List of Java virtual machines
This article provides non-exhaustive lists of Java SE Java virtual machines. It does not include every Java ME vendor. Note that Jakarta EE runs on the standard Java SE JVM but that some vendors specialize in providing a modified JVM optimized for enterprise applications. Much Java development work takes place on Windows, Solaris, Linux, and FreeBSD, primarily with the Oracle JVMs. Note the further complication of different 32-bit/64-bit varieties.
The primary Java VM reference implementation is the OpenJDK HotSpot, produced by Oracle Corporation and many other big and medium-sized companies.
Proprietary implementations
Active
- Azul Platform Prime - a fully compliant, high-performance Java virtual machine based on OpenJDK that uses Azul Systems's C4 garbage collector and Falcon JIT compiler.
- JamaicaVM - a hard real-time Java VM for embedded systems.
Inactive
- Excelsior JET - a licensed Java SE implementation with AOT compiler for Windows, OS X, and Linux on Intel x86 and Linux on 32-bit ARM.
- Jinitiator - developed by Oracle before they purchased Sun. Designed to improve support for Oracle Forms in web sites.
- JRockit - acquired by Oracle for Linux, Windows and Solaris.
- Mac OS Runtime for Java.
- Microsoft Java Virtual Machine - discontinued in 2001.
Lesser-known proprietary Java virtual machines
- Blackdown Java was a licensed port to Linux of the reference SunSoft implementation. It was discontinued in 2007, after OpenJDK became available.
- Sun CVM - CVM originally standing for "Compact Java Virtual Machine".
- Gemstone - modified for Java EE features.
- Intent.
- PreonVM- a Java VM for embedded systems and small and resource constrained devices.