List of antidepressants
This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or mood stabilizers, by pharmacological and/or structural classification. ''Chemical/generic names are listed first, with brand names in parentheses. All drugs listed are approved specifically for major depressive disorder unless noted otherwise.''
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors include:Discontinued/withdrawn
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRIs)
Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:''None currently marketed''
Discontinued/withdrawn
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (SNDRIs)
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs)
Serotonin modulators and stimulators include:Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)
antagonist and reuptake inhibitors include:- Nefazodone – withdrawn/discontinued in most countries
- Trazodone
Discontinued/withdrawn
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:- Reboxetine
- Teniloxazine – also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist
- Viloxazine – also a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist and 5-HT2C receptor agonist
Off-label only
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:Off-label only
Discontinued/withdrawn
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Tricyclic antidepressants include:- Amitriptyline
- Amitriptylinoxide
- Amoxapine
- Clomipramine
- Desipramine
- Dibenzepin
- Dimetacrine
- Dosulepin
- Doxepin
- Imipramine
- Lofepramine
- Melitracen
- Nitroxazepine
- Nortriptyline
- Noxiptiline
- Pipofezine
- Protriptyline
- Trimipramine
Discontinued/withdrawn
- Butriptyline
- Demexiptiline
- Fluacizine
- Imipraminoxide
- Iprindole
- Metapramine
- Propizepine
- Quinupramine
- Tiazesim – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant
- Tofenacin – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant
Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs)
Tetracyclic antidepressants include:Mianserin, mirtazapine, and setiptiline are also sometimes described as noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors includeIrreversible
Non-selective
Discontinued/withdrawn- Benmoxin
- Iproclozide
- Iproniazid
- Mebanazine
- Nialamide
- Octamoxin
- Pheniprazine
- Phenoxypropazine
- Pivhydrazine
- Safrazine
Selective for MAO-B
- Selegiline – also a catecholaminergic activity enhancer and weak norepinephrine releasing agent
Reversible
Non-selective
Discontinued/withdrawnSelective for MAO-A
These drugs are sometimes described as reversible inhibitors of MAO-A.Discontinued/withdrawn
Mixed
Non-selective
- Bifemelane – RIMA, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, and weak NRI
Atypical antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics include:- Amisulpride – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for persistent depression and major depressive disorder
- Levosulpiride – approved in low doses for major depressive disorder
- Lumateperone – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
- Lurasidone – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
- Quetiapine – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
- Sulpiride – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for major depressive disorder
Others
Marketed
- D-Phenylalanine – enkephalinase inhibitor
- Agomelatine – 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist
- Brexanolone – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for postpartum depression
- Dextromethorphan/bupropion
- Esketamine – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions
- Gepirone – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist
- Opipramol — σ1 receptor agonist, other actions
- Tianeptine – weak and atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, other actions
Off-label only
- Ketamine – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist
Discontinued/withdrawn
- α-Methyltryptamine
– non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent, and weak RIMA - Etryptamine
– non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, SNDRA, and weak RIMA - Indeloxazine – serotonin releasing agent, NRI, and NMDA receptor antagonist
- Oxaflozane – 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist
- Pivagabine – unknown/unclear mechanism of action
Over-the-counter
The following antidepressants are available both with a prescription and over-the-counter:- Ademetionine
– cofactor in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesisHypericum perforatum – TRPC6 activator, and various other actions - Oxitriptan
– precursor in serotonin biosynthesis - Tryptophan – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis
Adjunctive treatments
Atypical antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics include:- Aripiprazole – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
- Brexpiprazole – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
- Lumateperone – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression
- Lurasidone – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression
- Olanzapine – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
- Quetiapine – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant or mood stabilizer for major depression and bipolar depression
Off-label only
Typical antipsychotics
Typical antipsychotics include:''None currently approved''
Off-label only
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:''None currently approved''
Off-label only
Others
Off-label only
- Buspirone – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist
- Lithium – mood stabilizer
- Thyroxine – thyroid hormone
- Triiodothyronine – thyroid hormone
Combination products
- Amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide – TCA and benzodiazepine combination
- Amitriptyline/perphenazine – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
- Dextromethorphan/bupropion – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, σ1 receptor agonist, SNRI, NDRI, other actions
- Flupentixol/melitracen – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
- Olanzapine/fluoxetine – SSRI and atypical antipsychotic combination – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression and treatment-resistant depression
- Tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine – MAOI and typical antipsychotic combination