List of monarchs of Java
This is a partial list of the identified hereditary rulers on the Indonesian island Java, and the adjacent island Madura.
Included are some states and rulers whose existence remain open to conjecture, due to inadequate historical evidence, while others are historically verifiable. Some rulers are also considered to be mythical in that although evidence is available to claim their places in various royal family trees, there are no independent items of corroborating evidence to clarify their existence.
Some of these have continued as titular entities after the achievement of Indonesian independence in 1945.
Ruler of JawadwipaKrom (1931), pp. 61–62.
- Dewawarman
Rulers of [Tarumanagara]Krom (1931), pp. 77–83.
- Pinabahu
- Purnawarman
- Po Tuo Jia
- Dwarawarman
Rulers of Sunda">Sunda Kingdom">SundaKrom (1931), pp. 470, 472; Atja & Saleh (1981).
- Jayabhupati
- Prabu Maharaja Wangsa
- Hyang Bunisora
- Prabu Niskalawastu Kancana
- Rahyang Dewa Niskala
- Sri Baduga Maharaja
- Prabu Surawisesa
- Prabu Ratudewata
- Sang Ratu Saksi
- Tohaan di Majaya
- Nusiya Mulya
- ''The Sunda Kingdom was conquered by Banten''
Rulers of ancient [Java]Jordaan (1993); Coedès (1968); Krom (1931).
- Queen Shima
- Sanna
- Sanjaya (Sang Ratu i Halu)
- Rakai Panangkaran
- Rakai Panungalan
- Samaragrawira (Rakai Warak Dyah Manara)
- Dyah Gula
- Rakai Patapan
- Rakai Pikatan
- Kayuwangi Dyah Lokapala
- Dyah Tagwas
- Rake Panumwangan Dyah Dewendra
- Rake Gurunwangi Dyah Bhadra
- Rake Wungkal Humalang Dyah Jbang
- Rake Watukara, Balitung
- Rake Hino, Daksa
- Rakai Layang, Tulodong
- Rake Pangkaya, Wawa
- Rake Hino, Sindok
- Śri Iśanatunggawijaya
- Makutawamśa Anantawikrama
- Dharmawamśa Anantawikrama
- Airlangga 1019–1042; died 1049
- ''The Javanese kingdom is split into Janggala and Kediri''
[Shailendra dynasty]De Casparis (1950), p. 133.
- Bhanu
- Wishnu, Dharmatungga
- Indra, Sangramadhanamjaya
- Samaratungga
- Balaputradewa
- ''The dynasty continues to rule Śriwijaya on Sumatra''
Rulers in ancient [East Java]Krom (1931), p. 470.
- Dewasimha
- Gajayana
- Anana
Rulers of [Janggala]Poesponegoro & Notosusanto, Vol. II (1993), pp. 257–265.
- Mapanji Garasakan
- Mapanji Alanjung Ahyes
- Samarotsaha
Rulers of Kediri">Kediri (historical kingdom)">KediriPoesponegoro & Notosusanto, Vol. II (1993), p. 265-80; Coedès (1968); Krom (1931), p. 272–301.
- Samarawijaya
- Jyitêndrakara
- Bameśwara
- Jayabhaya
- Sarwweśwara
- Aryyeśwara
- Kroncaryyadipa, Gandra
- Kameśwara
- Kertajaya, Dangdang Gendis
- Kediri is taken over by Singasari 1222–1292
- Jayakatwang
Rulers of [Singhasari]Krom (1931), p. 471; De Graaf (1949), p. 480.
- Ken Angrok, Rajasa
- Anuśapati, Panji Anengah
- Panji Tohjaya
- Ranggawuni, Wisnuwardhana
- Kertanagara, Siwabuddha
- Jayakatwang
- ''Singasari is incorporated into Majapahit''
Rulers of [Majapahit]De Graaf (1949), p. 480; Noorduyn (1978); Krom (1931), p. 471.
- Kertarajasa (Raden Wijaya)
- Jayanagara (Kala Gemet)
- Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi
- Rajasanagara (Hayam Wuruk)
- Wikramawardhana (Bhre Hyang Wiśesa)
- Suhita
- Kertawijaya
- Rajasawardhana
- Giriśawardhana
- Singhawikramawardhana
- Girindrawardhana Ranawijaya
- Bhatara Wijaya
- Patih Udara
- ''Majapahit is conquered by Demak''
Rulers of [Blambangan]Arifin (1995); De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 192–198.
- Mas Sembar or Minak Sembar
- Bima Koncar/Minak Sumedhe
- Menak Pentor
- Santaguna
- N.N.
- N.N.
- Mas Karian
- Sunan Tawangalun I
- Prabhu Tawangalun II
- Pangeran Pati
- Mancanagara and Sasranegara
- Mancanapura
- Pangeran Putra
- Danuningrat
- Pangeran Wilis
- ''Blambangan was conquered by the Dutch [East India Company]''
Rulers of Demak">Demak Sultanate">DemakDe Graaf (1949), p. 481; De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 34–85.
- Pate Rodim I
- Pate Rodim II
- Pate Unus
- Pate Rodim II
- Sunan Prawata
- Pangeran Kediri
- Pangeran Mas Juruh
Rulers of [Pajang]De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 206–219.
- Jaka Tingkir
- Pangeran Benawa I
- Pangeran Benawa II
- ''Pajang was merged into Mataram''
Rulers of Giri">Giri Kedaton">Giri (in [Gresik])De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 137–155; Truhart (2003), p. 1237.
- Prabhu Satmata
- Sunan Dalem
- Sunan Seda Margi
- Sunan Prapen
- Panembahan Kawis Gua
- Panembahan Agung
- Panembahan Mas Witana
- ''Giri was taken by Mataram and the Dutch East India Company''
Rulers of [Surabaya]De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 156–168; Truhart (2003), p. 1235.
- Kyai Sinuhun Ngampeldenta
- Pecat Tanda Terung
- Pangeran Tundungmusuh
- Pangeran Lena
- Pangeran Jebuk
- Pangeran Wanakrama
- Panembahan Rama
- Pangeran Surabaya
- Pangeran Sunjaya
- Raden Jayalengkara
- ''Surabaya conquered by Mataram''
Rulers of [Pasuruan]De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 179–184.
- Menak Sepetak
- Adipati Dengkol
- Adipati Pekik
- Ki Gede Kapulungan
- Pasuruan conquered by Mataram in 1616 or 1617
- Surapati, Wiranegara I
- Wiranegara II
- ''Pasuruan is conquered by the Dutch East India Company''
Rulers of [Tuban]De Graaf & Pigeaud (1974), pp. 130–136; Truhart (2003), p. 1236.
- Kyai Arya Papringan
- Raden Arya Rangga Lawe
- Sira Lawe
- Raden Arya Sira Weneng
- Sira Lena
- Raden Arya Dikara
- Arya Teja
- Raden Arya Wilatikta
- Kyai Arya Ngrasena
- Kyai Arya Gegelang
- Kyai Arya Batubang
- Pangeran Arya Balewot
- Pangeran Sekar Tanjung
- Pangeran Ngangsar
- Pangeran Arya Pamalad
- Arya Salempe
- Pangeran Dalem
- ''Tuban is conquered by Mataram''
Rulers of Cirebon">Sultanate of Cirebon">Cirebon
- Sunan Gunungjati born named Pangeran Syarief Hidayatullah
- Panembahan Ratu
- Pangeran Giri Laya
- ''Cirebon is split into the Kraton Kasepuhan, Kraton Kanoman and Kraton Kacirebonan lines''
Rulers of Cirebon, [Kraton Kasepuhan]Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
- Sultan Sepuh I Syamsuddin
- Sultan Sepuh II Jamaluddin
- Sultan Sepuh III Muhammad Zainuddin
- Sultan Sepuh IV Muhammad Zainuddin
- Sultan Sepuh V Sapiuddin
- Sultan Sepuh VI
- Sultan Sepuh VII Joharuddin
- Sultan Sepuh VIII Syamsuddin
- Titular sultans of Kraton Kasepuhan since 1819
- Sultan Sepuh IX Raja Syamsuddin
- Sultan Sepuh X Raja Dipati Satria
- Pangeran Jayawikarta
- Sultan Sepuh XI Raja Atmaja
- Sultan Sepuh XII Raja Aluda Tajularifin
- Sultan Sepuh XIII Raja Rajaningrat
- Sultan Sepuh XIV Pangeran Raja Adipati Maulana Pakuningrat
- Sultan Sepuh XV Arif Natadiningrat
Rulers of Cirebon, [Kraton Kanoman]Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
- Sultan Anom I Badruddin
- Sultan Anom II
- Sultan Anom III Muhammad Alimuddin
- Sultan Anom IV Khairuddin
- Sultan Anom V Imanuddin
- Sultan Anom VI Muhammad Kamaruddin
- Titular sultans of Kraton Kanoman since 1819
- Sultan Anom VII Muhammad Kamaruddin
- Pangeran Raja Kaprabon
- Sultan Anom VIII Raja Dulkarnain
- Sultan Anom IX Nurbuat
- Sultan Anom X Muhammad Nurus
- Sultan Anom XI Muhammad Jalaluddin
- Sultan Anom XII Muhammad Saladin
- Sultan Anom XIII Muhammad Emiruddin
Rulers of Cirebon, Panembahan lineStokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
- Panembahan Cirebon I Muhammad Nasruddin
- Panembahan Cirebon II Muhammad Muhyiddin
- Panembahan Cirebon III Muhammad Tair Yarini Sabirin
Rulers of Cirebon, [Kraton Kacirebonan]Stokvis (1888); Sulendraningrat (1985); Sunardjo (1996), p. 81.
- Pangeran Arya Cirebon, Kamaruddin
- Sultan Cirebon I Muhammad Akbaruddin
- Sultan Cirebon II Muhammad Salihuddin
- Sultan Cirebon III Muhammad Harruddin
- Sultan Cirebon IV
Rulers of Banten">Banten Sultanate">BantenHall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis (1888); Truhart (2003), pp. 1228–1229.
- Hasanuddin
- Maulana Yusuf
- Maulana Muhammad
- Sultan Abdul Qadir
- Sultan Abu’lma’ali Ahmad
- Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Abu’l Fatah
- Sultan Haji, Abdulkahar
- Abu’l Fadhl Muhammad Yahya
- Abu’l Mahasin Muhammad Zainulabidin
- Abu’l Fatah Muhammad Syafei
- Ratu Syarifah Fatima
- Abu’lma’ali Muhammad Wasi al-Halimin
- Abu Nazar Muhammad Arif Zainal Asyekin
- Abu’l Mofakhir Muhammad Aliuddin I
- Abu’l Fath Muhammad Muhyuddin
- Abu Nazar Muhammad Isyak
- Abu’l Mofakhir Muhammad Aliuddin II
- Muhammad Tsafiuddin
- Pangeran Ahmad
- Muhammad Muhyuddin
- Muhammad Rafiuddin
Rulers of Mataram">Mataram Sultanate">MataramTruhart (2003), p. 1230–1231; Hall (1981), p. 972; Stokvis (1888).
- Kyai Gede Pamanahan
- Panembahan Senapati Ingalaga
- Panembahan Seda ing Krapyak
- Sultan Agung
- Amangkurat I
- Amangkurat II
- Amangkurat III
- Pakubuwono I
- Amangkurat IV
- Pakubuwono II
- Amangkurat V
- Pakubuwono II
- Pakubuwono III
- ''Mataram was split into Surakarta and Yogyakarta''
Rulers of Surakarta">Surakarta Sunanate">Surakarta
- Pakubuwono II
- Pakubuwono III
- Pakubuwono IV
- Pakubuwono V
- Pakubuwono VI
- Pakubuwono VII
- Pakubuwono VIII
- Pakubuwono IX
- Pakubuwono X
- Pakubuwono XI
- Pakubuwono XII
- Pakubuwono XIII
Rulers of Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta Sultanate">Yogyakarta
- Hamengkubuwono I
- Hamengkubuwono II
- Hamengkubuwono III
- Hamengkubuwono II
- Hamengkubuwono III
- Hamengkubuwono IV
- Hamengkubuwono V
- Hamengkubuwono II
- Hamengkubuwono V
- Hamengkubuwono VI
- Hamengkubuwono VII
- Hamengkubuwono VIII
- Hamengkubuwono IX
- Hamengkubuwono X
Rulers of [Mangkunegaran]De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Truhart (2003), pp. 1233–1234.
- Mangkunegara I
- Mangkunegara II
- Mangkunegara III
- Mangkunegara IV
- Mangkunegara V
- Mangkunegara VI
- Mangkunegara VII
- Mangkunegara VIII
- Mangkunegara IX
- Mangkunegara X
Rulers of [Pakualaman]De Graaf (1949), p. 483; Selayang pandang (1990); Truhart (2003), p. 1234.
- Paku Alam I
- Paku Alam II
- Paku Alam III
- Paku Alam IV
- Paku Alam V
- Paku Alam VI
- Paku Alam VII
- Paku Alam VIII
- Paku Alam IX
- Paku Alam X
Rulers of KalibawangStokvis (1888).
- Mangkudiningrat
- Pangeran Adipati Natapraja
- ''Incorporated into Yogyakarta''
Ruler of NangulanStokvis (1888).
- Pangeran Prabu Adiningrat
- ''Brought under Dutch direct rule''
Rulers of [Bangkalan]Sutherland (1973-1974).
- Raden Lembu Peteng
- Arya Menger
- Arya Pratikel
- Arya Pojok
- Ki Demung
- Ki Pragalba
- Raden Pratanu
- Raden Kara
- Pangeran Mas
- Cakraningrat I
- Raden Demang Malaya Kusuma
- Cakraningrat II
- Cakraningrat III
- Cakraningrat IV
- Cakraningrat V
- Cakraningrat VI
- Cakraningrat VII
- Cakraningrat VIII
- Cakraningrat IX
- Cakraningrat X
- Cakraningrat XI
- Regents of Bangkalan 1885-1957
- Suryanegara
- Cakraningrat XII
- Muhammad Aziz Cakraningrat XIII
- R. A. Muhammad Ruslan
Rulers of Sumenep">Duchy of Sumenep">SumenepNagtegaal (1995); Werdisastra (1996).
- Raden Tumenggung Kanduruwan
- Pangeran Ellor I
- Pangeran Wetan
- Pangeran Ellor II
- Kyai Mas Anggadipa
- Arya Yang Pati
- Yudanegara
- Pulang Jiwa
- Cakranegara I
- Suderma
- Cakranegara II
- Cakranegara III
- Bendara Saud
- Tirtanegara
- Natadiningrat
- Sultan Paku Nataningrat
- Natakusuma
- Pangeran Pakunataningrat
- Pangeran Arya Prataming Kusuma
- Tumenggung Arya Prabuwinata
Rulers of [Pamekasan]Nagtegaal (1996); Sutherland (1973-1974).
- Adikara I
- Adikara II
- Adikara III
- Adikara IV
- Adiningrat
- Aria Cakraadiningrat I, R. Alsari
- Aria Cakraadiningrat II, R. Alsana
- Panembahan Mangku Adiningrat
- Pangeran Aria Suriakusuma