List of missions to comets


As of 2024, the United States, the Soviet Union, Japan, and the European Space Agency have conducted missions to comets.

List of missions

SpacecraftLaunch dateOperatorCometMissionOutcomeRemarksCarrier rocket
ICE
NASA
United States / ESA
21P/Giacobini–ZinnerFlybyExtended mission; Closest approach of at 11:02 UTC on 11 September 1985. Also made distant observations of 1P/Halley in May 1986.Delta 2914
Vega 1
Soviet Union1P/HalleyFlybyFlew past Halley after visiting Venus; closest approach at 07:20:06 UTC on 6 March 1986.Proton-K/D-1
Vega 2
Soviet Union1P/HalleyFlybyFlew past Halley after visiting Venus; closest approach at 07:20 UTC on 9 March 1986.Proton-K/D-1
Sakigake
ISAS
Japan
1P/HalleyFlybyClosest approach of 6.99 million kilometres at 04:18 UTC on 11 March 1986.Mu-3S-II
Giotto ESA1P/HalleyFlybyClosest approach of at 00:03:02 UTC on 14 March 1986.Ariane 1
Giotto ESA26P/Grigg–SkjellerupFlybyExtended mission. Closest approach of at 15:30 UTC on 10 July 1992.Ariane 1
Suisei
ISAS
Japan
1P/HalleyFlybyClosest approach of at 13:06 UTC on 8 March 1986Mu-3S-II
Suisei
ISAS
Japan
21P/Giacobini–ZinnerFlybyExtended mission, spacecraft ran out of fuel en route; flyby had been scheduled for 24 November 1998Mu-3S-II
Deep Space 1 NASA
United States
FlybySpacecraft was unable to reach Wilson–Harrington due to ion engine operation being suspended while a problem with the probe's star tracker was investigated.Delta II 7326
Deep Space 1 NASA
United States
19P/BorrellyFlybyExtended missionDelta II 7326
Stardust
NASA
United States
81P/WildFlybyDelta II 7426
Stardust
NASA
United States
81P/WildSample returnDelta II 7426
Stardust
NASA
United States
9P/TempelFlybyExtended mission, Stardust-NExT, to survey crater caused by Deep ImpactDelta II 7426
CONTOUR
NASA
United States
2P/EnckeFlybyDelta II 7425
CONTOUR
NASA
United States
FlybyDelta II 7425
CONTOUR
NASA
United States
6P/d'ArrestFlybyFlyby provisionally scheduled at time of spacecraft's failureDelta II 7425
RosettaESA67P/Churyumov–GerasimenkoOrbiterEntered orbit around 67P at 09:06 UTC on 6 August 2014. On 30 September 2016 mission ended in an attempt to slow land on the comet's surface near a 130 m wide pit called Deir el-Medina.Ariane 5G+
PhilaeESA / DLR
Germany
67P/Churyumov–GerasimenkoLanderCarried by Rosetta. Came to rest on the surface of 67P at 17:32 UTC on 12 November 2014. Communications ceased with the loss of battery power at 00:36 UTC on 15 November 2014 and the lander began hibernating. Reactivated on solar power and briefly established contact with ground control again at 20:28 UTC on 13 June 2015, and sporadically until 9 July 2015 when the last communication was received.Ariane 5G+
Deep Impact
NASA
United States
9P/TempelFlybyDelta II 7925
Deep Impact
NASA
United States
9P/TempelImpactorImpact occurred at 05:52 UTC on 4 July 2005.Delta II 7925
Deep Impact
NASA
United States
103P/HartleyFlybyExtended mission Delta II 7925
Tianwen-2CNSA
China
311P/PanSTARRSOrbiterScheduled for arrival in 2035Long March 3B