List of antidepressants
This is a complete list of clinically approved prescription antidepressants throughout the world, as well as clinically approved prescription drugs used to augment antidepressants or mood stabilizers, by pharmacological and/or structural classification. ''Chemical/generic names are listed first, with brand names in parentheses. All drugs listed are approved specifically for major depressive disorder unless noted otherwise.''
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Selective [serotonin reuptake inhibitor]s include:Discontinued/withdrawn
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRIs)
Serotonin–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:''None currently marketed''
Discontinued/withdrawn
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (SNDRIs)
Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:Serotonin modulators and stimulators (SMSs)
Serotonin modulators and stimulators include:Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)
antagonist and reuptake inhibitor">receptor antagonist">antagonist and reuptake inhibitors include:- Nefazodone – withdrawn/discontinued in most countries
- Trazodone
Discontinued/withdrawn
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors include:- Reboxetine
- Teniloxazine – also a 5-HT2A receptor antagonist
- Viloxazine – also a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist and 5-HT2C receptor agonist
Off-label only
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)
Norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:Off-label only
Discontinued/withdrawn
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Tricyclic antidepressants include:- Amitriptyline
- Amitriptylinoxide
- Amoxapine
- Clomipramine
- Desipramine
- Dibenzepin
- Dimetacrine
- Dosulepin
- Doxepin
- Imipramine
- Lofepramine
- Melitracen
- Nitroxazepine
- Nortriptyline
- Noxiptiline
- Pipofezine
- Protriptyline
- Trimipramine
Discontinued/withdrawn
- Butriptyline
- Demexiptiline
- Fluacizine
- Imipraminoxide
- Iprindole
- Metapramine
- Propizepine
- Quinupramine
- Tiazesim – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant
- Tofenacin – actually not a TCA but a tricyclic-like antidepressant
Tetracyclic antidepressants (TeCAs)
Tetracyclic antidepressants include:Mianserin, mirtazapine, and setiptiline are also sometimes described as noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors includeIrreversible
Non-selective
Discontinued/withdrawn- Benmoxin
- Iproclozide
- Iproniazid
- Mebanazine
- Nialamide
- Octamoxin
- Pheniprazine
- Phenoxypropazine
- Pivhydrazine
- Safrazine
Selective for MAO-B
- Selegiline – also a catecholaminergic activity enhancer and weak norepinephrine releasing agent
Reversible
Non-selective
Discontinued/withdrawnSelective for MAO-A
These drugs are sometimes described as reversible inhibitors of MAO-A.Discontinued/withdrawn
Mixed
Non-selective
- Bifemelane – RIMA, irreversible inhibitor of MAO-B, and weak NRI
Atypical antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics include:- Amisulpride – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for persistent depression and major depressive disorder
- Levosulpiride – approved in low doses for major depressive disorder
- Lumateperone – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
- Lurasidone – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
- Quetiapine – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression
- Sulpiride – approved in low doses as a monotherapy for major depressive disorder
Others
Marketed
- D-Phenylalanine – enkephalinase inhibitor
- Agomelatine – 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and MT1 and MT2 receptor agonist
- Brexanolone – GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulator – approved for postpartum depression
- Dextromethorphan/bupropion
- Esketamine – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, other actions
- Gepirone – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist and α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist
- Opipramol — σ1 receptor agonist, other actions
- Tianeptine – weak and atypical μ-opioid receptor agonist, other actions
Off-label only
- Ketamine – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist
Discontinued/withdrawn
- α-Methyltryptamine
– non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent, and weak RIMA - Etryptamine
– non-selective serotonin receptor agonist, SNDRA, and weak RIMA - Indeloxazine – serotonin releasing agent, NRI, and NMDA receptor antagonist
- Oxaflozane – 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist
- Pivagabine – unknown/unclear mechanism of action
Over-the-counter
The following antidepressants are available both with a prescription and over-the-counter:- Ademetionine
– cofactor in monoamine neurotransmitter biosynthesisHypericum perforatum – TRPC6 activator, and various other actions - Oxitriptan
– precursor in serotonin biosynthesis - Tryptophan – precursor in serotonin biosynthesis
Adjunctive treatments
Atypical antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics include:- Aripiprazole – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
- Brexpiprazole – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
- Lumateperone – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression
- Lurasidone – approved as an adjunct to mood stabilizer for bipolar depression
- Olanzapine – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant for major depression
- Quetiapine – approved as an adjunct to antidepressant or mood stabilizer for major depression and bipolar depression
Off-label only
Typical antipsychotics
Typical antipsychotics include:''None currently approved''
Off-label only
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor
Dopamine reuptake inhibitors include:''None currently approved''
Off-label only
Others
Off-label only
- Buspirone – 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist
- Lithium – mood stabilizer
- Thyroxine – thyroid hormone
- Triiodothyronine – thyroid hormone
Combination products
- Amitriptyline/chlordiazepoxide – TCA and benzodiazepine combination
- Amitriptyline/perphenazine – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
- Dextromethorphan/bupropion – non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist, σ1 receptor agonist, SNRI, NDRI, other actions
- Flupentixol/melitracen – TCA and typical antipsychotic combination
- Olanzapine/fluoxetine – SSRI and atypical antipsychotic combination – approved as a monotherapy for bipolar depression and treatment-resistant depression
- Tranylcypromine/trifluoperazine – MAOI and typical antipsychotic combination