Kreis Bromberg


The Bromberg district was a Prussian district that existed from 1772 to 1807 and then from 1815 to 1920. It initially belonged to the Netze District and from 1815 it was part of Regierungsbezirk Bromberg in the Grand Duchy of Posen and from 1848, the Prussian Province of Posen. The city of Bromberg was detached from the district and formed its own urban district since 1875. Today, the territory of the district is part of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland.

History

Since the First Partition of Poland in 1772, the Bromberg district was one of the four districts of the Prussian Netze District. During the Napoleonic Wars, the Bromberg district was ceded by Prussia to the Duchy of Warsaw through the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807.
The entire Netze District was restored to the Kingdom of Prussia at the Congress of Vienna on 15 May 1815. Its southeastern part with the Bromberg district was assigned to Regierungsbezirk Bromberg in the Grand Duchy of Posen which became the Province of Posen in 1848. As part of a first district reform on 1 July 1816, the Bromberg district ceded the city of Exin to the Wirsitz district. In a second district reform on 1 January 1818, the Bromberg district was significantly reduced in size. The towns of Mrotschen, Nakel and their surroundings were transferred to the Wirsitz district, and the towns of Bartschin, Labischin, Rynarschewo and Schubin, together with their surroundings formed the new district of Schubin. Another part of the Bromberg district became part of the district of Inowrazlaw. Since then, the district of Bromberg included Bromberg, Fordon, Polnisch Krone and Schulitz. The district office was set up in Bromberg.
As part of the Province of Posen, the district of Bromberg became part of the newly founded German Empire on 18 January 1871. On 29 May 1875 the city of Bromberg was detached from the Bromberg district and formed its own urban district . The remainder of the district came to be known as Landkreis Bromberg.
On 27 December 1918 the Greater Poland uprising began in the province of Posen, but the district of Bromberg remained under German control. On 16 February 1919 an armistice ended the Polish-German fighting, and on 28 June 1919 the German government had to cede the district of Bromberg and the predominantly German-populated city of Bromberg to [Second Polish language|Polish Republic|Poland] as part of the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. On 25 November 1919 Germany and Poland concluded an agreement on the evacuation of state facilities and the transfer of the areas to be ceded, which was ratified on 10 January 1920. The state facilities were evacuated and handed over to Poland between 17 January and 4 February 1920. The city of Bromberg, known in Polish as Bydgoszcz was handed over to Poland on 19 January 1920.

Interwar Period

The district of Bromberg continued in Poland as Powiat Bydgoski. In 1920, 16 small villages were transferred from the Powiat to the city of Bydgoszcz. On 1 April 1938 the Bydgoszcz county moved from the Poznań Voivodeship to the Pomeranian Voivodeship. In 1921, Bydgoszcz county had 140,263 inhabitants, of which 14% were Germans and 86% were Poles. The city of Bydgoszcz itself had 87,643 inhabitants, of which 27% were Germans and 73% were Poles. In 1931, only 10% of the city's population were Germans.

Bromberg district in Occupied Poland (1939-1945)

After the German Invasion of Poland in 1939, the area of the Bromberg district was annexed by Nazi Germany into Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia and the Bromberg district was re-established. At the beginning of World War II, there were clashes between the German minority and Polish armed forces in the area, and several hundred people were killed on Bloody Sunday. After the invasion of the Wehrmacht, members of the German minority formed paramilitary units, called the Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz, led by the SS and Gestapo, and committed mass murder of the Polish population. According to Polish sources, around 5,000 Poles were killed at Fordon, and a total of 37,000 Polish residents of the city of Bydgoszcz lost their lives by the end of the war.
In 1941, the district of Bromberg had 54,949 inhabitants, the city of Bromberg itself had 144,252 inhabitants. On 1 January 1945 the district comprised three cities and 114 municipalities. At the end of World War II, numerous German residents fled west. In January 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army and was restored to Poland.

Demographics

According to the Prussian census of 1849, the district of Bromberg had a population of 56,972, of whom 25,374 were Germans and 31,598 were Poles or Polish-German bilinguals. In 1910 the city of Bromberg was over 80% German, while Landkreis Bromberg had a German majority of around 61%. With the transfer of the district to Poland in 1920, most of the German population emigrated, due to which the district and the city had a Polish majority by 1921.

Communities

The data in the tables below was extracted from the 1905 Prussian gazetteer Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen.
Stadtkreis Bromberg
Landkreis Bromberg
Hamlets that belonged to other towns or villages. .
TownPolish SpellingType1905 PopDwellingsBelonged to...Notes
Anielamühle9Potulitz
Anielin24SlesinCath=Neuheim
Baumgart38HammerProt=Wtelno
Beelitz Forsthaus10Glinke OberförstereiSA=Bromberg
Beerenberg76Zolondowo
Beerenberg Forsthaus9Wtelno OberförstereiProt=Osielsk; Cath=Zolondowo
BergheimGórnik12Niederheinalso 'Bergmühle'
Birkenthal ForsthausBrzozowo6Rosengrund OberförstereiCath=Schirotzken
BogazinBogacin16Samsetschno
Brahthal Försterei12Rosengrund OberförstereiSA=Monkowarsk
Brenkenhof AbbauBocianowo16Jagdschütz Oberförsterei
Brenkenhof ForsthausBocianowo10Jagdschütz Oberförsterei
Bromberger Wasserwerke in Brenkenhof15Jagdschütz Oberförsterei
Brühlsdorf ForsthausRyczywieś6Kirschgrund OberförstereiProt=Groß Neudorf;
Buschkowo KolonieBuszkowo Kolonia101Buschkowo
Cheltschonka34Wluki
DonnermühleGrzmotny mlyn4BuschkowoProt=Monkowarsk
Eichberg97BackwitzProt=Gogolin; Cath=Byschewo
EichenauDębionka31Kirschgrund Oberförsterei
Eichenau Forsthaus4Kirschgrund OberförstereiProt=Groß Neudorf; Cath=Penchowo
Eichenau I14Kirschgrund Oberförsterei
Ellernthal7Trischin
Elsendorf ForsthausDąbrowa9Kirschgrund OberförstereiSA=Kirschgrund
Emilienau Forsthaus8Bartelsee OberförstereiProt=Hopfengarten
Entenpfuhl ForsthausKadzionka6Rosengrund OberförstereiProt=Mokowarsk; Cath=Byschewo;
Falkenburg ForsthausJastrzębie10Jagdschütz OberförstereiProt&Cath=Osielsk; SA=Thalheim
FichtenauMarcelewo27Ludwigsfelde
Fordonek250Fordon
FranzenhofFranciszkowo15Sienno
Friedrich Wilhelms MühleOtorowski młyn39Otteraue
Gabrielin-54Slesin
Gogoliner Mühle36Gogolin
Gonzerzewo120SamsetschnoProt=Wilhelmsort
Gorki145Netzort
GrünauGronów14Glinke OberförstereiProt=Lochowo; SA=Fuchsschwanz
Grünsee ForsthausJezierze6Schulitz Oberförsterei
GrünwerderPrzylęcki ostrów31Netzort
Hammermühle26BrahrodeProt=Wtelno
Hoheneiche Forsterei7Jagdschütz OberförstereiProt=Schleusenau; SA=Pawlowke
Hopfengarten Forsthaus7Bartelsee OberförstereiProt=Hopfengarten; SA=Groß Neudorf
HopfenthalChmielewo141Mocheln
Janin53Strzelewo
Janowo36Trischin
Jaruschin Kolonie152Jaruschin
Jasinietz33Deutsch Fordon
Jasinietz Abbau bei Fordon6Jagdschütz Oberförsterei
Jasinietz Forsthaus7Jagdschütz OberförstereiProt=Fordon; SA=Bromberg
Jasinietz Haltestelle3Jagdschütz OberförstereiProt=Fordon
Jesuitersee BahnhofChmielniki33Glinke OberförstereiProt=Cielle; SA=Bromberg
Jesuitersee ForsthausJasiniec13Glinke OberförstereiProt=Cielle; SA=Bromberg
Johannisberg24Neuhof
Jägerhof Chausseehaus4Jagdschütz OberförstereiProt&SA=Schleusenau
Jägerhof Forsthaus6Jagdschütz OberförstereiProt&SA=Schleusenau
KaltwasserZimnawoda218Schöhagen
Kaltwasser Forsthaus5Bartelsee Oberförsterei
Kamionka50Rosengrund Oberförsterei Prot=Monkowarsk; Cath&Pol=Königlich Wierzchucin
Kanalsgarten10Murowanietz
Karbidwerk25Mühlthal
Karlhof125Wudsinek
Kartschemka106MagdalenowoCath=Groß Wudschin
Kasprowo97SamsetschnoProt=Wilhelmsort
Kazin132Slesin
Kazmierowo68Potulitz
KiebitzbruchBiedaszkowo11Glinke OberförstereiProt=Cielle; SA=Bromberg
Kirschgrund Forsthaus10Kirschgrund OberförstereiSA=Kirschgrund
Klahrheim Bahnhof98Klahrheim
Klatschkowo30Wudsinek
Klein Bartelsee Forsthaus9Bartelsee Oberförsterei
Klein Bartelsee Waldwärtereigehäft13Bartelsee Oberförsterei
Klein Salvin15Alt Flötenau
Kleinheide Forsthaus6Rosengrund OberförstereiProt&Cath&SA=Monkowarsk
Kleinwalde Forsthaus9Schulitz Oberförsterei
Kobelblott Forsthaus6Bartelsee OberförstereiProt=Hopfengarten; SA=Bromberg
Kronprinz Cecilie Heilstätte85Wtelno Oberförsterei
Krossen Forsthaus6Schulitz OberförstereiProt=Elsendorf; SA=Kirshgrund
Kuhbrück FörstereiKr~owka17Rosengrund OberförstereiProt&Cath&SA=Monkowarsk
Königlich Neubrück Forsthaus7Stronnau OberförstereiCath=Zolondowo
Landwirtschaftliche Versuchsstation25Mocheln
LeschützLeszyce78KirschgrundCath=Penchowo;
LiesendorfElźbietowo7Potulitz
Lindau11Hohenhausen
Linowietz50Nekla
Lipie35Neuhof
Lochau ForsthausŁochowo5Glinke OberförstereiProt=Lochowo; SA=Fuchsschwanz
Lugheide Forsthaus5Wtelno OberförstereiCath=Krone; SA=Althof
Marthashausen126Trischin
Marynin12Samsetschno
Maximilianowo Bahnhof19Wtelno Oberförsterei
Maximilianowo Kleinbahnhof11Wtelno Oberförsterei
Michalin176Samsetschno
Mlynek12Hammer
MochelkenbergMochelskagóra5Hopfengarten
Moltkegrube65Goscieradz
Mühlthal Forsthaus8Wtelno OberförstereiCath=Zolondowo
Mühlthal Vorwerk21Wtelno Oberförsterei
Müllershof ForsthausBiedaszkowo4Glinke OberförstereiProt=Schwedenhöhe; SA=Bromberg ;
Nekla100Zolondowo
Neubrück AdligMowy mostek17Stronnau OberförstereiAG=Bromberg
Neudorf9Kirschgrund OberförstereiProt=Groß Neudorf
NeuholzDrzewianowo88NetzortProt=Hopfengarten
Neurode54Mocheln
Niecponie36Palsch
Niedola12Potulitz
Nordfeld148Krone a. Brahe
Oplawitz Chausseehaus5Jagdschütz OberförstereiProt&SA=Schleusenau
Osielsk Parowe119Osielsk
Ostrowo112HammerProt=Wtelno
PapiermühlePapiernik27BuschkowoCath=Groß Lonsk
Parowe25Jaruschin
Parowo19Ober Strelitz
PatzeriePacery11Lochowo
Petatz9Potulitz
Peterhof96Mocheln
Pietschisko177Krone a. Brahe
Potulitz Forsthaus I9Potulitz
Potulitz Forsthaus II9Potulitz
Potulitz Wildpark16Potulitz
Probsteivorwerk5Krone a. Brahe'provost's land outlying farm'
Prosperowo13Slupowo
Prosperowo13Slupowo
RabenhorstStefanowo48Byschewo
Reinershof17Krone a. Brahe
Rinkau Ansiedlung22Jagdschütz Oberförsterei
Rinkau Bahnmeisterei7Jagdschütz OberförstereiProt&Cath=Osielsk
Rinkau Forsthaus7Jagdschütz OberförstereiProt&Cath=Osielsk; SA=Bromberg
RitzkenkrugJeruzalem8Sophienthal
Rohrbach Forsthaus7Weißfelde
Rohrbeck Vorwerk27Backwitz
Rohrbruch Haltestelle4Glinke OberförstereiProt=Cielle
Rybinietz26Niwie
Salvin Forsthaus5Bartelsee OberförstereiProt=Otteraue Langenau
Sandau ForsthausAleksandrowo8Stronnau OberförstereiCath=Wudschin
Sanddorf45Krone a. Brahe'sand village'
SchlosskämpeKempa zamkowa12Deutsch FordonProt&Cath=Ostrometzko;
Schönhagen Forstausiehergehöft5Bartelsee Oberförsterei
Seebruch ForsthausTrzcianka7Schulitz Oberförsterei
Seebruch ForsthausTrzcianka38Großwalde
Skarbiewo Kolonie46Skarbiewo
Slupowo Mühle7Slupowo
Smolary67Wahlstatt'tar oven'
Stopka ZiegeleiStopka Cegielnia11Stopka
Strehlau BahnhofStrzelewo4Grünberg
Strelitz Forsthaus25Wtelno OberförstereiProt=Osielsk; Cath=Zolondowo
Stronnaubrück ForsthausStronno6Stronnau OberförstereiCath=Wudschin; ?
Stryschek Chausseehaus7Glinke OberförstereiSA=Bromberg
Stryschek Forsthaus5Glinke OberförstereiProt=Hopfengarten; SA=Bromberg
Strzelewo Vorwerk45Strzelewo
Teresin149Samsetschno
Thiloshöhe ForsthausTylogóra6Rosengrund Oberförsterei
TrischinTryszczyn7Wtelno Oberförsterei
UllrichshofUlrychów36Krone a. Brahe
Ursulin Forsthaus11Gorsin
Wahlberg11HammerProt=Wtelno
Weichselthal Haltestelle3Schulitz Oberförsterei
Weißensee ForsthausBiala9Stronnau OberförstereiProt=Krone;
Wielonek12Cierplewo
Wilden58Hopfengarten
Wilhelminenhof29Sienno
Wolfsgarten Forsthaus11Stronnau OberförstereiProt=Krone
Wolken77Jägerhof
Wymislowo25Netzort

Military command

Kreis Bromberg was part of:
  • the 14th Infanterie regiment of the ??. Inf. Brigade. Created 1 July 1813. Honorary name of "Graf Schwerin".
  • the 129th Infanterie regiment of the 7. Inf. Brigade. Created 24 March 1881, in Graudenz.
  • the 3rd Grenadier zu Pferde regiment of the 4. Kav. Brigade. Created 29 December 1704. Honorary name of "Freiherr von Derfflinger".
  • the 15th Fußartillerie regiment of the ?. FußA. Brigade. Created 11 August 1893.
  • the 17th Fußartillerie regiment of the 2. FußA. Brigade. Created 24 October 1872.
  • the 53rd Fußartillerie regiment of the ?. FußA. Brigade. Created 25 March 1899.
CorpsGarrisonStaats Name
State Name		TypeReich Name
Empire Name		Honorary NameBrigade
CreatedComments
IIBromberg3. PommerschesInfanterie14Graf Schwerin1 July 1813
IIBrombergInfanterie1297. Inf.24 March 1881? started in Graudenz
IIBrombergNeumärkischesGrenadier zu Pferde
3Freiherr von Derfflinger4. Kav.29 December 1704
IIBromberg2. PommerschesFußartillerie15? Fuß.1 August 1893
IIBromberg2. PommerschesFeldartillerie172. FeldA.24 October 1872Also Gnesen?
IIBromberg
Hohensalza		Hinter- pommerschesFeldartillerie53? FeldA.25 March 1899

The data in the tables below was extracted from the 1905 Prussian gazetteer Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen.

Court system

The main court was in Bromberg, with smaller courts in Bromberg and Krone.

Standesämter

"Standesamt" is the German name of the local civil registration offices which were established in October 1874 soon after the German Empire was formed. Births, marriages and deaths were recorded. Previously, only the church records were used for Christians. In 1905, these Standesämter served towns in Kreis Bromberg:
AlthofFordonKlein BartelseePotuliceThalheim
Bromberg FuchsschwanzKronePrinzenthalWilhelmsort
Bromberg Groß NeudorfMonkowarskSchanzendorfWtelno
Bromberg HohenfeldeOssowitzSchleusenau
DobschKirschgrundPawlowkeSchulitz

Police districts

In 1905, these police districts served towns in Kreis Bromberg:
AlthofBromberg II FordonKöniglich WierzchucinWilhelmsort
Bromberg IBromberg III KroneSchulitzZolondowo

Catholic churches

In 1905, these Catholic parish churches served towns in Kreis Bromberg:
BrombergGroß LonskLiebenseeNakelRasmushausenWtelno
ByschewoGroß WudschinLischkowoNeuheimSchirotzkenZolondowo
DobschKroneMonkowarskOsielskSchulitz
FordonKöniglich WierzchucinMrotschenPenchowoSlesin

Protestant churches

In 1905, these Protestant parish churches served towns in Kreis Bromberg:
BrombergGroß NeudorfLochowoOtteraue LangenauSienno Klarhrheim
CielleHopfengartenMonkowarskPrinzenthalWilhelmsort
ElsendorfKlein BartelseeMrotschenSchleusenauWtelno
FordonKroneNakelSchulitz
GogolinLindenwaldOsielskSchwedenhöhe