List of active separatist movements in Europe

Azerbaijan

• Ethnic group: Lezgins
• * Proposed: Autonomy or outright independence for Lezgistan or unification with
• * Political organisation: Sadval movement, Artsakh Republic

Denmark

• People: Faroese
• * Proposed state: or autonomy
• ** Political parties: Republican Party, Progress, People's Party, Centre Party, Self-Government Party

• People: Danes of Bornholm
• * Proposed state: Bornholm or autonomy.
• ** Advocacy groups: Bornholmer Party

France

• People: Basque
• * Proposed state: unification with the Basque Country and – Euskal Herria as an independent state or autonomy.
• ** Political parties: Euskal Herria Bai, Abertzaleen Batasuna, Eusko Alkartasuna, Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea.
• ** Trade unions: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
• ** Youth advocacy groups: Gazte Abertzaleak, Segi
• ** Militant organisations: Irrintzi

• People: Bretons
• * Proposed state or autonomous region:
• ** Advocacy groups: Celtic League
• ** Political parties: Unvaniezh Demokratel Breizh, Adsav, Strollad Breizh, Emgann, Brittany Movement and Progress, Young Bretons Movement
• ** Militant organisation: Talbenn Dieubiñ Breizh
• People: Corsicans
• * Proposed state or autonomous region:
• ** Political party: Corsica Libera, Pè a Corsica, Partitu di a Nazione Corsa
• ** Militant group: National Liberation Front of Corsica

• People: Flemings
• * Proposed state: French Flanders, Pale of Calais and Audomarois and re-unification with West Flanders, East Flanders, Tournaisis and Zeelandic Flanders into an independent Flemish state, unification with the or
• ** Political party: Flemish movement
• People: Provençals
• * Proposed state: Provence or autonomy
• ** Militant group: Front Nacionala Liberacion de Provença
• ** Political party: Prouvènço Nacioun

• People: Catalans
• * Proposed state or autonomous region: reunification with or the Catalan Countries as an independent state, or autonomy
• ** Political parties: Esquerra Republicana–Catalunya del Nord, Oui au Pays Catalan, Popular Unity Candidacy, Catalan Unity
• ** Advocacy organisations: Catalunya Nord per la independència, Òmnium Catalunya Nord
• ** Youth organisations: Joventuts d'Esquerra Republicana (Catalunya Nord), Arran

• Proposed state: Proposed Federating of Nice, Savoy, Valle d'Aosta, Piedmont, Lomellina and Oltrepò Pavese, the old Province of Bobbio, Oneglia and Dolceacqua "into a multilingual and plurinational state on the Swiss model."
• Political parties: État de Savoie, Piemonte Stato
• Advocacy groups: Gioventura Piemontèisa
• Proposed: independence for
• * Advocacy group: le Mouvement de Libération de la Bourgogne

Georgia

• People: Abkhazians
• * De facto state:
• * Proposition: Recognition of Abkhazia as an independent state.
• ** Political organisation: Government of Abkhazia
• ** Militant organisation: Abkhazian Armed Forces

• People: Ossetians
• * De facto state:
• * Proposition: Recognition of South Ossetia as an independent state or unification with Russia or unification with to form a united independent Ossetia
• ** Political organisation: Government of South Ossetia
• ** Militant organisation: Armed Forces of South Ossetia

Germany

• People: Upper Saxons
• Proposed state or autonomous area: Saxony
• * Political party: Free Saxony
• People: Sorbs
• * Proposed state or autonomous area:
• ** Political party: Lusatian Alliance
• ** Non-governmental organization: Domowina, Foundation for the Sorbian People
• Proposed autonomous area:
• * Ethnic group: Frisians
• * Political party: Die Friesen

Italy

• People: Friulians
• * Proposed state: Friuli
• ** Political parties:
• *** Secessionist parties: Res Publica Furlane-Parlament Furlan, Patrie Furlane, Friulian Front,
• *** Autonomist parties: Pact for Autonomy

• Proposed state: Republic of Lombardy or autonomy.
• * Political parties : Lega per l'Autonomia – Alleanza Lombarda
• * Political parties : Pro Lombardy Independence, Lega Lombarda

• Proposed state: Padania
• * Political parties : Lega Nord, Great North
• * Political parties : Lega Nord, Lega Padana, Padanian Union, Alpine Padanian Union

• Proposed state: Mezzogiorno, Meridione, Magna Graecia, or Due Sicilie
• * Political parties : We the South, Great South, Movement for Autonomy Autonomy South, Force of the South and I the South,
• * Political parties : Lega Sud Ausonia
• People: Sicilians
• * Proposed state: Sicily
• ** Political parties : Sicilian Socialist Party, Party of the Sicilians, Movement for Autonomy
• ** Political parties : Free Sicilians
• ** Advocacy groups: Sicilian National Front, Sicilia Nazione, Sicilian National Liberation Movement.
• Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for or unification with in
• * Political parties: Die Freiheitlichen, South Tyrolean Freedom
• Proposed state: Proposed Federating of Nice, Savoy, Valle d'Aosta, Piedmont, Lomellina and Oltrepò Pavese, the old Province of Bobbio, Oneglia and Dolceacqua "into a multilingual and plurinational state on the Swiss model."
• Political parties: État de Savoie, Piemonte Stato
• Advocacy groups: Gioventura Piemontèisa
• Ethnic group: Tuscans
• * Proposed: independence or greater autonomy for
• * Political party: Tuscan Autonomist Movement, Toscano Stato
• Proposed state: Republic of Venice or autonomy
• * Political parties : Liga Veneta, Veneto for Autonomy
• * Political parties : Party of Venetians, Venetian Independence, We Are Veneto, Liga Veneta Repubblica, Venetian People's Unity, Venetian Left
• * youth organization: Independentist Youth
• *National Liberation Movement : Venetian National Liberation Movement
• Proposed state: Free Territory of Trieste
• * Advocacy group: Movement for the Independence of the Free Territory of Trieste
• Proposition: Greater autonomy for Aosta
• * Political party: Valdostan Union
• Ethnic group: Sardinian people
• * Proposition: Greater autonomy or independence for.
• * Advocacy groups: Canton Marittimo
• * Political parties: Sardinian Action Party

Moldova

• People: Equal proportions of Russians, Ukrainians and Moldovans
• * De facto state: Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic
• ** Proposed state: or unification with
• *** Political organisation: Government of Transnistria
• **** Militant organisation: Army of Transnistria
• People: Gagauz people
• * Proposed State: Gagauz Republic
• ** Political organisation: Peoples of Union of Gagauzia

Montenegro

• Ethnic group: Bosniak
• * Proposed: Greater Autonomy
• ** Political party: Free Sandzaz

Netherlands

• People: Frisians, West Frisians
• * Proposed: Greater autonomy or independence for West Frisia
• ** Political party: Frisian National Party,, Groep fan Auwerk

• Ethnic group: Brabantian
• * Proposed state: Brabant
• * Advocacy group: Pacte des Cygnes

Portugal

• Ethnic group: Azoreans
• * Proposed state:
• ** Militant organization: Azores Liberation Front

Romania

• People: Romanians, Hungarians, Transylvanian Saxons
• * Proposed autonomous area or state: Transylvania or Banat
• ** Political party: Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party
• ** Advocacy organisations: Liga Pro Europa, Provincia, Autonomy for Transylvania Székely-Hungarian National Guard, Democratic League of Transylvania, League of Banat

• People: Székelys
• * Proposed autonomous area or state: Székely Land or unification with
• ** Political organisations: Hungarians in Romania, the demand for Hungarian autonomy has been part of their program since 1993. Hungarian Civic Party, they signed a settlement with the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania about cooperation and joint support for Hungarian autonomy. Hungarian People's Party of Transylvania, the party proposes the establishments of Transylvanian parliament and government and supports the case of Székely autonomy in Székely Land. It also advocates territorial autonomy for Partium.
• ** Advocacy organisations: Szekler National Council

Russia

• People: Circassians
• * Proposed autonomous area or state: Circassia
• ** Advocacy groups: International Circassian Association,, Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus, Free Nations League

• People: Bashkirs
• * Proposed state: Bashkortostan
• * Militant organisation: Committee of Bashkir Resistance, Bashkir Company
• ** Advocacy groups: Bashkort movement, Bashkir National-Political Center, Free Nations League
• People: Chechens
• * Proposed state: Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
• * Government in exile: Ichkerian government in exile
• ** Militant organisation: Chechen separatists, Ajnad al-Kavkaz, Chechen volunteers in Ukraine, Dzhokhar Dudayev Battalion, Ichkerian Special Purpose Battalion, Khamzat Gelayev Detachment
• ** Advocacy group: Adat People's Movement, Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus

• People: Dagestanis
• * Proposed state: Dagestan
• ** Militant organization: Imam Shamil Dagestan Battalion
• ** Advocacy group: Dagestani National Center, Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus

• People: Ingush
• * Proposed state: Ingushetia
• ** Militant organisation: Ingush Liberation Army
• ** Advocacy group: Ingush Independence Committee, Congress of the Peoples of the North Caucasus

• People: Russian, Baltic Prussians, Germans, Lithuanians, Poles
• * Proposed state: Baltic Republic/Prussia/Königsberg
• ** Advocacy groups: Kaliningrad Public Movement, Respublika Movement Free Nations League

• People: Kalmyks
• * Proposed state: Kalmykia with possible unification with Astrakhan Oblast
• ** Advocacy group: Oirat-Kalmyk People's Congress
• People: Karelians, Vepsians, Russians, Finns, Pomors
• * Proposed state: Karelia
• ** Militant organisation: Karelian Group
• ** Advocacy groups: Karelian National Movement

• People: Cossacks, Russians
• * Proposed state or autonomous area: Kuban
• *** Advocacy movements: Community of the Don-Kuban-Terek Citizens, Klin-Yar, Kuban Cossack Host, Kuban Cossacks of the Kuban Host Autonomy Movement, Kuban Cossack Youth, New Kuban Cossack Association, Southern Regional Resource Center, Union of Cossack Republics of Southern Russia
• **** Militant organization: Kuban Cossack Army
• **** Political parties: Free Cossack Movement, Lapin, Movement for the Federalizations of Kuban, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia, Union of the Cossack Hosts of Russia and Abroad, Committee for the Liberation of the Kuban
• **** Political organizations: Cossack Congress, Cossacks of the Kuban Rada

• People: Russians, Izhorians, Ingrians, Votes
• * Proposed state:
• ** Advocacy groups: Free Ingria, Ingria Without Borders

• People: Mari
• * Proposed federal subject or state: Mari El
• ** Advocacy groups: Free Idel-Ural

• People: Erzyas
• * Proposed state: Erzyan Mastor
• ** Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural, Erzyan Mastor
• People: Mokshas
• * Proposed state: Mokshan state
• ** Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural, Moksha Committee, Free Nations League

• People: Peoples of the Caucasus
• * Proposed state: Confederation of the Northern Caucasus, United Caucasia
• ** Advocacy groups: Chechen government in exile

• People: Tatars
• * Proposed state: Tatarstan
• * Government in exile: Tatarstan government in exile
• ** Militant organisation: All-Tatar Public Center
• *** Advocacy groups: Ittifaq Party, Free Idel-ural, All-Tatar Public Center, Free Nations League

• People: Cossacks, Russians
• * Proposed state or autonomous area: Cossackia, Don Cossack Host
• ** Advocacy groups: Members of the Free Nations League

• People: Udmurts
• * Proposed state: Udmurtia
• ** Advocacy groups: Free Idel-Ural

• People: Bashkirs, Chuvash, Erzya, Mari, Mokshas, Russians, Tatars, Udmurts
• * Proposed state: Idel-Ural Republic
• ** Advocacy group: Free Idel-Ural

• Ethnic group: Kumyks
• * Proposed: autonomy for the Kumyks in Dagestan

• Ethnic group: Nogai, Astrakhan Tatars
• * Proposed state: Nogai El or unification with Kalmykia
• * Advocacy group: Free Nogai El
• Ethnic group: Komi people
• * Proposed: independence for

• Ethnic group: Russians
• * Proposed: independence or autonomy for Severia
• * Advocacy group: Seversky Region Movement
• Ethnic group: Chuvash people
• * Proposed: independence for
• * Advocacy group: Irĕklĕ Chăvash En
• Ethnic group: Russians
• * Proposed: independence or autonomy for
• Ethnic group: Russians
• * Proposed: independence or autonomy for
• * Advocacy group: Smolensk Republican Center
• Ethnic group: Russians
• * Proposed: independence or autonomy for
• People: Ossetians
• * Proposed: independence for and unification with to form United Ossetia

• People: Veps
• * Proposed: independence for Vepsia

• People: Cossacks
• * Proposed: independence for Terek Cossack Host
• **Militant Group: Terek Wolf Sotnia

• Ethnic group: Russians
• * Proposed state: Black Earth Confederation
• * Advocacy group: Council of Black Earth States

• Ethnic group: Komi-Permyaks
• * Proposed state or autonomous region: Komi-Permyak
• Ethnic group: Karachays and Balkars
• * Proposed state: Karachaia

Russian-occupied Ukraine

• People: Ukrainians, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Karaites, Urums, pro-Ukrainian Russians in Ukraine
• * De jure subdivisions within Ukraine:,
• * Proposed: independence or autonomy within unitary
• ** Political organisations: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People, Yellow Ribbon
• ** Militant organisations: Atesh, Popular Resistance of Ukraine

• People: Ukrainians, Pro-Ukrainian Russians in Ukraine
• * De jure entities within Ukraine:,
• ** Proposed: reunification with
• ** Advocacy organisations: Yellow Ribbon
• ** Militant organisations: Atesh, Popular Resistance of Ukraine, S.R.O.K

• People: Ukrainians, pro-Ukrainian Russians in Ukraine, Crimean Tatars
• * De jure subdivisions within Ukraine:,,
• ** Proposed: reunification with
• ** Advocacy organisations: Yellow Ribbon
• ** Militant organisations: Atesh, Popular Resistance of Ukraine, Berdiansk Partisan Army, S.R.O.K

Serbia

• Proposal: Republic of Vojvodina within federalized Serbia
• * Political parties: League of Social Democrats of Vojvodina
• People: Hungarians in Serbia
• * Proposal: territorial autonomy for Hungarians in the northern part of Vojvodina
• ** Political parties: Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians, Hungarian Civic Alliance

• People: Bosniaks in Serbia
• * Proposal: territorial autonomy for Bosniaks in Sandžak
• ** Political parties: Party of Democratic Action of Sandžak, Justice and Reconciliation Party

• People: Albanians in Serbia
• * Proposal: territorial autonomy for Albanians in the Preševo Valley
• ** Political parties: Party for Democratic Action, Albanian Coalition of Preševo Valley

Slovakia

• People: Hungarians
• * Proposed autonomous area: Territorial autonomy for the compact Hungarian ethnic block and cultural autonomy for the regions of Hungarian presence, or unification with
• ** Political parties : Party of the Hungarian Community, In 2010, the party renewed their demand for autonomy.

Spain

• People: Basques
• * Proposed state: Basque Country (greater region) – Euskal Herria
• ** Political parties: Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea, Eusko Alkartasuna, Bildu, Eusko Abertzale Ekintza, Alternatiba
• ** Trade union: Euskal Langileen Alkartasuna, Langile Abertzaleen Batzordeak
• ** Youth advocacy groups: EGI, Gazte Abertzaleak, Haika] Segi, Ikasle Abertzaleak
• People: Catalans
• * Proposal state: Catalan Republic – Catalan Countries
• ** Political parties : Republican Left of Catalonia, Together for Catalonia, supported by Left Movement, Popular Unity Candidacy supported by Endavant and Poble Lliure
• ** Political parties : Catalunya en Comú
• ** Civil organisations: Assemblea Nacional Catalana, Òmnium Cultural, Association of Municipalities for Independence, Procés Constituent, Sobirania i Progrés, Committees for the Defense of the Republic, Negres Tempestes
• ** Trade unions: Intersindical-CSC, Coordinadora Obrera Sindical, Intersindical Alternativa de Catalunya
• ** Youth advocacy groups: Arran, La Forja, Jovent Republicà, Joves d'Esquerra Verda, Joventut Nacionalista de Catalunya, Joventut Comunista de Catalunya

• People: Galicians
• * Proposed state: Galiza
• ** Political party: Galician Nationalist Bloc, Anova-Nationalist Brotherhood, Compromiso por Galicia, Terra Galega, Galician Coalition, Abrente–Galician Democratic Left, Acción Galega, Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood, Assembleia da Mocidade Independentista
• ** Unions: Confederación Intersindical Galega and Central Unitaria de Traballadores
• ** Youth advocacy groups: Galiza Nova, Xeira, BRIGA and Erguer-Estudantes da Galiza
• ** Militant organisation: Resistência Galega

• People: Valencians – Catalanics
• * Proposed state: Valencian Country or unification with Catalan Countries
• ** Political parties: Valencian Nationalist Bloc, Initiative of the Valencian People, Popular Unity Candidates, Republican Left of the Valencian Country, Valencian State, Valencian Nationalist Left, Valencian Left
• ** political party : Popular Unity Candidacy
• ** Advocacy groups: Pro-Catalan Valencianists propose the creation of a Valencian State and some type of reconnection with the rest of Catalan-speaking areas. Only a minor tendency within anti-Catalan Valencianism proposed independence of the Kingdom of Valencia from both Catalonia and Spain.
• ** Youth advocacy groups: Arran
• ** Student movement: AGIR
• ethnic group: Aragonese people
• * Proposed state:
• ** political parties : Chunta Aragonesista, Puyalón de Cuchas, Aragonese Party, Estado Aragonés
• ** political parties : Puyalón de Cuchas,,
• ** coalition:
• ** movement:
• ethnic group: Catalan people
• * proposed: Independence for the or unification with the other Catalan countries
• ** political parties: Balearic Anticolonialist Group,
• ** political party : Popular Unity Candidacy
• ** political parties : People's Party of the Balearic Islands
• ethnic group: Andalusian people
• * proposed state:
• ** political parties : Adelante Andalucía (2021)
• ** political party : Andalusian Nation
• ** political party : Unitarian Candidacy of Workers
• ethnic group: Asturians
• * proposed state:
• ** political party : Asturias Forum
• ** political party : Asturian Left, Compromisu por Asturies, Conceyu Abiertu, Partíu Asturianista, Unidá, Bloc for Asturias, Conceyu Abiertu
• ** political party : Asturian Renewal Union
• ** political party : Andecha Astur

• Proposed: extended autonomy for Cartagena within Region of Murcia
• * Political party: Movimiento Ciudadano de Cartagena

• People: Leonese
• * Proposed autonomous area: Leonese region
• ** Political parties: Unión del Pueblo Leonés UPL
• ** Youth movements: RUCHAR Mocedá Llionesa

• proposed: Breaking the Province of Granada from Andalusia as a separate autonomous community
• * political party: Juntos por Granada
• Proposed: making into its own province
• * Political party: Coalition for El Bierzo

• Proposed: autonomy for Campo de Gibraltar

Ukraine

• People: Russians in Ukraine, Crimean Tatars, Crimean Karaites, Urums
• * Proposed: and independence or autonomy within unitary, or unification with
• ** Political organisations: Mejlis of the Crimean Tatar People, Qurultay of the Crimean Tatar People, State Council of Crimea, Legislative Assembly of Sevastopol

• People: Russians in Ukraine
• * De facto entity:,
• ** Political organisations: People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic, People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic
• ** paramilitary organisation: Russian people's militias in Ukraine

• People: Russians in Ukraine
• * De facto states:

• ** Proposed: unification with
• ** Political organisations: Volodymyr Saldo Bloc, Derzhava, Opposition Bloc
• ** Military organisation: Russian Ground Forces

• People: Russians in Ukraine, Hungarians in Ukraine, Rusyns
• * Proposed: autonomy or independence within unitary or unification with
• * Political organisations: "Subcarpathian republican party", "Derzhava", "World Congress of Rusyns", "Opposition Bloc", "Russkiy dom", "Subcarpathian Ruthenia movement" "Russkiy Mir Foundation", "Association of Zakarpattia democrats", and other pro-Russian organizations. "Rusyn separatist movement" led by the Orthodox priest Dimitry Sydor

United Kingdom

• People: Irish, Northern Irish
• * Proposed state: Re-unification with or independence
• ** Political parties: Sinn Féin, Fianna Fáil, Éirígí, Social Democratic and Labour Party, Aontú, People Before Profit, Communist Party of Ireland, Irish Republican Socialist Party, Republican Network for Unity, Socialist Workers Network, Workers' Party of Ireland
• ** Militant organisations: RIRA, CIRA
• People: Scots
• * Proposed state or autonomous region:
• ** Political parties: Scottish National Party, Scottish Greens, Scottish Socialist Party, Alba, Red Party of Scotland,Scotland's Independence Referendum Party, Independence for Scotland Party, Scottish Libertarian Party, parties: Scottish National Party
• ** Advocacy groups: Scottish Independence Convention, Labour for Independence, Siol nan Gaidheal

• People: Cornish
• * Proposed state or autonomous region:
• ** Advocacy groups: Cornish Constitutional Convention, Cornwall 2000, Revived Cornish Stannary Parliament
• ** Political parties: Mebyon Kernow, Cornish Nationalist Party, Green Party of England and Wales, Cornish Nationalist Party, Liberal Democrats

• People: Northerners
• * Proposed state: or greater autonomy within the United Kingdom.
• ** Advocacy group: Campaign for the North
• ** Political parties: Northern Independence Party

• People: Londoners
• * Proposed state: London
• ** Political party: Londonpendence Party

• Proposed state: Fife
• * Political Party: Fife National Party
• Proposed state:
• * Political Party: Norfolk Independence Party

• Ethnic group: Gibraltarians
• * Proposed state:
• ** Political party: Liberal Party of Gibraltar, Gibraltar Socialist Labour Party
• Ethnic group: Manx people
• * Proposed state:
• ** Political party: Mec Vannin