List of consonants
This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.
Ordered by [place of articulation]
[Labial consonant]s
[Bilabial consonant]s
- bilabial clicks e.g.
- bilabial nasal
- bilabial ejective
- voiced bilabial implosive
- voiceless bilabial plosive
- voiced bilabial plosive
- voiceless bilabial affricate
- voiced bilabial affricate
- voiceless bilabial fricative
- voiced bilabial fricative
- bilabial approximant
- bilabial trill
- bilabial percussive
[Labiodental consonant]s
- labiodental approximant
- labiodental nasal
- voiced labiodental fricative
- Voiced labiodental plosive
- Voiced labiodental affricate
- voiceless labiodental fricative
- voiceless rounded velarized labiodental fricative
- Voiceless labiodental plosive
- Voiceless labiodental affricate
[Bidental consonant]s
- voiceless bidental fricative
[Coronal consonant]s
[Dental consonant]s
- dental clicks e.g.
- dental lateral clicks e.g.
- dental ejective
- dental nasal
- voiced dental fricative
- voiced dental implosive
- voiced dental plosive
- voiceless bidental fricative
- voiceless dental fricative
- voiceless dental plosive
- bidental percussive
[Alveolar consonant]s
- alveolar lateral clicks e.g.
- alveolar approximant
- alveolar ejective
- alveolar ejective fricative
- alveolar flap
- alveolar lateral approximant
- alveolar lateral flap
- alveolar nasal
- alveolar trill
- velarized alveolar lateral approximant
- voiced alveolar fricative
- voiced alveolar implosive
- voiced alveolar lateral fricative
- voiced alveolar plosive
- voiced alveolar affricate
- voiceless alveolar grooved fricative
- voiceless alveolar retroflex fricative
- voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative
- voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
- voiceless alveolar plosive
- voiceless alveolar affricate
- voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
- ejective alveolar lateral affricate
- voiced alveolar lateral affricate
[Postalveolar consonant]s
- (post)alveolar clicks e.g.
- voiced palato-alveolar affricate
- voiced palato-alveolar fricative
- voiceless palato-alveolar affricate
- voiceless palato-alveolar fricative
Palatalized postalveolar consonants">Alveolo-palatal consonant">Palatalized postalveolar consonants
- voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative
- voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate
[Retroflex consonant]s
- retroflex clicks e.g.
- retroflex approximant
- retroflex flap
- retroflex lateral flap
- retroflex lateral approximant
- voiceless retroflex lateral fricative
- retroflex nasal
- voiced retroflex fricative
- voiced retroflex plosive
- voiced retroflex affricate
- voiceless retroflex fricative
- voiceless retroflex plosive
- voiceless retroflex affricate,
[Dorsal consonant]s
[Palatal consonant]s
- palatal clicks e.g.
- palatal approximant
- palatal ejective
- palatal lateral approximant
- voiceless palatal lateral fricative
- palatal nasal
- voiced palatal fricative
- voiced palatal implosive
- voiced palatal plosive
- voiceless palatal fricative
- voiceless palatal plosive
- voiceless palatal lateral affricate
- ejective palatal lateral affricate
Labialized palatal consonant">Labio-palatalization">Labialized palatal consonants
- labialized palatal approximant
[Velar consonant]s
- velar approximant
- velar ejective
- velar lateral approximant
- voiceless velar lateral fricative
- voiced velar fricative
- voiced velar implosive
- voiced velar plosive
- voiceless velar fricative
- voiceless velar plosive
- ejective velar lateral affricate
[Labialized velar consonant]s
- voiced labialized velar approximant
- voiceless labialized velar approximant
[Labial–velar consonant]s
- voiceless labial–velar plosive
- voiced labial–velar plosive
- labial-velar nasal
- voiceless labial-velar implosive
- voiced labial-velar implosive
[Uvular consonant]s
- uvular ejective
- uvular nasal
- uvular trill
- voiced uvular fricative
- voiced uvular implosive
- voiced uvular plosive
- voiceless uvular fricative
- voiceless uvular plosive
[Labial–uvular consonant]s
- voiceless labial–uvular plosive
[Laryngeal consonant]s
Pharyngeal and epiglottal consonant">Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyngeal and epiglottal consonants
- pharyngeal plosive
- voiced pharyngeal fricative
- voiceless pharyngeal fricative
- voiced pharyngeal trill
- voiceless pharyngeal trill
[Uvular-epiglottal consonant]s
- voiceless uvular-epiglottal plosive
[Glottal consonant]s
- voiceless glottal affricate
- murmured glottal affricate
- murmured glottal fricative or transition & approximant
- voiceless glottal fricative or transition & approximant
- glottal plosive
- creaky-voiced glottal approximant
Ordered by [manner of articulation]
Nasal (stop) consonants">Nasal consonant">Nasal (stop) consonants
- bilabial nasal
- voiceless bilabial nasal
- labiodental nasal
- dental nasal
- alveolar nasal
- voiceless alveolar nasal
- retroflex nasal
- voiceless retroflex nasal
- palatal nasal
- voiceless palatal nasal
- velar nasal
- voiceless velar nasal
- uvular nasal
Plosive (stop) consonants">Stop consonant">Plosive (stop) consonants
- voiceless bilabial plosive
- voiced bilabial plosive
- voiceless dental plosive
- voiced dental plosive
- voiceless alveolar plosive
- voiced alveolar plosive
- voiceless retroflex plosive
- voiced retroflex plosive
- voiceless palatal plosive
- voiced palatal plosive
- voiceless velar plosive
- voiced velar plosive
- voiceless uvular plosive
- voiced uvular plosive
- epiglottal plosive
- glottal plosive
[Fricative consonant]s
- voiceless alveolar sibilant
- voiced alveolar sibilant
- voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant
- voiced palato-alveolar sibilant
- voiceless alveolo-palatal sibilant
- voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant
- voiceless retroflex sibilant
- voiced retroflex sibilant
- voiceless bilabial fricative
- voiced bilabial fricative
- voiceless labiodental fricative
- voiced labiodental fricative
- voiceless bidental fricative
- voiceless dental fricative
- voiced dental fricative
- voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative
- voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative
- voiceless palatal fricative
- voiced palatal fricative
- voiceless velar fricative
- voiced velar fricative
- voiceless uvular fricative
- voiceless pharyngeal fricative
- voiceless epiglottal fricative
- voiceless palatal-velar fricative
- voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
- voiced alveolar lateral fricative
- voiceless retroflex lateral fricative
- voiceless palatal lateral fricative )
- voiceless velar lateral fricative )
- voiced velar lateral fricative
;Pseudo-fricatives
;Sibilant affricates
- voiceless postalveolar affricate
- voiced postalveolar affricate
- voiceless alveolar affricate
- voiced alveolar affricate
- voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate
- voiced alveolo-palatal affricate
- voiceless retroflex affricate
- voiced retroflex affricate
- Fricated alveolar clicks
- Voiceless bilabial affricate
- Voiceless bilabial-labiodental affricate
- Voiceless labiodental affricate
- Voiced labiodental affricate
- Voiceless dental affricate
- Voiced dental affricate
- Voiceless retroflex nonsibilant affricate
- Voiced retroflex nonsibilant affricate
- voiceless palatal affricate
- voiced palatal affricate
- Voiceless velar affricate
- Voiced velar affricate
- Voiceless uvular affricate
- Voiced uvular affricate
- Voiceless epiglottal affricate
- voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
- voiced alveolar lateral affricate
- Voiceless palatal lateral affricate
- Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate
- Voiceless velar lateral affricate
- Voiced velar lateral affricate
[Approximant consonant]s
- bilabial approximant
- labiodental approximant
- dental approximant
- alveolar approximant
- alveolar lateral approximant
- velarized alveolar lateral approximant
- retroflex approximant
- retroflex lateral approximant
- palatal approximant
- palatal lateral approximant
- nasal palatal approximant
- labialized palatal approximant
- velar approximant
- velar lateral approximant
- labialized velar approximant
- voiceless labialized velar approximant
- nasal labialized velar approximant
- uvular approximant
- pharyngeal approximant
- epiglottal approximant
- voiced glottal approximant
- voiceless glottal approximant
- voiceless nasal glottal approximant
Flap (tap) consonant">Flap consonant">Flap (tap) consonants
- bilabial flap
- labiodental flap
- alveolar flap
- alveolar lateral flap
- retroflex flap
- retroflex lateral flap
- palatal lateral flap
- uvular flap
- velar lateral flap
- epiglottal flap
[Trill consonant]s
- bilabial trill
- alveolar trill
- alveolar fricative trill
- retroflex trill
- uvular trill
- epiglottal trill
[Lateral consonant]s
;Fricatives
- Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
- Voiced alveolar lateral fricative
- Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative
- Voiceless palatal lateral fricative
- Voiced velar lateral fricative
- Voiceless velar lateral fricative
- Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate
- Voiced alveolar lateral affricate
- Voiceless palatal lateral affricate
- Ejective palatal lateral affricate
- Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate
- Ejective retroflex lateral affricate
- Voiced velar lateral affricate
- Voiceless velar lateral affricate
- Ejective velar lateral affricate
;Ejective
;Clicks
;Plosives
- bilabial ejective
- dental ejective
- alveolar ejective
- retroflex ejective
- palatal ejective
- velar ejective
- uvular ejective
- alveolar ejective affricate
- palato-alveolar ejective affricate
- retroflex ejective affricate
- alveolo-palatal ejective affricate
- dental ejective affricate
- palatal lateral ejective affricate
- velar ejective affricate
- uvular ejective affricate
- alveolar lateral ejective affricate
- velar lateral ejective affricate
- bilabial ejective fricative
- labiodental ejective fricative
- dental ejective fricative
- alveolar ejective fricative
- palato-alveolar ejective fricative
- alveolo-palatal ejective fricative
- retroflex ejective fricative
- palatal ejective fricative
- velar ejective fricative
- uvular ejective fricative
- alveolar lateral ejective fricative
[Implosive consonant]s
- voiced bilabial implosive
- voiceless bilabial implosive
- voiced dental implosive
- voiced alveolar implosive
- voiceless alveolar implosive
- voiced retroflex implosive
- voiced palatal implosive
- voiceless palatal implosive
- voiced velar implosive
- voiceless velar implosive
- voiced uvular implosive
- voiceless uvular implosive
Labialized consonants">Labialization">Labialized consonants
- voiceless labialized velar plosive
- voiced labialized velar plosive
- Voiceless labialized labial-velar plosive
- voiceless labialized uvular plosive
- voiced labialized uvular plosive
- voiceless labialized velar fricative
- voiced labialized velar fricative
- voiceless labialized uvular fricative
- voiced labialized uvular fricative
- labialized palatal approximant
- labialized velar approximant
- voiceless labialized velar approximant
- nasal labialized velar approximant
Palatalized consonants">Palatalization (phonetics)">Palatalized consonants
- voiced palatalized postalveolar fricative
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar fricative
- voiced palatalized postalveolar affricate
- voiceless palatalized postalveolar affricate
- voiceless palatalized velar plosive
Pharyngealized consonants">Pharyngealization">Pharyngealized consonants
- voiceless pharyngealized alveolar sibilant
- voiced pharyngealized alveolar sibilant
- voiceless pharyngealized alveolar plosive
- voiced pharyngealized alveolar plosive
- voiceless pharyngealized dental fricative
- voiced pharyngealized dental fricative
- voiceless pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative
- voiced pharyngealized alveolar lateral fricative
- pharyngealized glottal stop
- pharyngealized alveolar lateral approximant
- pharyngealized alveolar nasal
Velarized consonants">Velarization">Velarized consonants
- Voiceless velarized alveolar sibilant
- Voiced velarized dental fricative
- Voiceless velarized alveolar plosive
- Velarized alveolar flap
- Voiceless velarized uvular plosive
- Voiceless velarized uvular fricative
- Voiced velarized uvular fricative
- Voiceless [velarized alveolar lateral fricative]
- Voiced velarized alveolar lateral fricative
- Velarized alveolar lateral approximant
Glottalized consonants">Glottalization">Glottalized consonants
Reinforced airstream">Glottalization#Glottal reinforcement">Reinforced airstream
- Voiceless labioglottal plosive
- Voiceless alveologlottal plosive
- Voiceless veloglottal plosive
Blocked airstream">Glottalization">Blocked airstream
- Voiced glottalized alveolar nasal
- Voiced glottalized alveolar plosive
- Voiced glottalized dental fricative
Restricted airstream">Creaky voice">Restricted airstream
- Creaky-voiced bilabial nasal
Whispery voice">Breathy voice">Whispery voice
- Breathy-voiced bilabial nasal
- Breathy-voiced bilabial plosive
- Breathy-voiced alveolar plosive
- Breathy-voiced velar plosive
[Click consonant]s
;Simple clicks
- bilabial clicks
- *either velar:
- *voiceless bilabial click
- *voiced bilabial click
- *bilabial nasal click
- *or uvular:
- *
- dental clicks
- *either velar:
- *voiceless dental click
- *voiced dental click
- *dental nasal click
- *or uvular:
- *
- (post)alveolar click
- *either velar:
- *voiceless alveolar click
- *voiced alveolar click
- *alveolar nasal click
- *or uvular:
- *
- alveolar lateral clicks
- *either velar:
- *voiceless alveolar lateral click
- *voiced alveolar lateral click
- *alveolar lateral nasal click
- *or uvular:
- *
- retroflex clicks
- *either velar:
- *voiceless retroflex click
- *voiced retroflex click
- *retroflex nasal click
- *or uvular:
- *
- palatal clicks
- *either velar:
- *voiceless palatal click
- *voiced palatal click
- *palatal nasal click
- *or uvular:
- *
- velar :
- glottalized [bilabial nasal click]
- glottalized [dental nasal click]
- glottalized [alveolar nasal click]
- glottalized alveolar lateral nasal click
- glottalized [retroflex nasal click]
- glottalized [palatal nasal click]
- voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiced dental linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic stop
- voiceless bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiced bilabial linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiceless dental linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiced dental linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiceless alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiced alveolar linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiceless alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiced alveolar lateral linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiceless retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiced retroflex linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiceless palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate
- voiced palatal linguo-pulmonic affricate
- bilabial linguo-glottalic stop
- dental linguo-glottalic stop
- alveolar linguo-glottalic stop
- alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic stop
- retroflex linguo-glottalic stop
- palatal linguo-glottalic stop
- bilabial linguo-glottalic affricate
- dental linguo-glottalic affricate
- alveolar linguo-glottalic affricate
- alveolar lateral linguo-glottalic affricate
- retroflex linguo-glottalic affricate
- palatal linguo-glottalic affricate
[Percussive consonant]s