Lebedev Physical Institute
The Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a Russian research institute in Moscow, specializing in physics. The institute was established in its present shape in 1934 by academician Sergey Vavilov. It moved to Moscow and was named after a Russian physicist Pyotr Lebedev the same year. It is also known as P. N. Lebedev Institute of Physics or just Lebedev Institute. In Russian it is often referred to by the acronym FIAN standing for "Physical Institute of the Academy of Sciences". The range of the research activities includes: laser technology, dark matter structure, nanostructures, superconductivity, cosmic rays, and gamma-astronomy. The institute developed a technique of crystallizing cubic zirconia.
Directors of the Institute
- Sergey Vavilov
- Dmitri Skobeltsyn
- Nikolay Basov
- Leonid Keldysh
- Oleg Krokhin
- Gennady Mesyats
Nobel prizes awarded to FIAN scientists
- 1958 — Pavel Cherenkov, Igor Tamm, Ilya Frank: "for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov-Vavilov effect".
- 1964 — Nikolay Basov, Alexander Prokhorov: "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle".
- 1975 — Andrei Sakharov won a Peace Prize for his campaigning for human rights.
- 2003 — Vitaly Ginzburg: "for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids".
Facilities
Andreyev Acoustics Institute is part of the Institute, and is named for Nikolay Andreyev.
Publications of the Institute
- "Краткие сообщения по физике" ; English version: Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute
- "Квантовая электроника" ; English translation: ''Quantum Electronics''