Helicarionidae
Helicarionidae is a family of air-breathing land snails or semi-slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Helicarionoidea.
Distribution
The distribution of Helicarionidae includes the eastern Palearctic, Malagasy, India, south-eastern Asia, Hawaii, and Australia.Anatomy
Species of snails within this family make and use love darts made of chitin.In this family, the number of haploid chromosomes lies between 21 and 30.
Taxonomy
The family Helicarionidae is nested within the limacoid clade, as shown in the following cladogram :Genera
The following genera are recognised in the family Helicarionidae:;Subfamily Helicarioninae
- Amenixesta
- Antiquarion
- Attenborougharion
- Bathia
- Brevisentis
- Burnettia
- Caldwellia
- Chalepotaxis
- Colmanarion
- Ctenoglypta
- Ctenophila
- Cucullarion
- Dancea
- Delinitesta
- Dendrolamellaria
- Dendronitor
- Dupontia
- Echonitor
- Eddiella
- Einasleighana
- Elatonitor
- Ellarion
- Epiglypta
- Erepta
- Eufretum
- Expocystis
- Fastosarion
- Fenestrarion
- Fijia
- Gudeoconcha
- Harmogenanina
- Helicarion
- Howearion
- Irenella
- Kalidos
- Laconia
- Laocaia
- Levidens
- Limpidarion
- Luinarion
- Mistarion
- Montanocystis
- Mysticarion
- Nesonanina
- Nitor
- Pachystyla
- Palmervillea
- Parmacochlea
- Parmavitrina
- Parmella
- Parmellops
- Peloparion
- Periclocystis
- Petalochlamys
- Plegma
- Pravonitor
- Pseudophasis
- Pseudosaphtia
- Pseudosesara
- Quirosella
- Saphtia
- Sheaia
- Sigaloeista
- Sitalarion
- Stanisicarion
- Tarocystis
- Thularion
- Torrecystis
- Tropicystis
- Urazirochlamys
- Vanmolia
- Westracystis
- Zagmena
- tribe Durgellini Godwin-Austen, 1888
- * Aenigmatoconcha C. Tumpeesuwan & S. Tumpeesuwan, 2017
- * Austenia G. Nevill, 1878
- * Cryptaustenia Cockerell, 1891
- * Durgella Blanford, 1863 - type genus of the subfamily Durgellinae
- * Eurychlamys Godwin-Austen, 1899
- * Holkeion Godwin-Austen, 1908
- * Ibycus Heynemann, 1863
- * Muangnua Solem, 1966
- * Nesaecia Gude, 1911
- * Pseudaustenia Cockerell, 1891
- * Rasama Laidlaw, 1932
- * Rhyssotopsis Ancey, 1887
- * Rotungia Godwin-Austen, 1918
- * Satiella W. T. Blanford & Godwin-Austen, 1908
- * Sitala H. Adams, 1865
- * Sivella W.T. Blanford, 1863
- * Sophina Benson, 1859
- * Teraia Solem, 1966
- tribe Girasiini
- * Girasia Gray, 1855 - type genus of the tribe Girasiini
- Burmochlamys Pholyotha & Panha, 2022