Mangan district

Mangan district, formerly known as North Sikkim district, is a district of the Indian state of Sikkim. Its district headquarters is Mangan. It is the seventh least populous district in the country.

Geography

Mangan is the largest of the six districts of Sikkim. The landscape is mountainous with dense vegetation all the way up to the alpine altitude before thinning out to desert scrub towards the northern tundra. Numerous waterfalls astride the main road make the trip to this district extremely picturesque.
The most prominent effect of the steepness of the valleys is the prevalence of landslides that at times drop debris anything between carrying devastation along their course. Most of them are caused either by melting snow beds on top of the mountains or by erosive action of monsoon rains.
Most of the people of the state reside near Mangan, the district headquarters which is about above sea level. Further north the elevation increases with the vegetation turning from temperate to alpine to tundra. Temperatures range from about to below in the extreme high reaches where the altitude is in excess of. Kanchenjunga is the highest peak at over, straddling its western border with Nepal and can be seen clearly from the town of Singhik.

Assembly constituencies

Since 2002, the district has been divided into three assembly constituencies.

Mangan is known as the Large Cardamom Capital of the world. The climate and terrain best suit the cultivation of the larger variety of Cardamom here.
The region has many power projects and enjoys almost uninterrupted electricity. The steep gradient and the innumerable lakes on the higher reaches facilitate ideal conditions for generation of hydro electric power.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named North Sikkim one of the country's 250 most backward districts. It is the only district in Sikkim currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme.

Tourism

Most of North Sikkim is restricted to travellers and permits are needed to visit these areas. The area, which shares a sensitive border with the People's Republic of China is heavily patrolled by the Indian army. However, owing to the natural environment and scenery, a large number of tourists have started visiting the region. Often unregulated tourism becomes a conservation issue in fragile ecosystem such as high mountains.

Divisions

Administrative divisions

North Sikkim is divided into two sub-divisions:

Name	Headquarters	Number of villages	Population	Area	Location
Chungthang	Chungthang	9	10,038	3,285
Mangan	Mangan	46	33,671	941

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Mangan district has a population of 43,709, roughly equal to the nation of Liechtenstein. This gives it a ranking of 634th in India. The district has a population density of. Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 5.66%. North Sikkim has a sex ratio of 769 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 77.39%. 10.62% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 2.25% and 65.70% of the population respectively.
The people are mainly of Lepcha and Bhutia descent. Other groups include the Tibetan community. It also has one of the lowest populated regions of the state.

Religion

Buddhism is followed by majority of the people in Mangan district. Hinduism followed by a considerable population.

Languages

At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 31.71% of the population in the district spoke Lepcha, 23.24% Nepali, 14.41% Sikkimese, 8.51% Limbu, 6.40% Hindi, 3.63% Sherpa, 2.56% Tamang, 1.75% Punjabi, 1.62% Bhojpuri, 1.22% Rai and 1.08% Bengali as their first language.

Transport

Roads are in a poor condition owing to the frequent landslides.

Flora and fauna

North Sikkim is home to the red panda, a vulnerable species. This animal is the pride of Sikkim and is also the State Animal. It is generally found between heights of 2000 m to 4000 m. It is as big as a domestic Siamese cat, has a triangular shaped face with a stripe on its cheek, with red fur and black eyes. It has a sprinkling of white on its back and chest. The tail is bushy, black or brown in colour and long like that of a skunk. They generally live on treetops.
In 1977 North Sikkim district became home to Khangchendzonga National Park, which has an area of. It shares the park with West Sikkim district. It is also home to the Shingba Wildlife Sanctuary, which was established in 1984 and has an area of.

Important Towns and Cities

Mangan
Chungthang
Lachen
Lachung
Phodong
Dikchu