List of phytochemicals in food

[Terpenoid]s (isoprenoids)

[Carotenoid]s ([tetraterpenoid]s)

''[Carotene]s''

• α-Carotene – to vitamin A: carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange
• β-Carotene – to vitamin A: dark, leafy greens, red, orange and yellow fruits and vegetables.
• γ-Carotene - to vitamin A
• δ-Carotene
• ε-carotene
• Lycopene: Vietnamese Gac, tomatoes, grapefruit, watermelon, guava, apricots, carrots, autumn olive.
• Neurosporene: tomato, pink grapefruit,watermelon
• Phytofluene: star fruit, sweet potato, orange
• Phytoene: sweet potato, orange

''[Xanthophyll]s''

• Canthaxanthin: paprika, mushrooms, crustaceans, fish and eggs.
• β-Cryptoxanthin to vitamin A: mango, tangerine, orange, papaya, peaches, avocado, pea, grapefruit, kiwi
• Zeaxanthin: wolfberry, spinach, kale, turnip greens, maize, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, orange
• Astaxanthin: microalgae, yeast, krill, shrimp, salmon, lobsters, and some crabs
• Lutein: spinach, turnip greens, romaine lettuce, eggs, red pepper, pumpkin, mango, papaya, oranges, kiwi, peaches, squash, brassicas, prunes, sweet potatoes, honeydew melon, rhubarb, plum, avocado, pear, cilantro
• Rubixanthin: rose hip

[Triterpenoid]s

• Saponins: soybeans, beans, other legumes, maize, alfalfa
• Oleanolic acid: American pokeweed, honey mesquite, garlic, java apple, cloves, and many other Syzygium species
• Ursolic acid: apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, elder flower, peppermint, lavender, oregano, thyme, hawthorn, prunes
• Betulinic acid: Ber tree, white birch, winged beans, tropical carnivorous plants Triphyophyllum peltatum, Ancistrocladus heyneanus, Diospyros leucomelas a member of the persimmon family, Tetracera boiviniana, the jambul, chaga, and many other Syzygium species
• Moronic acid: Rhus javanica, mistletoe

[Diterpene]s

• Cafestol: Coffea arabica in unfiltered form such as French press coffee or Turkish coffee/Greek coffee

[Monoterpene]s

• Limonene: oils of citrus, cherries, spearmint, dill, garlic, celery, maize, rosemary, ginger, basil
• Perillyl alcohol: citrus oils, hops, caraway, mints
• Thujones: oils of Thyme, Oregano, Sage, Mugwort, Juniper

[Steroid]s

• * Campesterol: buckwheat
• * beta Sitosterol avocado, rice bran, wheat germ, corn oils, fennel, peanuts, soybeans, hawthorn, basil, buckwheat
• * gamma sitosterol
• * Stigmasterol: buckwheat

Phenolic compounds

[Natural monophenol]s

• Apiole: parsley, celery leaf
• Carnosol: rosemary, sage
• Carvacrol: oregano, thyme, pepperwort, wild bergamot
• Dillapiole: dill, fennel root

[Polyphenol]s

[Flavonoid]s

• * Quercetin: red and yellow onions, tea, wine, apples, cranberries, buckwheat, beans, lovage
• * Kaempferol: tea, strawberries, gooseberries, cranberries, grapefruit, apples, peas, brassicates, chives, spinach, endive, leek, tomatoes
• * Myricetin: grapes, red wine, berries, walnuts
• * Fisetin: strawberries, cucumbers
• * Rutin: citrus fruits, oranges, lemons, limes, grapefruit, berries, peaches, apples, pagoda tree fruits, asparagus, buckwheat, parsley, tomatoes, apricots, rhubarb, tea
• * Isorhamnetin: red turnip, goldenrod, mustard leaf, ginkgo biloba, onion Flavanones
• * Hesperidin: citrus fruits
• * Naringenin: citrus fruits
• * Silybin: milk thistle
• * Eriodictyol: citrus fruits Flavones
• * Acacetin: Robinia pseudoacacia, Turnera diffusa
• * Apigenin chamomile, celery, parsley
• * Chrysin Passiflora caerulea, Pleurotus ostreatus, Oroxylum indicum
• * Diosmetin Vicia
• * Tangeritin tangerine and other citrus peels
• * Luteolin beets, artichokes, celery, carrots, celeriac, rutabaga, parsley, mint, chamomile, lemongrass, chrysanthemum Flavan-3-ols
• * Catechins white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, black-eyed peas
• ** -Catechin
• ** -Gallocatechin
• ** -Epicatechin
• ** -Epigallocatechin
• ** -Epigallocatechin gallate green tea
• ** -Epicatechin 3-gallate
• * Theaflavin black tea
• ** Theaflavin-3-gallate black tea
• * Thearubigins black tea
• * ProanthocyanidinsFlavanonolsAnthocyanidins and Anthocyanins red wine, many red, purple or blue fruits and vegetables
• * Pelargonidin bilberry, raspberry, strawberry
• * Peonidin bilberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach
• * Cyanidin red apple & pear, bilberry, blackcurrant, blackberry, blueberry, cherry, cranberry, peach, plum, hawthorn, loganberry, cocoa
• * Delphinidin bilberry, blackcurrant, blueberry, eggplant
• * Malvidin malve, bilberry, blueberry
• * Petunidin
• * Phycocyanin spirulina

[Isoflavonoid]s

• * Daidzein soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, kudzu, other legumes
• * Genistein soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, other legumes
• * Glycitein soy
• Isoflavanes
• Isoflavandiols
• Isoflavenes
• Pterocarpans or Coumestans
• Coumestrol red clover, alfalfa sprouts, soy, peas, brussels sprouts

[Flavonolignan]s

• Silymarin artichokes, milk thistle

[Lignan]s

• Matairesinol flax seed, sesame seed, rye bran and meal, oat bran, poppy seed, strawberries, blackcurrants, broccoli
• Secoisolariciresinol flax seeds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pumpkin, strawberries, blueberries, cranberries, zucchini, blackcurrant, carrots
• Pinoresinol and lariciresinol sesame seed, Brassica vegetables

[Stilbenoid]s

• Resveratrol grape, nuts, peanuts, Japanese Knotweed root
• Pterostilbene grapes, blueberries
• Pinosylvin

[Curcuminoid]s

• Curcumin turmeric, mustard

[Tannin]s

[Hydrolyzable tannin]s

• Ellagitannins
• * Punicalagins tea, berries
• * Castalagins
• * Vescalagins oak wood
• * Castalins
• * Casuarictins
• * Grandinins
• * Punicalins
• * Roburin As
• * Tellimagrandin IIs
• * Terflavin Bs
• Gallotannins
• *Digalloyl glucose
• *1,3,6-Trigalloyl glucose

  [Condensed tannin]s

• Proanthocyanidins horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum, cranberry juice, peanut skin, grape
• Polyflavonoid tannins
• Catechol-type tannins
• Pyrocatecollic type tannins
• Flavolans

  [Phlorotannin]s

[Flavono-ellagitannin]s

[Aromatic acid]

[Phenolic acid]s

• Salicylic acid peppermint, licorice, peanut, wheat
• Gallic acid tea, mango, strawberries, rhubarb, soy
• Ellagic acid walnuts, strawberries, cranberries, blackberries, guava, grapes

[Hydroxycinnamic acid]s

• Caffeic acid burdock, hawthorn, artichoke, pear, basil, thyme, oregano, apple, olive oil
• Chlorogenic acid echinacea, strawberries, pineapple, coffee, sunflower, blueberries
• Cinnamic acid cinnamon, aloe
• Ferulic acid oats, rice, artichoke, orange, pineapple, apple, peanut, açaí oil
• Coumarin citrus fruits, maize

[Phenylethanoid]s

• Tyrosol olive oil
• Hydroxytyrosol olive oil
• Oleocanthal olive oil
• Oleuropein olive oil

Others

• Capsaicin chilli peppers
• Gingerol ginger
• Alkylresorcinols wholegrain wheat, rye and barley
• Piperine

Glucosinolates

The precursor to [isothiocyanate]s

• Sinigrin broccoli family, brussels sprouts, black mustard
• Glucotropaeolin
• Gluconasturtiin
• Glucoraphanin brassicas: broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbages

Aglycone derivatives

• * Sulforaphane brassicas: broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, cabbages
• *Allyl isothiocyanate
• *Phenethyl Isothiocyanate
• *Benzyl Isothiocyanate
• Oxazolidine-2-thiones
• Nitriles
• Thiocyanates

Organosulfides/ Organosulfur compounds

• Sulfides
• * Diallyl disulfide garlic, onions, leeks, chives, shallots
• Alliin garlic
• Allyl isothiocyanate horseradish, mustard, wasabi
• Syn-propanethial-S-oxide cut onions

[Indoles]

• Indole-3-carbinol cabbage, kale, brussels sprouts, rutabaga, mustard greens, broccoli
• 3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM broccoli family, brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale
• Indole-3-acetic acid Commonly occurring plant hormone, a part of the auxin family.

[Betalain]s

• Betacyanins beets, chard, Amaranthus tricolor
• * betanin
• * isobetanin
• * probetanin
• * neobetanin
• Betaxanthins
• * Indicaxanthin beets, sicilian prickly pear
• * Vulgaxanthin beets

[Chlorophyll]s

• Chlorophyllin: Dark green leafy vegetables like spinach

Other organic acids

• Saturated cyclic acids
• * Phytic acid: cereals, nuts, sesame seeds, soybeans, wheat, pumpkin, beans, almonds
• * Quinic acid
• Oxalic acid: orange, spinach, rhubarb, tea and coffee, banana, ginger, almond, sweet potato, bell pepper
• Tartaric acid: apricots, apples, sunflower, avocado, grapes, tamarind
• Anacardic acid: cashews, mangoes
• Malic acid: apples
• Caftaric acid: grapes
• Coutaric acid: grapes
• Fertaric acid

[Amine]s

• Betanin: beetroot

[Carbohydrates]

[Monosaccharide]s

• Hexose: wheat, barley
• Pentose: rye, oat

[Polysaccharide]s

• Beta-glucan
• *Chitin: fungi includes other edible mushrooms
• *Lentinan: fruit body of shiitake and other edible mushrooms
• Fructan
• *Inulins: diverse plants, e.g. topinambour, chicory
• Lignin: stones of fruits, vegetables, cereals
• Pectins: fruit skin, vegetables

Protease inhibitors

• Protease inhibitors: soybean, seeds, legumes, potatoes, eggs, cereals