Kosrae
Kosrae, formerly known as Kusaie or Strong's Island, is an island in the Caroline Islands archipelago, and state within the Federated States of Micronesia. It includes the main island of Kosrae, traditionally known as Ualung, and a few intercoastal islands and islets, the most significant of which is inhabited by 1,500 people.
Kosrae's land area is, making it the smallest state by area. Sustaining 6,600 people, it is also the smallest by population. Tofol is the state capital, and Mount Finkol is the highest point at.
History
Archaeological evidence shows that the island was settled at least by the early years of the first millennium AD. This includes the city of Leluh that existed from about 1250 to 1850 AD, and in its heyday had a population of about 1,500 and covered some. It featured burial pyramids for the nobility.French visitors
The French corvette S. M. La Coquille, arrived at Okat Harbor on 3 June 1824 and visited until 15 June 1824. Commanded by Louis-Isidore Duperrey, La Coquille, on its circumnavigation of the earth with Jules Dumont d'Urville as second. René-Primevère Lesson also traveled on Coquille as a naval doctor and naturalist. La Coquille anchored in Kosrae for ten days. During this visit, several crew walked across the island and visited the island of Lelu.Spanish colonization
The first recorded sighting by Westerners was by the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Saavedra on 14 September 1529 when trying to return from Tidore to New Spain. The island was under nominal Spanish sovereignty since 1668, but it was not effectively occupied until 1885. By the time of the island's first contact with European travelers in 1824, Kosrae had a highly stratified society, typical of the surrounding islands of the time. Its cultural features included matrilineal lineage and clans, with a feudal structure of "nobles" controlling land worked by "commoners" and settlements consisting of small groups of close relatives sharing a single cook house.The first missionary post was established by Congregationalists in 1852, and virtually the whole island had converted to Christianity by the 1870s. Today, many sects of Christianity are represented on Kosrae, and religion still plays an integral role in culture.
The notorious captain and blackbirder Bully Hayes was shipwrecked on Kosrae on March 15, 1874, when his ship Leonora was caught in Utwe harbor during a storm. Bully Hayes made his home in Utwe for seven months, during which he terrorized the local people. In September 1874, HMS Rosario arrived to investigate the claims against Hayes. He was arrested, but then escaped in a 14-foot boat, built of timber from the wreck of the Leonora. His treasure may have been left behind, buried somewhere in the forest, although subsequent diggings have failed to uncover it. The existence of this buried money is part of the myths that surround Hayes.
In 1885, after a dispute between the Spanish Empire and the German Empire, finally resolved under the terms of the Vatican State, the Spanish Navy took effective control of the island.
German and Japanese rule (1899–1945)
After the Spanish–American War of 1898, the defeated Spanish sold the Caroline Islands to Germany for 25 million pesetas. The islands subsequently came under the control of the Empire of Japan during World War I.Extensive economic improvements took place during the Japanese South Seas Mandate that lasted from 1919 until 1947. The island was practically run by a few missionaries who converted the population; Willard Price, when he visited in the 1930s, reported that the island had no jail, there had been no murders in sixty years, and alcohol and tobacco were unheard of. The island was fortified by the Japanese during World War II, but no battles occurred on Kosrae. The Japanese garrison commanded by Lieutenant-General Yoshikazu Harada consisted of 3,811 IJA men including a company of tanks and 700 IJN men. Tunnel bunkers that have multiple entrances were dug into the island's interior peaks and most can still be explored today.
United States rule (1945)
The island became part of the vast US Naval Base Marshall Islands. In 1945, administration over Kosrae passed to the United States, which ruled the island as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. Aid and investment increased from the 1960s.During the Trust Territory period, Kosrae was initially administered as one of the municipalities of the Ponape District, but in 1977 became a separate district. When the Micronesian constitution was defeated in the TTPI districts of Palau and the Marshall Islands, Kosrae joined the remaining districts to form the Federated States of Micronesia. Kosrae is the only single-island FSM state, while the other three states are each composed of many islands.
Until 1977, Kosrae was subdivided into districts or villages at the sub-municipality level:
By 1980, five municipalities had been created from the former villages or districts:
- Lelu
- Tafunsak
- Walung
- Malem
- Utwe
Geography
Kosrae, the easternmost of the Caroline Islands, has a population of 6,616 . It is located approximately north of the equator, between Guam and the Hawaiian Islands. It has a land area of approximately. Some parts of the island are experiencing coastal erosion.Kosrae is a volcanic island that is largely unspoiled. It is becoming a destination for scuba divers and hikers. The coral reefs that surround the island are kept in pristine condition through an extensive mooring buoy system, installed and maintained by concerned expat dive operators with the help of the government's Marine Resources office. The reefs are largely untouched, and contain miles of hard corals, some said to be thousands of years old.
Kosrae International Airport is located on an artificial island within the fringing reef about from the coast and is connected to the main island by a new bridge that opened to the public in January 2016. It is served by United Airlines Island Hopper 737-800 flights between Hawaii and Guam, stopping at other FSM and Marshallese destinations on the way.
There is one significant nearshore island within the fringing reef around Kosrae, which is Lelu Island, and it is only in area, but with a population of around 1,500. It belongs to Lelu municipality, which includes the area around Tofol, the state capital. Other very small, uninhabited islands within the fringing reef are, Yen Yen and Yenasr, the airport island, Kiul, Mutunyal, Sroansak, and Srukames.
Municipalities
Kosrae State is subdivided into four municipalities.Of the originally five municipalities of 1980, Walung was subsequently absorbed by Tafunsak.
| Municipality | Area km2 | Population | Population | remarks |
| Lelu | 21.5 | 1,995 | 2,160 | |
| Malem | 16.8 | 1,091 | 1,300 | |
| Utwe | 28.5 | 912 | 983 | |
| Tafunsak | 23.3 | 1,342 | 2,173 | |
| Walung | 19.5 | 151 | part of Tafunsak | |
| Kosrae | 109.6 | 5,491 | 6,616 |
The capital of the state is Tofol, in Lelu municipality.
Politics and government
Kosrae is one of the four federal states of the Federated States of Micronesia, a democratic federation. Each state in the country has the ability to retain a large number of powers within their territory as well as a certain level of sovereignty typical of federal administrative divisions. The chief executive of Kosrae is the governor. Kosrae has a unicameral legislature.Economy
In early times, a system of exchange based on sea shells existed on Kosrae, although little is currently known about how it operated.Since the 1960s, the Kosraean government has become the main employer on the island, where fishing and traditional farming remain the main source of the islanders' subsistence. Imports have replaced almost all other native manufactures. The U.S dollar is the official currency used in Kosrae and throughout Micronesia.
The tourism industry to date has mainly centered around scuba diving on the coral reef that rings the island. Surfing, hiking and stand up paddle-boarding through the extensive mangrove system is growing in popularity. The annual Rockhopper running race commenced in 2013 and attracts several dozen competitors from the nearby islands of Kwajalein and Pohnpei.
Resort sold by raffle
In July 2016, the Kosrae Nautilus Resort was won in a raffle promoted worldwide. The previous owners, Doug and Sally Beitz, were persuaded by family to conduct the raffle rather than sell the resort, ahead of returning to Australia. The winner, Joshua, is from the state of New South Wales, Australia. Joshua will become owner of a resort, which is free of debt, profitable and has more than 20 years remaining on its lease.Education
The Kosrae Department of Education operates six public elementary schools and one high school. There is also one private school.In July 2011, Kosrae DOE embraced the One Laptop per Child program, distributing 720 "XO" computers to children in its public elementary schools, becoming the first State of Micronesia to do so.