List of asanas

An asana is a body posture, used in both medieval hatha yoga and modern yoga. The term is derived from the Sanskrit word for 'seat'. While many of the oldest mentioned asanas are indeed seated postures for meditation, asanas may be standing, seated, arm-balances, twists, inversions, forward bends, backbends, or reclining in prone or supine positions. The asanas have been given a variety of English names by competing schools of yoga.
The traditional number of asanas is the symbolic 84, but different texts identify different selections, sometimes listing their names without describing them. Some names have been given to different asanas over the centuries, and some asanas have been known by a variety of names, making tracing and the assignment of dates difficult. For example, the name Muktasana is now given to a variant of Siddhasana with one foot in front of the other, but has also been used for Siddhasana and other cross-legged meditation poses. As another example, the headstand is now known by the 20th century name Shirshasana, but an older name for the pose is Kapalasana. Sometimes, the names have the same meaning, as with Bidalasana and Marjariasana, both meaning Cat Pose.

Affixes

Variations on the basic asanas are indicated by Sanskrit affixes including the following:

English	Sanskrit	Meaning	Example
Adho	अधो	downward	Adho Mukha Shvanasana
Ardha	अर्ध	half	Ardha Padmasana
Baddha	बद्ध	bound	Baddha Konasana
Dvi	द्वि	two	Dvi Pada Kaundinyasana
Eka	एक	one	Eka Pada Shirshasana
Parsva	पार्श्व	side	Parsva Bakasana
Parivritta	परिवृत्त	revolved	Parivritta Trikonasana
Prasarita	प्रसारित	spread out	Prasarita Padottanasana
Salamba	सालम्ब	supported	Salamba Shirshasana
Supta	सुप्त	supine, reclining	Supta Virasana
Upavishta	उपविष्ठ	seated	Upavishta Konasana
Urdhva	ऊर्ध्व	upwards	Urdhva Dhanurasana
Utthita	उत्थित	extended	Utthita Parsvakonasana
Viparita	विपरीत	inverted	Viparita Dandasana

Asanas

A single asana is listed for each main pose, whether or not there are variations. Thus for Sirsasana, only one pose is illustrated, although the pose can be varied by moving the legs apart sideways or front-and-back, by lowering one leg to the floor, by folding the legs into lotus posture, by turning the hips to one side, by placing the hands differently on the ground, and so on. Iyengar's 1966 Light on Yoga lists 15 variations on the basic headstand, including for instance the combined variation Parivrttaikapada Sirsasana in which not only are the hips revolved but the legs are apart front-and-back. Since then, variations of many other poses have been created; their names are not listed here. Yin Yoga names are for the equivalent Yin variants; these are usually somewhat different from the conventional poses.
Indian texts are "notoriously difficult to date". The table shows the approximate date and abbreviated title of the earliest document or authority to describe that asana, as follows:

AS = Ahirbudhnya Saṃhitā, c. 7th century
BaH = Bahr al-Hayāt, 17th century
DU = Darśana Upaniṣad, c. 4th century
GhS = Gheraṇḍa Saṃhitā, 17th century
GS = Gorakṣaśataka, 10th century
HAP = Hațhābhyāsapaddhati, 18th century
HR = Haṭha Ratnāvali, 17th century
HY = Hemacandra's Yogaśāstra, 11th century
HYP = Haṭha Yoga Pradīpikā, 15th century
JP = Joga Pradīpikā, 18th century
LoY = Light on Yoga, 1966
PL = Post-Light on Yoga
PSV = Pātañjalayogaśāstravivaraṇa, 8th century
ShS = Śiva Saṃhitā, 14th century
ST = Śrītattvanidhi, 19th century
TB = Theos Bernard, 1950
TK = Tirumalai Krishnamacharya, c. 1940
V = Vimānārcanākalpa, 10th century
VM = Vivekamārtaṇḍa, 13th century
VS = Vāsiṣṭha Saṁhitā, 13th century

Asana	Sanskrit	English	Type	Effect on spine	Suitable for meditation	Described	Yin Yoga variant	Image
Adho Mukha Shvanasana	अधोमुखश्वानासन	Downward-Facing Dog	Standing	Forward bend		20th C. TK 18th C. HAP
Adho Mukha Vrikshasana	अधोमुखवृक्षासन	Downward-Facing Tree, Yoga Handstand	Balancing			18th C. HAP
Akarna Dhanurasana	आकर्णधनुरासन	Shooting bow, Archer, Bow and arrow	Sitting			19th C. ST
Anantasana	अनन्तासन	Ananta's pose, Vishnu's Couch pose	Reclining			20th C. LoY
Anjaneyasana	अञ्जनेयासन	Crescent Moon	Standing	Backbend		20th C.	Dragon
Ardha Chandrasana	अर्धचन्द्रासन	Half moon	Standing			20th C. LoY
Ashtanga Namaskara	अष्टाङ्ग नमस्कार	Eight-Limbed Salutation Caterpillar	Reclining			20th C. TK
Astavakrasana	अष्टावक्रासन	Aṣṭāvakra's pose, Eight-angled	Balancing			20th C. LoY
Baddha Konasana Bhadrasana	बद्धकोणासन	Bound angle, Cobbler's pose	Sitting		Meditation	15th C. HYP 17th C. GhS	Butterfly
Bakasana Kakasana	बकासन, ककासन	Crane Crow	Balancing			17th C. HR
Balasana	बालासन	Child	Sitting			20th C. TK 19th C. ST Ananda Balasana	Child's
Bhairavasana Ankushasana	भैरवासन अण्कुशासन	Formidable	Reclining			19th C. ST
Bharadvajasana	भरद्वाजासन	Bharadvaja's twist	Sitting	Twist		20th C. LoY	Seated Twist
Bhekasana	भेकासन	Frog	Reclining	Backbend		20th C. LoY
Bhujangasana	भुजङ्गासन	Cobra	Reclining	Backbend		17th C. GhS 2.42	Seal, Sphinx
Bhujapidasana	भुजपीडासन	Arm-pressing posture	Balancing			20th C. LoY	Snail
Bidalasana Marjariasana	बिडालासन मार्जरीआसन	Cat	Kneeling	Backbend		20th C. T.K.V. Desikachar, Satyananda Saraswati
Chaturanga Dandasana	चतुरङ्गदण्डासन	Four-Limbed Staff Low Plank	Reclining			20th C. TK
Dandasana	दण्डासन	Staff	Sitting			8th C. PSV
Dhanurasana	धनुरासन	Bow	Reclining	Backbend		15th C. HYP 1.27
Durvasasana	दुर्वासासन	Durvasa's Pose	Standing, Balancing			19th C. ST
Garbha Pindasana	गर्भासन	Embryo in Womb	Sitting			17th C. BaH
Garudasana	गरुडासन	Eagle	Standing, Balancing			19th C. ST
Gomukhasana	गोमुखासन	Cow-faced	Sitting		Meditation	4th C. DU 3.3–4 7th C. AS 10th C. V 15th C. HYP 1.20 17th C. HR 3	Shoelace
Gorakshasana	गोरक्षासन	Cowherd Gorakhnath's pose	Sitting		Meditation	14th C. ShS 3.108-112 15th C. HYP 1.28-29 17th C. GhS 2.24-25
Halasana	हलासन	Plough	Inversion	Forward bend		19th C. ST 20th C. TB
Hanumanasana	हनुमनासन	Hanuman's Pose	Sitting			20th C. TK
Janusirsasana	जानुशीर्षासन	Head-to-Knee	Sitting	Forward Bend		20th C. TK
Jathara Parivartanasana	ञटर परिवर्तनासन	Belly twist	Reclining	Twist		20th C. LoY
Kapotasana	कपोतासन	Pigeon	Kneeling	Backbend		20th C. LoY
Karnapidasana	कर्णपीडासन	Ear-pressing	Inversion	Forward bend		20th C. TB ; LoY
Kaundinyasana	कौण्डिन्यसन	Kaundinya's pose	Balancing			20th C. LoY
Kraunchasana	क्रौञ्चासन	Heron	Sitting			17th C. HR
Kukkutasana	कुक्कुटासन	Cockerel	Balancing			7th C. AS 13th C. VS 15th C. HYP 1.23 17th C. GhS 2.31
Kurmasana	कूर्मासन	Tortoise	Sitting	Forward bend		7th C. AS
Lolasana	लोलासन	Pendant	Balancing			20th C.
Makarasana	मकरासन	Crocodile	Reclining			17th C. GhS 2.40
Malasana	मालासन	Garland	Squatting	Forward bend		20th C. LoY
Mandukasana	मन्दुकासन	Frog	Sitting			17th C. GhS
Marichyasana	मरीच्यासन	Marichi's Pose	Sitting	Twist		20th C. TK
Matsyasana	मत्स्यासन	Fish	Reclining	Backbend		17th C. GhS 2.21	Fish
Matsyendrasana	मत्स्येन्द्रासन	Lord of the Fishes Matsyendra's pose	Sitting	Twist		15th C. HYP 1.28-29 17th C. GhS
Mayurasana	मयूरासन	Peacock	Balancing			10th C. V 15th C. HYP 1.33
Muktasana	मुक्तासन	Liberated	Sitting		Meditation	10th C. V
Natarajasana	नटराजासन	Lord of the Dance Dancer Nataraja's Pose	Standing	Backbend		20th C. TK
Navasana Naukasana	नावासन, परिपूर्णनावासन नौकासन	Boat	Sitting	Forward bend		19th C. ST
Padmasana	पद्मासन	Lotus	Sitting		Meditation	4th C. DU 8th C. PSV
Parighasana	परिघासन	Gate	Standing			20th C. TK
Parshvakonasana	पार्श्वकोणासन	Side angle	Standing			20th C. TK
Parshvottanasana	पार्श्वोत्तनासन	Intense side stretch	Standing			20th C. TK
Pashasana	पाशासन	Noose	Squatting	Twist		19th C. ST
Paschimottanasana	पश्चिमोत्तानासन	Seated Forward Bend	Sitting	Forward Bend		15th C. HYP 1:28 17th C. GhS 2:26	Full Forward Bend, Caterpillar
Pincha Mayurasana	पिञ्चमयूरासन	Feathered Peacock	Balancing			20th C. LoY
Prasarita Padottanasana	प्रसारित पादोत्तानासन	Wide Stance Forward Bend	Standing	Forward bend		20th C. TK
Rajakapotasana	राजकपोतासन	King Pigeon	Sitting	Backbend		20th C. LoY	Swan, Sleeping Swan
Shalabhasana	शलभासन	Locust	Reclining	Backbend		20th C. TB
Sarvangasana	सालम्बसर्वाङ्गासन	Shoulder Stand	Inversion			20th C. ; 19th C. as Viparita Karani in JP; 15th C. HYP
Samakonasana	समकोणासन	Side splits	Sitting			20th C. TK
Shavasana	शवासन	Corpse	Reclining			15th C. HYP 1.32	Corpse
Setu Bandha Sarvangasana	सेतुबन्धसर्वाङ्गासन	Shoulder supported bridge	Inversion	Backbend		19th C. ST, called Kāmapīṭhāsana
Siddhasana, Siddha Yoni Asana	सिद्धासन	Accomplished, The Adept's Pose	Sitting		Meditation	10th C. GS 1.10-12
Simhasana	सिंहासन	Lion	Sitting		Meditation	4th C. DU 10th C. V
Shirshasana Kapalasana	शीर्षासन	Headstand, Yoga Headstand	Inversion			11th C. HY 14th C. ShS 4.45-47 15th C. HYP 3.78-81 17th C. GhS 3.33-35 18th C. JP
Sukhasana	सुखासन	Easy	Sitting		Meditation	4th C. DU	Easy
Supta Padangusthasana	सुप्त पादाङ्गुष्ठासन	Big toe supine	Reclining			20th C. TK
Surya Namaskar	सुर्य नमस्कार	Salute to the Sun Sun Salutation	Standing	Forward bend, backbend sequence		20th C. Rajah of Aundh, then TK
Svastikasana	स्वस्तिकसन	Auspicious Lucky mark	Sitting		Meditation	8th C. PSV	Square
Tadasana	ताडासन	Mountain	Standing			20th C. TK
Tittibhasana	टिट्टिभासन	Firefly	Balancing			19th C. ST
Trikonasana, Utthita Trikonasana	त्रिकोणासन, उत्थित त्रिकोणासन	Triangle	Standing			20th C. TK
Trivikramasana	त्रिविक्रमासन	Trivikrama's pose Standing splits Supta Trivikramasana	Standing, Balancing			13th - 18th C. in Bharatnatyam dance statues of Eastern Gopuram, Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram
Tulasana	तुलासन	Balance / Scales	Balancing			20th C. LoY
Upavishta Konasana	उपविष्टकोणासन	Open Angle	Sitting			20th C. TK	Dragonfly
Urdhva Dhanurasana Chakrasana	ऊर्ध्वधनुरासन, चक्रासन	Upwards-facing bow, Wheel	Inversion	Backbend		19th C. ST
Urdhva Mukha Shvanasana	ऊर्ध्वमुखश्वानासन	Upward-Facing Dog	Reclining	Backbend		20th C. TK
Ushtrasana	उष्ट्रासन	Camel	Kneeling	Backbend		20th C. LoY
Utkatasana	उत्कटासन	Awkward or Powerful	Standing			15th C. HYP 17th C. GhS 20th C. TK
Uttanasana	उत्तानासन	Standing Forward Bend	Standing	Forward bend		20th C. TB ; TK
Utthita Hastapadangusthasana	उत्थित हस्तपादाङ्गुष्ठासन	Standing Big Toe Hold	Standing			20th C. TK
Vajrasana	वज्रासन	Thunderbolt	Kneeling		Meditation	17th C. GhS
Vasishtasana	वसिष्ठासन	Vasishta's pose, Side plank	Balancing			20th C. TK
Viparita Dandasana	विपरीत दण्डासन	Inverted Staff	Inversion	Backbend		20th C. TK?, LoY
Viparita Karani Uttanapadasana	विपरीतकरणि	Inverted practice Legs up the wall	Inversion			13th C. VM for pratyahara 14th C. ShS 4.45-47 15th C. HYP 3.78-81 17th C. GhS 3.33-35 and other texts	Legs-Up-the-Wall
Viparita Virabhadrasana	विपरीतवीरभद्रासन	Reversed Warrior	Standing			21st C. PL
Virabhadrasana I	वीरभद्रासन	Warrior I	Standing			20th C. TK
Virabhadrasana II	वीरभद्रासन II	Warrior II	Standing			20th C. TK
Virabhadrasana III	वीरभद्रासन III	Warrior III	Standing			20th C. TK
Virasana, Dhyana Virasana	वीरासन, ध्यान वीरासन	Hero, Hero's Meditation	Kneeling		Meditation	4th C. DU 8th C. PSV
Vrikshasana	वृक्षासन	Tree	Standing, Balancing			17th C. GhS
Vrischikasana	वृश्चिकासन	Scorpion	Inversion	Backbend		20th C. LoY
Yoganidrasana Pasini Mudra	योगनिद्रासन	Yogic sleep Noose Mudra	Reclining	Forward bend		17th C. HR 3.70 17th C. GhS 3.84 as a Mudra 18th C. painting, Mysore