Kyushu Shinkansen opens.

    Geography

's prefecture, Saga, is located on the northwest corner of the island, bordered by the Genkai Sea and the Tsushima Strait to the north and the Ariake Sea to the south. Saga's proximity to mainland Asia has made it an important gateway for the transmission of culture and trade throughout Japanese history. Largely rural outside of the two largest cities of Saga and Karatsu, agricultural and forested lands comprise over 68% of the total prefectural land area. There are six prefectural parks and one quasi-national park in Saga.
  • Northernmost point: Enuonohana, Kakarajima, Karatsu –
  • Easternmost point: Iida-machi, Tosu –
  • Southernmost point: Ōurakō, Tara –
  • Westernmost point: Ōse, Madarashima, Karatsu –

    Geographical features

Plains

  • Saga Plains

    Mountains

  • Sefuri Mountains, Tara Mountains
  • Mount Kyōga, Mount Sefuri, Tenzan, Taradake, Mount Ihara, Kinzan, Raizan, Mount Hagane

    Rivers and lakes

  • Chikugo River, Kase River, Matsuura River, Rokkaku River
  • Hokuzan Dam, Kase River Dam

    Seas

  • East China Sea: Ariake Sea, Isahaya Bay
  • Sea of Japan: Genkai Sea, Karatsu Bay, Imari Bay,

    Peninsulas

  • Higashimatsuura Peninsula, part of Kitamatsuura Peninsula

    Islands

  • Genkai Sea: Takashima, Kashiwajima, Ogawajima, Kakarajima, Matsushima, Madarajima, Kabeshima, Mukushima, Iroha Islands
  • Ariake Sea: Okinoshima

    Forests

  • Niji-no-Matsubara

    Caves

  • Nanatsugama Caves

    Land use

Total area: 2439.31 km2
  • Forest, rough lands: 49.2% – 1/3 of the national average.
  • * Forested area: 1096.9 km2 – From 2000, 42nd in the country.
  • Arable land: 39.1% – 2 times the national average.
  • Residential: 6.8% – 1.4 times the national average.
  • Other: 4.9% – Roughly the same as the national average.
As of March 31, 2008, 11% of the total land area of the prefecture was designated as Natural Parks, namely the Genkai Quasi-National Park and Hachimandake, Kawakami-Kinryū, Kurokamiyama, Sefuri-Kitayama, Taradake, and Tenzan Prefectural Natural Parks.

Climate

Saga Prefecture has a mild climate with an average temperature of about.

Municipalities

As of October 1, 2007, there are 10 cities, six districts, and 10 towns in Saga Prefecture, a total of 20 municipalities. As a part of the Great Heisei Merger, the number of municipalities has decreased since January 1, 2005. On March 20, 2006, the village of Sefuri merged with the city of Kanzaki, leaving Saga with no more villages.

Cities

Ten cities are located in Saga Prefecture:

Towns

These are the towns in each district:

Mergers

Metropolitan areas

  • Karatsu-Higashimatsuura
  • *Karatsu, Genkai
  • Kitō
  • *Takeo, Kashima, Ureshino, Shiroishi, Ōmachi, Kōhoku, Tara
  • Saga
  • *Saga, Taku, Ogi, Kanzaki
  • Tosu
  • *Tosu, Kamimine, Kiyama, Yoshinogari, Miyaki

    Economy

Agriculture, forestry, and coastal fisheries form a large portion of the prefectural economy. Regional agricultural specialties include Saga beef, onions, and strawberries. The prefecture is the largest producer of mochigome and greenhouse mandarin oranges in Japan.
According to 2002 figures, regional trade exports are focused primarily towards North America, Western Europe, and the Newly Industrializing Economies of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. Imports come principally from North America, the ASEAN nations, and the People's Republic of China.

Demographics

In 2002, the census recorded a population of 873,885 in Saga. Of these, 15.9% were aged 0–14, 62.7% were aged 15–64, and 21.4% were over 65 years old. There were 3,596 foreigners and 307 exchange students living in the prefecture.

Education