List of genetic hybrids

Nomenclature

Animals

Phylum Chordata

• Class Chondrichthyes
• * Order Carcharhiniformes
• ** Family Carcharhinidae
• *** Genus Carcharhinus
• **** A group of about 50 hybrids between Australian blacktip shark and the larger common blacktip shark was found by Australia's East Coast in 2012. This is the only known case of hybridization in sharks.
• Class Actinopterygii
• * Order Acipenseriformes
• ** In 2020 hybrids were announced from different families of fish, American paddlefish and Russian sturgeon. Accidentally created by Hungarian scientists, they are dubbed "sturddlefish".
• * Order Cichliformes
• ** Family Cichlidae
• *** Blood parrot cichlid, which is probably created by breeding a redhead cichlid and a Midas cichlid or red devil cichlid. It was bred in 1986 in Taiwan.
• *** Flowerhorn cichlid, a hybrid that was created in 1993 by breeding a red devil cichlid and a three spot cichlid.
• *Order Perciformes
• **Family Centrarchidae
• ***Subfamily Lepominae
• ****Genus Lepomis
• *****Greengill sunfish, a hybrid between a bluegill and green sunfish.
• *****Pumpkinseed x bluegill sunfish, a hybrid between a pumpkinseed and a bluegill.
• Class Amphibia
• * Order Urodela
• ** Family Ambystomatidae
• *** Genus Ambystoma
• **** In 2007 hybrids of a California tiger salamander and a barred tiger salamander were discovered to be able to survive easier than their parent species.
• Class Reptilia
• * Order Squamata
• ** Suborder Anguimorpha
• *** Family Varanidae
• **** Genus Varanus
• ***** Subgenus Varanus
• ****** Hybrid between Varanus panoptes horni and Varanus gouldii flavirufus.
• ** Superfamily Lacertoidea
• *** Family Teiidae
• **** Hybrid between Aspidoscelis exsanguis and Aspidoscelis inornatus.
• ** Infraorder Alethinophidia
• *** Family Pythonidae
• **** Hybrids between the yellow ball python and the woma python.
• **** Hybrids between the ball python and the Borneo short-tailed python.
• **** The hybrid Borneo bat eater, between a Burmese python and reticulated python, can be further hybridized with another reticulated python.
• **** Hybrids between Ball python and reticulated python.
• **** Genus Python
• ***** Around 2018, 13 hybrids of Burmese pythons and Indian pythons among 400 invasive Burmese pythons studied in South Florida were found by the United States Geological Survey.
• *** Family Boidae
• **** Hybrids between Columbian boa and yellow anaconda.
• **** Genus Corallus
• ***** Hybrid between emerald tree boa and Amazon tree boa.
• *** Family Colubridae
• **** A fertile cross between a king snake and a corn snake. One example is a cross between a California kingsnake and a corn snake called the "jungle corn snake".
• **** Genus Lampropeltis
• ***** A fertile cross between a California kingsnake and Pueblan milk snake is called an "imperial Pueblan milk snake".
• ***** A fertile cross between a California kingsnake and whitesided black rat snake.
• ***** L. triangulum
• ***** A fertile cross between an imperial Pueblan milk snake and Honduran milk snake.
• Infraorder Gekkota
• * Family Diplodactylidae
• ** Hybrid of chahoua gecko and crested gecko.
• * Order Crocodilia
• ** Family Crocodylidae
• *** Genus Crocodylus
• **** Hybridization between the endemic Cuban crocodile and the widely distributed American crocodile is causing conservation problems for the former species as a threat to its genetic integrity.
• **** Saltwater crocodiles have mated with Siamese crocodiles in captivity producing offspring which in a number of cases have grown over in length. It is likely that wild hybridization occurred historically in parts of southeast Asia.
• * Order Testudines
• ** Suborder Cryptodira
• *** Superfamily Chelonioidea
• **** Family Cheloniidae
• ***** A hybrid between a hawksbill sea turtle and loggerhead sea turtle.
• *** Superfamily Testudinoidea
• **** Family Testudinidae
• ***** A hybrid between a sulcata tortoise and leopard tortoise.
• **** Family Emydidae
• ***** Subfamily Deirochelyinae
• ****** Hybrid between red-eared slider and Ouachita map turtle.
• ****** Genus Trachemys
• ******* Species T. scripta
• ******** The hybrid between a red-eared slider and a yellow-bellied slider.
• Class Mammalia
• * Clade Eomarsupialia
• ** Order Diprotodontia
• *** Suborder Macropodiformes
• **** Family Macropodidae
• ***** Macropod hybrids of various combinations had been reported.
• * Clade Euungulata
• ** Order Perissodactyla
• *** Suborder Hippomorpha
• **** Family Equidae – Equid hybrids
• ***** Horses can breed with Przewalski's horse to produce fertile hybrids.
• ***** Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey.
• ***** Hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Mules and hinnies are examples of reciprocal hybrids.
• ***** Kunga, a cross between a donkey and a Syrian wild ass.
• ***** Hybrids between Przewalski's horses and domestic horses are fertile, with 65 chromosomes.
• ***** Zebroids
• ****** Zeedonk or zonkey, a zebra/donkey cross.
• ****** Zorse, a zebra/horse cross
• ****** Zony or zetland, a zebra/pony cross
• *** Superfamily Rhinocerotoidea
• **** Family Rhinocerotidae
• ***** Hybrids between black and white rhinoceroses have been recognized.
• * Order Artiodactyla
• ** Family Bovidae – Bovid hybrids
• *** Subfamily Bovinae
• **** Dzo, zo or yakow; a cross between a domestic cow/bull and a yak.
• **** Beefalo, a cross of an American bison and a domestic cow. This is a fertile breed; this, along with mitochondrial DNA evidence, has led bison to occasionally be classified in the genus Bos.
• **** Żubroń, a hybrid between wisent and domestic cow.
• **** Yakalo, a hybrid between a bison and a yak.
• **** Fertile hybrids between bongos and sitatungas have occurred in captivity.
• **** Hybrids between other antelope species, including gazelles, such as the blackbuck and goitered gazelle, have also occurred.
• **** Hybrids between the African buffalo subspecies, the Lake Chad buffalo and African forest buffalo can occur on forest/savannah margins.
• **** Wild water buffalo and domestic water buffalo can hybridize freely.
• **** Hybrids between wild and domestic yaks.
• **** Banteng, Bali cattle, gayal and gaur have been known to hybridize with each other and with domestic cattle.
• *** Subfamily Caprinae
• **** Hybrids between mouflon and sheep, are referred to as Corsican sheep.
• **** Sheep-goat hybrids, such as the toast of Botswana.
• **** Hybrids between Barbary sheep, also called aoudads, and domestic goats, have also been produced. Hybridization of Barbary sheep and goats have produced live, fertile female hybrids, and these hybrids can even backcross with rams.
• **** Hybrids between Alpine ibexes and wild and domestic goats.
• ** Family Camelidae
• *** Cama, a cross between a male dromedary and a female llama, also an intergeneric hybrid.
• *** Dromedary and Bactrian camels can crossbreed and produce a one large-humped Hybrid camel.
• *** Huarizo, a cross between a male llama and a female alpaca.
• ** Infraorder Cetacea
• *** Family Balaenopteridae
• **** Hybrids between blue and fin whales have been recorded.
• **** At least one hybrids between a blue whale and a humpback whale was attributed to marine biologist Michael Poole.
• *** Family Delphinidae
• **** Wholphin, a fertile but rare cross between a false killer whale and a bottlenose dolphin.
• **** In 2014, DNA analysis showed the clymene dolphin to be a naturally occurring hybrid species descended from the spinner dolphin and the striped dolphin.
• *** Family Monodontidae
• **** In 2019, a "narluga" hybrid of a male beluga and a female narwhal was confirmed by DNA analysis.
• * Order Carnivora
• ** Infraorder Arctoidea
• *** Family Ursidae
• **** Ursid hybrids, such as the grizzly-polar bear hybrid, occur between all species except for the giant panda.
• ** Suborder Feliformia
• *** Family Felidae ; various other wild cat crosses are known involving the lynx, bobcat, leopard, serval, etc.
• **** Pumapard, a hybrid between a cougar and a leopard.
• ***** Subfamily Felinae
• ****** Savannah cats are the hybrid cross between an African serval cat and a domestic cat
• ****** Bengal cat, a cross between the Asian leopard cat and the domestic cat, one of multiple hybrids between the domestic cat and wild cat species. The domestic cat, African wildcat and European wildcat may be considered variant populations of the same species, making such crosses non-hybrids.
• ****** Serengeti, a hybrid crossbreed of a Bengal and an Oriental Shorthair.
• ****** Chausie, a hybrid between a jungle cat and domestic cat.
• ****** Kellas cat, a hybrid between a Scottish wildcat and domestic cat.
• ****** Kanaani cat, a hybrid between an African wildcat and domestic cat.
• **** Subfamily Pantherinae
• ***** Genus Panthera
• ****** Ligers and tigons and other Panthera hybrids such as the lijagulep.
• ****** Species P. tigris
• ******* A hybrid between a Bengal tiger and a Siberian tiger is an example of an intra-specific hybrid.
• ** Family Canidae
• *** Fertile canid hybrids occur between coyotes, wolves, dingoes, jackals and domestic dogs.
• *** Hybrids of unknown fertility can occur between South American foxes of the Lycalopex genus and domestic dogs.
• ** Family Mustelidae
• *** Polecat–ferret hybrids and polecat–mink hybrids.
• * Order Primates
• ** Suborder Haplorhini
• *** Infraorder Simiiformes
• **** Family Hominidae
• ***** Genus Pongo
• ****** Hybrid orangutan, a hybrid between either three of the orangutan species, a Bornean orangutan, Tapanuli orangutan or Sumatran orangutan. Subspecies of Bornean orangutan have also occurred in captivity.
• **** Genus Pan
• ***** Common chimpanzees had been known to hybridize with bonobos in captivity and rarely in the wild. Chimpanzee subspecies are also known to have crossbred in captivity.
• ***** Genus Homo
• ****** Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
• ****** Humanzee, a hypothetical hybrid between a human and chimpanzee.
• ****** Humster, hybrid cell line made from a zona-free hamster oocyte fertilized with human sperm.
• ***** Genus Gorilla
• ****** Koolakamba, a proposed hybrid of a chimpanzee and gorilla.
• ** Strepsirrhini
• *** Family Lemuridae
• **** Black-and-white ruffed lemurs can hybridize with red ruffed lemurs.
• * Order Proboscidea
• ** Family Elephantidae
• *** At Chester Zoo in the United Kingdom, a cross between an African elephant and an Asian elephant. The male calf was named Motty. It died of intestinal infection after ten days.
• *** African forest elephants and African bush elephants are known to hybridize with each other where their ranges overlap. Evidence shows that they can form hybrid zones where their ranges overlap, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. Hybrids have been found to be fertile, and a significant number of elephants in hybrid zones, such as Kibale National Park in Uganda, show intermediate physical characteristics. While the two species were once thought to be reproductively isolated, recent studies have confirmed hybridization is more widespread than previously understood.
• *** Analysis of nuclear genomes reconstructed from ancient DNA indicates that members of the extinct elephant genus Palaeoloxodon, including the European straight-tusked elephant had significant introgressed ancestry from African forest elephants and to a lesser extent mammoths. Genetic evidence suggests that the North American Columbian mammoth was the result of hybrization between two different mammoth populations, with woolly mammoths and Columbian mammoths sometimes hybridizing during the Late Pleistocene in North America.
• Class Aves
• * Order Strigiformes
• ** Family Strigidae
• *** Genus Strix
• **** Hybrids between spotted owls and barred owls
• * Order Passeriformes
• ** The domestic canary has hybridized with other perching birds including the blue-black grassquit, the chestnut-capped blackbird, and the red fody. A fertile egg was made from the domestic canary and the chestnut-shouldered petronia but there has been no mention of hatched hybrids.
• ** The red-crested cardinal has hybridized between the northern cardinal, shiny cowbird, and chestnut-capped blackbird.
• ** The yellowhammer has hybridized with the European greenfinch and the European goldfinch, both of the family Fringillidae.
• ** The cut-throat has hybridized with the Eurasian linnet and the orange bishop.
• ** The "grue jay," the offspring of a male blue jay and a female green jay observed in Texas.
• ** Family Fringillidae
• *** Cagebird breeders sometimes breed hybrids between species of finch, such as goldfinch x canary. These birds are known as mules.
• * Order Psittacidae
• ** Subfamily Arinae
• *** Tribe Arini
• **** Numerous macaw hybrids are also known.
• * Order Accipitriformes
• ** Family Accipitridae
• *** Red kite and black kite: Hybrid events occur quite regularly in mainland Europe, with a hybrid zone existing in Central Europe where the two species ranges overlap. A single mating between a vagrant black kite and a native red kite, producing hatchlings which successfully fledged, was recorded in Scotland in 2006. Female F1 hybrids show reduced fertility.
• *** Red-shouldered hawk and black hawk : one and possibly two offspring produced naturally in Sonoma County, California, US.
• * Order Falconiformes
• ** Family Falconidae
• *** Genus Falco
• **** Hybrids between gyrfalcons and sakers are known
• * Order Anseriformes
• ** Family Anatidae
• *** The mulard duck, hybrid of the domestic Pekin duck and domesticated Muscovy ducks.
• *** Brewer's duck, hybrid of the mallard and gadwall.
• *** Genus Anas
• **** In Australia, New Zealand and other areas where the Pacific black duck occurs, it is hybridised by the much more aggressive introduced mallard. This is a concern to wildlife authorities throughout the affected area, as it is seen as genetic pollution of the black duck gene pool.
• *** Hybrids between Greylag goose and Canada goose.
• * Order Galliformes
• ** Gamebird hybrids, hybrids between gamebirds and domestic fowl, including chickens, guineafowl and peafowl, interfamilial hybrids.
• ** Family Phasianidae
• *** Genus Tetrao
• **** Western capercaillies are known to hybridise occasionally with black grouse and the closely related black-billed capercaillie.

Phylum [Arthropod]a

• Class Crustacea
• * Order Anostraca
• ** Family Artemiidae
• *** Genus Artemia
• **** Different species of brine shrimp in the genus Artemia have been bred with each other to create the Sea-Monkeys.
• Class Insecta
• * Order Blattodea
• ** Family Rhinotermitidae
• *** Genus Coptotermes
• **** The Asian termite and Formosan termite are an invasive hybrid in Florida.
• * Order Lepidoptera
• ** Family Nymphalidae
• *** Genus: Limenitis
• **** The white admiral and the viceroy can breed with each other and produce a hybrid known as a rubidus
• ** Family Pieridae
• *** Genus: Colias
• **** Colias eurytheme and C. philodice butterflies have enough genetic compatibility to produce viable hybrid offspring. Hybrid speciation may have produced Heliconius butterflies, but that is disputed.
• ** Family Papilionidae
• *** Genus Battus
• **** A hybrid is produced by a pipevine swallowtail mating with a goldrim swallowtail. As the ranges of these two species overlap, the hybrid can be encountered in nature.

Plants

• Clade Tracheophytes
• * Clade Angiosperms
• ** Clade Monocots
• *** Clade Commelinids
• **** Order Poales
• ***** Family Poaceae
• ****** Subfamily Pooideae
• ******* Supertribe Triticodae
• ******** Tribe Triticeae
• ********* Triticale, a grain crop, came from a cross of wheat and rye
• ** Clade Eudicots
• *** Clade Rosids
• **** Order Sapindales
• ***** Family Sapindaceae
• ****** In 1994, a hybrid was made between longan and lychee
• A list of plants that can hybridize under the same genus can be found here: List of plant hybrids