List of Indigenous peoples of Brazil


This is a list of the Brazil's Indigenous or Native peoples.
This is a sortable listing of peoples, associated languages, Indigenous locations, and population estimates with dates. A particular group listing may include more than one area because the group is distributed in more than one area.

Background

The Indigenous peoples in Brazil comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups, who have inhabited the country prior to the European. The word índios, was by then established to designate the people of the Americas and is still used today in the Portuguese language to designate these peoples, while the people of Asiatic India are called indianos.
At the time of first European contact, some of the Indigenous peoples were traditionally semi-nomadic tribes who subsisted on hunting, fishing, gathering, agriculture, and arboriculture. Many of the estimated 2,000 nations and tribes which existed in the 16th century died out as a consequence of the European settlement. Most of the Indigenous population died due to European diseases and warfare, declining from an estimated pre-Columbian high of millions to some 300,000 in 1997, grouped into some 200 tribes. A few tribes were assimilated into the Brazilian population.
In 2007, FUNAI reported that it had confirmed the presence of 67 different uncontacted tribes in Brazil, an increase from 40 in 2005. With this addition Brazil has now surpassed New Guinea as the country having the largest number of uncontacted peoples.
Seven Terras Indígenas are exclusively reserved for isolated people:

Table of Indigenous peoples of Brazil

In this table, means a language is presumed extinct, and means it is possibly extinct, but lacks conclusive supporting evidence.
NameOther namesLanguageLocationPopulation
census/estimated		Year
AikanãMassacá, Tubarão, Columbiara, Mundé, Mondé, Huari, AikanáAikanãRondônia3502014
AikewaraAkewara, Akewere, Suruí, SororosSuruí do ParáPará4702020
AkuntsuAkunt'suAkuntsuRondônia32022
AmanayéAmanaié, Amanyé, AraradeuaAmanayé*Pará1742017
AmondawaAmondaua, Amundava, Amundawa, Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Mbo'uima'ga, EnvugaSouthern Kagwahiva Acre, Rondônia1292020
AnacéCeará2,0182014
AnambéAnambé*Pará1822020
Anapuru MuypuráMaranhão1502021
AparaiApalai, Apalaí, Apalay, Appirois, Aparathy, Apareilles, AparaiAparaiFrench Guiana, Pará, Suriname697 2020
ApiakáApiacáApiaká †Mato Grosso, Pará1,0502020
ApinayéApinajé, ApinaiéApinayéTocantins2,6992020
ApurinãPopukare, Ipurinãn, Kangite, PopengareApurinãAmazonas, Mato Grosso, Rondônia10,2282020
AranãKrenak Minas Gerais3622010
ArapasoArapaço, Araspaso, KoneáTucano *Amazonas4482014
ArapiunsArapiumPará2,2042012
AraraArara do Pará, Ajujure, UkaragmaPará AráraPará3772014
Arara da Volta Grande do XinguArara do Maiapossibly a Pekodian language †Pará2932019
Arara do Rio AmôniaArara Apolima, Apolima-AraraAcre4342014
Arara do Rio BrancoArara do Beiradão, Arara do Aripuanã, Mato Grosso AráraMato Grosso2492014
Arara ShawãdawaArara do Acre, ShawanauaYaminawa Acre6772014
ArawetéAraueté, BïdeArawetéPará5682020
ArikapuArikapú, AricapúArikapuRondônia372014
AruáAruachi, AruáshiAruáRondônia1212020
AshaninkaAshenika, KampaAsháninkaAcre, Peru99,197 2020
Assurini do TocantinsAkuawa, AsuriniAkwáwa Tocantins6712020
Assurini do XinguAssurini, AwaeteAssurini do XinguPará2192020
AtikumAticumAtikum †Bahia, Pernambuco7,9292012
Avá-CanoeiroCanoeiro, Cara-Preta, Carijó, ÃwaAvá-CanoeiroGoiás, Tocantins252012
Awa GuajáAvá, Awá, AwaGuajáMaranhão5202020
AwetiAueti, Awytyza, Enumaniá, Anumaniá, AuetöAwetiMato Grosso2212020
BakairiBacairi, Kurä, KurâBakairiMato Grosso9822014
BanawáMadí Amazonas2072014
BaniwaBaniba, Baniua do Içana, Baniva, Baniua, Curipaco, Dakenei, Issana, Kohoroxitari, Maniba, WalimanaiBaniwaAmazonas, Colombia, Venezuela17,646 2014
BaráBara tukano, WaípinõmakãBaráAmazonas, Colombia340 2017
BarasanaPanenoáBarasanaAmazonas, Colombia994 2014
BaréHaneraBaréAmazonas, Venezuela16,516 2014
BorariAmazonas, Pará1,1162014
BororoAraripoconé, Araés, Boe, Coxiponé, Cuiabá, Coroados, PorrudosBororoMato Grosso1,8172014
Canela ApanyekráCanela, Kanela, TimbiraCanela-Krahô Maranhão1,0762012
Canela RamkokamekráCanela, Kanela, Timbira, MemortumréCanela-Krahô Maranhão2,1752012
ChamacocoIshiro, Jeywo, YshyroChamacocoMato Grosso do Sul, Paraguay1,611 2002
ChiquitanoChiquitoChiquitanoBolivia, Mato Grosso88,358 2012
Cinta LargaMatetamãeCinta LargaMato Grosso, Rondônia1,9542014
DâwDow, Kamã, MakúDâwAmazonas1422020
DeniJamamadiDeniAmazonas2,0642020
DesanaDesano, DessanoDesanaAmazonas, Colombia3,735 2017
DjeoromitxíJabuti, Jabotí, YabutíDjeoromitxíRondônia2302020
Enawenê-nawêEnawene Nawe, Enáuenês-nauê, SalumãEnawenê-nawêMato Grosso9512020
Fulni-ôFulniô, Fulni-oFulni-ôPernambuco4,6892014
Galibi do OiapoqueKali'na, Kali'na tilewuyu, GalibiKarìna auranAmapá, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela39,913 2017
Galibi-MarwornoKarìna auranAmapá2,8222020
GamelaMaranhão
Gavião AkrãtikatêjêAkratikatêjêJê
Gavião KykatejêPará Gavião Maranhão3622014
Gavião ParkatêjêParkatejêPará Gavião Pará6462014
Gavião PykopjêGavião do Maranhão, Gavião Pukobiê, Gavião do Leste, Timbira, PykopcatejêPará Gavião Maranhão7692014
GuajajaraGuajájara, Guazazzara, Tenetehar, TeneteharaTupi–GuaraniMaranhão28,8582020
Guarani KaiowáKaiowá, Caingua, Caiua, Caiwa, Cayua, Kaiova, Kaiwá, KayovaTupi–GuaraniMato Grosso do Sul, Paraguay46,097 2012
Guarani ÑandevaApytare, Chiripá, Guaraní, Nhandeva, Tsiripá, TxiripáTupi–GuaraniArgentina, Paraguay, MS, PR, RS, SC, SP16,393 2012
GuatóGuatóMato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul4192014
HupdaHup, Hupdë, Jupde, UbdéNadahupAmazonas, Colombia1,500 2012
IkolenDigut, Gavião of Jiparaná, Gavião do RondôniaMondéRondônia6912020
IkpengTxicão, Txikão, Txikân, Chicao, Tunuli, Tonore, Chicão, TchicãoKaribMato Grosso5842020
IngarikóAcahuayo, Acewaio, Akawai, Akawaio, and KaponKaribRoraima, Guyana, Venezuela6,456 2020
Iranxe ManokiIranxe, Irantxe, ManokiIranxeMato Grosso4132020
JamamadiCanamanti, Kanamanti, Madi, YamamadíArawáAmazonas1,1382020
JaraquiPará1632020
JarawaraJarauaraArawáAmazonas2712014
JavaéKarajá, Itya MahãduJêGoiás, Tocantins1,5102020
Jenipapo-KanindéPayakuPortugueseCeará3282014
JiahuiJahoi, Diarroi, Djarroi, Parintintin, Diahoi, Diahui, KagwaniwaTupi–GuaraniAmazonas1152014
JiripancóGeripancó, Geripankó, Jeripancó, JeripankóAlagoas1,7572014
JumaArara, Kagwahibm, Kagwahiph, Kagwahiv, Kavahiva, Kawahip, Kawaib, YumáTupi–GuaraniAmazonas122020
Ka’aporKaapor, Caapor, Kaaporté, Urubú-KaaporTupi–GuaraniMaranhão1,9142020
KadiwéuCaduveo, Ediu-Adig, Kadivéu, Kadiveo, Kaduveo, Mbaya-GuaikuruGuaikuruMato Grosso do Sul1,4132014
KaiabiCaiabi, Cajabi, Kaiaby, Kajabi, Kawaiwete, KayabiTupi–GuaraniMato Grosso2,7342020
KaimbéCaimbéBahía1,1352020
KaingangKanhgág, Bugre, Caingang, Coroado, CoroadosJêParaná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, São Paulo51,0002022
KaixanaCaixanaTupi–GuaraniAmazonas1,4102020
KalabaçaCalabaçaCeará2272014
KalankóCacalancóPortugueseAlagoas3292014
KalapaloCalapaloKaribMato Grosso8552020
KamaiuráCamayuráTupi–GuaraniMato Grosso7102020
KambaCambaMato Grosso do Sul1142014
KambebaCambemba, Omaguá, OmáguaTupi–GuaraniAmazonas, Peru4,375 2014
KambiwáCambiuaPernambuco3,1052014
KanamariCanamari, TukunaKatukinanAmazonas4,6842020
KanindéCeará1,0762014
KanoêCanoê, Kapixaná, KapixanãKanoeRondônia3192014
KantaruréCantaruréBahia4012014
KapinawaKapinauá, CapinawáPortuguesePernambuco2,2632020
KarajáIny, CarajáJêGoiás, Mato Grosso, Pará, Tocantins4,3732020
Karajá do NorteXambioá, Ixybiowa, or Iraru MahãnduJêTocantins2872014
KarapanãMuteamasa, UkopinõpõnaTucanoAmazonas, Colombia523 2014
KarapotóAlagoas9452020
Karipuna do AmapáCreoleAmapá3,0302020
Karipuna de RondôniaAhéTupi–GuaraniRondônia552014
KaririCariri, KiririPortugueseCeará, Piauí1592014
Karirí-XocóKariri Xucó, Kipeá, Xocó, Xokó, Xokó-Karirí, Xukuru KaririAlagoas2,3342020
KaritianaCaritiana, YjxaArikemRondônia3332014
KaroArara de Rondônia, Arara Karo, Arara Tupi, Ntogapíd, Ramaráma, Urukú, Urumí, I´târapRamaramaRondônia4142020
KaruazuAlagoas1,0132010
KassupáAikanáRondônia1492013
KatuenayanaKatuwenaKaribAmazonas, Pará1402014
Katukina do Rio BiáTükunaKatukinanAmazonas2,0042020
Katukina PanoCatuquina, Kamanawa, Kamannaua, Katukina do Juruá, WaninnawaPanoanAcre1,1542014
KaxarariCaxarariPanoanAmazonas, Rondônia5222020
KaxinawáCashinauá, Caxinauá, Huni KuinPanoanAcre, Peru14,148 2020
KaxixóCaxixóMinas Gerais3012014
KaxuyanaCaxuiana, Kaxuiâna, Kachuana, Kashujana, Kashuyana, Kaxúyana, Warikiana, Warikyana, PurehnoKaribAmazonas, Pará5402020
KinikinauTerenaArawakanMato Grosso do Sul6002016
KiririKariri, QuiririPortugueseBahia2,8062020
KisêdjêKisidjê, Suyá, KhisetjeJêMato Grosso5362020
KokamaCocomaTupi–GuaraniAmazonas, Colombia, Peru30,658 2020
KoripakoKuripako, Coripaco, Curipaco, CurripacoArawakanAmazonas, Colombia, Venezuela14,425 2014
KoruboCaceteirosPanoanAmazonas1272020
KotiriaTucanoAmazonas, Colombia1,848 2005
KrahôCraô, Kraô, MehinJêTocantins3,5712020
Krahô-KanelaJêTocantins1222014
KrenakCrenaque, Crenac, Krenac, Botocudos, Aimorés, KrénKrenakMato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo4942020
KrenyêJêMaranhão1042016
KrikatíKricati, Kricatijê, Põcatêjê, TimbiraJêMaranhão1,0312020
KubeoCubeo, Cobewa, Kubéwa, PamíwaTucanoAmazonas, Colombia, Venezuela4,859 2014
KuikuroIpatse Ótomo, Ahukugi Ótomo, Lahatuá ÓtomoKaribMato Grosso8022020
KujubimCujubi, Cujubim, Kuyubi, Miqueleno, Towa PankaChapacuranRondônia1402014
KulinaCulina, MadihaArawakanAmazonas, Peru7,628 2014
Kulina PanoCulina PanoPanoanAmazonas6,8922020
KuruayaCaravare, Curuaia, KuruaiaMundurukuPará2832020
KwazáCoaia, Koaiá, Koaya, QuaiáKwazáRondônia542014
MacuxiMakuxi, Macushi, PemonKaribRoraima, Guyana, Venezuela46,839 2020
MakunaBaigana, Buhagana, Paneroa, Wuhána, Yeba–masã, Yehpá Majsá, Yepá–MahsáTucanoAmazonas, Colombia636 2017
MakurapMakuráp, Macuráp, Macurapi, Makurápi, MassakaTupariRondônia5792014
ManchineriMachinere, Machineri, Manitenerí, Maxinéri, YineArawakanAcre, Bolivia, Peru1,460 2020
MaruboKaniuá, Marova, MarúboPanoanAmazonas2,0082014
MatipuMatipuhy, Mariape-NahuquaKaribMato Grosso1892020
MatisMatsë, Mushabo, Deshan MikitboPanoanAmazonas5292020
MatsésMayorunaPanoanAmazonas, Peru4,200 2016
MaxakaliKumanuxú, Maxacalí, Tikmuún, Tikmu'unMaxakalíanMinas Gerais2,4072020
MbyaBugre, Mbiá, Mbua, Mbyá, Mbayá, Guarani MbyaTupi–GuaraniArgentina, Paraguay, ES, PA, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP, TO30,569 2012
Mebêngôkre KayapóKayapo, Caiapó, Kayapó, Kokraimoro, MebengôkreJêMato Grosso, Pará9,7622014
MehinakoMeinako, Mehinaco, Meinacu, MeinakuArawakanMato Grosso3412020
Menky ManokiMunku, Menku, Myky, ManokiIranxeMato Grosso1312020
MiguelenoRondônia2672014
MiranhaBora, Boro, Miraña, MirãniaBoranAmazonas, Colombia2,130 2020
Mirity-tapuyaBuia-tapuyaTucanoAmazonas942017
MukurinMinas Gerais
MundurukuMundurucu, Maytapu, Cara Preta, WuyjuyuMundurukuAmazonas, Pará17,9972020
MuraMuraAmazonas18,5112020
NadöbMacú Nadob, Maku NadebMakúAmazonas4832014
NahukuáNauquá, NahukwáKaribMato Grosso1692020
NambikwaraAnunsu, NambiquaraNambiquaranMato Grosso, Rondônia2,3322014
NaruvotoKaribMato Grosso812003
NawaNáuaPanoanAcre5352020
NukiniNuquiniPanoanAcre7262020
OfaiéOfayé, Ofaié-XavanteJêMato Grosso do Sul692014
Oro WinOro-uinChapacuranRondônia882014
PalikurParicuria, Paricores, Palincur, Parikurene, Parinkur-Iéne, PaïkwenéArawakanAmapá, French Guiana2,655 2020
PanaráKreen-Akarore, Krenhakore, KrenakoreJêMato Grosso7042022
PankaiukáPernambuco1502011
PankaráPernambuco3,0802020
PankararéPancararéPortugueseBahia1,6482014
PankararuPancaré, Pancaru, Pankarará, PankararúPortugueseMato Grosso, Pernambuco, São Paulo8,1842014
PankaruPankararu-SalambaiaPortugueseBahia1232020
ParakanãAwaetéTupi–GuaraniPará2,0422020
ParesíArití, HalítiArawakanMato Grosso2,1382014
ParintintinCabahybaTupi–GuaraniAmazonas4802014
PatamonaIngarikó, KaponKaribGuyana, Roraima5,838 2020
PataxóPatachó, Patashó, PatasoMaxakalíanBahia, Mato Grosso12,8652020
PaumariPamoariArawáAmazonas1,8042014
PipipãPernambuco1,3912013
Pira-tapuyaPiratapuya, Piratapuyo, Piratuapuia, Pira-Tapuya, WaíkhanaTucanoAmazonas, Colombia1,156 2020
PirahãMura Pirahã, HiaitsiihiMuraAmazonas5922014
PitaguaryPotiguara, PitaguariPortugueseCeará3,6232014
PotiguaraPotyguara, PitiguaraPortugueseCeará, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte18,4452014
PuruboráTupianRondônia2432014
PuyanawaPoianáua, PuinahuaPanoanAcre7452014
RikbaktsaAripaktsa, Canoeiro, Erikbatsa, ErikpatsaJêMato Grosso1,6002020
SakurabiatMequéns, Sakiriabar, SakurabiatTupariRondônia2192014
Sateré MawéSateré-Maué, MawéTupianAmazonas16,3122020
ShanenawaKatukina ShanenawaPanoanAcre7692020
SirianoSarirá, Siriana, Siriane, Surianá, Surirá, SuryanaTucanoAmazonas, Colombia751 2014
Surui PaiterSuruí, PaiterMondéMato Grosso, Rondônia1,3752014
SuruwaháZuruahãArawáAmazonas1712014
TabajaraCeará, Piauí3,2792020
TapajóPará2412020
TapayunaTapayúna, Beiço de pau, KajkwakratxiJêMato Grosso, Pará4322024
TapebaPerna-de-pau, TapebanoCeará7,0382020
TapirapéApyãwaTupi–GuaraniMato Grosso, Tocantins9172020
TapuioTapuya, TapuiaCeará, Goiás, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte3692020
TarianaTaliáseri, Tariano, Tariáno, TarînaArawakanAmazonas, Colombia2,889 2014
TaurepangTaulipang, Taurepangue, Taulipangue, PemonKaribRoraima, Venezuela28,006 2020
TembéTeneteharaTupi–GuaraniMaranhão, Pará2,0962020
TenharimKagwahivaTupi–GuaraniAmazonas8282014
TerenaEtelena, TerênaArawakanMato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo26,0652014
TicunaMagüta, Tikuna, TukunaTicuna–YuriAmazonas, Colombia, Peru72,553 2020
Tingui BotóTingui-botó, Carapató, Dzboku’a, Dzubukuá, Karapató, TinguiPortugueseAlagoas4072020
TiriyóTirió, Tarona, Yawi, Pianokoto, Wü tarëno, Txukuyana, Ewarhuyana, AkuriyóKaribPará, Suriname3,921 2020
ToráPortugueseAmazonas3302014
TremembéCeará3,8372020
TrukáBahia, Pernambuco3,2332020
TrumaiTrumáiTrumaiMato Grosso2602020
Tsohom-dyapaTyohom-dyapaKatukinanAmazonas382016
TukanoDaxsea, Tukána, Tucano, Ye´pâ-masaTucanoAmazonas, Colombia, Venezuela12,090 2014
TumbalaláPortugueseBahia1,3812020
TunayanaKaribAmazonas, Pará1072010
TupariTupianRondônia6072014
TupinambáPortugueseBahia, Pará7,6562020
TupiniquimTupinikim, Tupinaki, Tupinikim, TupinikinPortugueseEspírito Santo3,2782020
TuriwáraTuriuaraTupi–GuaraniPará301995
TuxáTodela, TushaAlagoas, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco1,7032014
TuyukaDochkafuara, Doka-Poara, Doxká-Poárá, Tuiuca, Tuyuca, UtapinoponaTucanoAmazonas, Colombia1,620 2014
UmutinaOmotina, BalatiponéBororanMato Grosso5152014
Uru-Eu-Wau-WauJupaúTupi–GuaraniRondônia1272020
Waimiri-AtroaríAtroahy, Atroaí, Atroarí, Atrowari, Atruahí, Ki’nya, Waimiri Atroari, KinjaKaribAmazonas2,3942022
WaiwaiWai-wai, Ouayeone, Uaieue, UaiuaiKaribAmazonas, Guiana, Pará, Roraima2,861 2020
WajãpiWayapi, Wajapi, OiampiTupi–GuaraniAmapá, French Guiana, Pará2,562 2020
WajuruWayoró, Ayurú, Uaiora, Wajaru, Wayurú, AjurúTupariRoraima2482014
WapishanaWapichana, Wapixana, UapixanaArawakanRoraima, Guiana, Venezuela17,346 2020
WarekenaUarekenaArawakanAmazonas, Venezuela1,659 2014
Wari'Pakaa Nova, Waricaca', Uari, Orowari,TxapakuraRondônia4,4612020
WassuUassu, WasuPortugueseAlagoas2,0142014
WaujaUauja, Waurá, WaujáArawakanMato Grosso6722020
WayanaUaiana, Upurui, Roucouyen, Orkokoyana, Urucuiana, Urukuyana, AlucuyanaKaribFrench Guiana, Pará, Suriname1,674 2020
WitotoUitotoWitotoanAmazonas, Colombia, Peru7,887 2014
XakriabáXacriabaJêMinas Gerais8,8672014
XavanteA´uweJêMato Grosso22,2562020
XerenteXerentes, AkwêJêTocantins3,9642020
XetáTupi–GuaraniParaná692020
XikrinCaiapós-xicrin, Kayapó Xikrin, MebengôkreJêPará2,2672020
XipayaXipaiaYuruna, XipayaPará2412020
XoklengXoclengue, AweikomaJêSanta Catarina2,1532020
XokóXocóPortugueseSergipe3402014
XukuruPortuguesePernambuco8,4812020
YaminawáYaminawaPanoanAcre, Bolivia, Peru2,684 2014
YanomamiIanomâmiYanomamiAmazonas, Roraima, Venezuela41,731 2023
YawalapitiIaualapitiArawakanMato Grosso3092020
YawanawáIauanauáPanoanAcre, Bolivia, Peru1,305 2020
Ye'kwanaYe'kuana, Yekuana, Yequana, Maiongong, SotoKaribRoraima, Venezuela8,678 2020
YuhupdehYuhupdeh, YuhupdëhNadahupAmazonas, Colombia1,308 2020
YudjaJurúna, Iuruna, Jaruna, Yudjá, Yudya, YurúnaYurunaMato Grosso9502020
Zo'éPoturuTupi–GuaraniPará3312022
ZoróPangyjejMondéMato Grosso, Rondônia7872020