Amazon Kindle
Amazon Kindle is a series of e-readers designed and marketed by Amazon. Amazon Kindle devices enable users to browse, buy, download, and read e-books, newspapers, magazines, Audible audiobooks, and other digital media via wireless networking to the Kindle Store. The hardware platform, which Amazon subsidiary Lab126 developed, began as a single device in 2007. Currently, it comprises a range of devices, including e-readers with E Ink electronic paper displays and Kindle applications on all major computing platforms. All Kindle devices integrate with Windows and macOS file systems and Kindle Store content and, as of March 2018, the store had over six million e-books available in the United States.
Naming and evolution
In 2004, Amazon founder and CEO Jeff Bezos instructed the company's employees to build the world's best electronic reader before Amazon's competitors could. Amazon originally used the codename Fiona for the device.Branding consultants Michael Cronan and Karin Hibma devised the Kindle name. Lab126 asked them to name the product, and they suggested "kindle", meaning to light a fire. They felt this was an apt metaphor for reading and intellectual excitement.
Kindle hardware evolved from the original Kindle introduced in 2007 and the Kindle DX introduced in 2009. The DX remained the only non-6" E Ink Kindle device until the 2017 introduction of the Oasis 2. The range included early generation devices with a keyboard, devices with touch-sensitive, lighted, high-resolution screens, early generations of a tablet computer with the Kindle app, and low-priced devices with a touch-sensitive screen. However, the Kindle e-reader has often been a narrow-purpose device for reading rather than being multipurpose hardware that might create distractions while reading. Active Content support was introduced in 2010 only to be dropped from new Kindle devices in late 2014. After the first three generations, the Kindle Fire tablet branding was changed to Amazon Fire in 2014; this name change reflected their wider capabilities as an Android-derived tablet. Other later developments include devices with larger E Ink displays such as the Kindle Oasis 2 at 7" and the Paperwhite 5 at 6.8", as well as a device with a 10.2" screen and Wacom stylus support called the Kindle Scribe. In 2022 Amazon also introduced the 11th gen Kindle with a 300 PPI display, ending the use of the 6" 167 PPI display that had been on every basic Kindle since 2007. In 2024 Amazon introduced the first color E Ink Kindle, the Kindle Colorsoft Signature Edition. In 2025 Amazon updated the Scribe lineup with a new design and introduced a Scribe Colorsoft model.
Amazon has also released Kindle apps for a wide range of devices and platforms, including Windows, macOS, Android, iOS, BlackBerry 10 and Windows Phone. Amazon also has a cloud reader to allow users to read e-books using modern web browsers.
Device specifications
| Model | Kindle OS | Launch | Model number | Price | Display | CPU | Memory | Storage | Sound | Ports | Input | Connectivity | Battery | Dimensions | Weight | IP code | |
| Kindle | 1 | 1.2.1 | November 19, 2007 | D00111 | $399 | , 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 4-level grayscale | Marvell Xscale PXA255 400 MHz, ARM9 | 64 MB | 256/180 MB | Speakers, 3.5mm headphone Jack | USB 2.0 Mini-B port, SD card, 3.5 mm headphone jack, charging port | Keyboard, Scroll wheel | Amazon Whispernet | H W D | No | ||
| Kindle 2 | 2 | 2.5.8 | February 23, 2009 | D00511 D00701 | $299 | 6-inch, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale i.MX31 532 MHz, ARM11 | 32 MB | 2/1.4 GB | Speakers, 3.5mm headphone Jack | USB 2.0 Micro-B port, 3.5 mm headphone jack | Keyboard, D-pad | Amazon Whispernet | H W D | No | ||
| Kindle 2 International | 2 | 2.5.8 | October 19, 2009 | $279 | 6-inch, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale i.MX31 532 MHz, ARM11 | 32 MB | 2/1.4 GB | Speakers, 3.5mm headphone Jack | USB 2.0 Micro-B port, 3.5 mm headphone jack | Keyboard, D-pad | Amazon Whispernet | H W D | No | |||
| Kindle DX | 2 | 2.5.8 | June 10, 2009 | D00611 | $489 | 9.7-inch, 824 × 1200 pixels, 150 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale i.MX31 532 MHz, ARM11 | 128 MB | 4/3 GB | Speakers, 3.5mm headphone Jack | USB 2.0 Micro-B port, 3.5 mm headphone jack | Keyboard, D-pad | Amazon Whispernet | W D | No | ||
| Kindle DX International | 2 | 2.5.8 | January 6, 2010 | ? | 9.7-inch, 824 × 1200 pixels, 150 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale i.MX31 532 MHz, ARM11 | 128 MB | 4/3 GB | Speakers, 3.5mm headphone Jack | USB 2.0 Micro-B port, 3.5 mm headphone jack | Keyboard, D-pad | Amazon Whispernet | W D | No | |||
| Kindle DX Graphite | 2 | 2.5.8 | July 1, 2010 | D00801 | $379 | 9.7-inch, 824 × 1200 pixels, 150 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale i.MX31 532 MHz, ARM11 | 128 MB | 4/3 GB | Speakers, 3.5mm headphone Jack | USB 2.0 Micro-B port, 3.5 mm headphone jack | Keyboard, D-pad | Amazon Whispernet | W D | No | ||
| Kindle Keyboard | 3 | 3.4.3 | August 27, 2010 | D00901 | Wi-Fi: $139 3G: $189 | 6-inch, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale i.MX35 532 MHz, ARM11 | 256 MB | 4/3 GB | Speakers, 3.5mm headphone Jack | USB 2.0 Micro-B port, 3.5 mm headphone jack | Keyboard, D-pad | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bg Wi-Fi | 1,750 mAh | H W D | Wi-Fi: 3G: | No |
| Kindle 4 | 4 | 4.1.4 | September 28, 2011 | D01100 | No ads: $109 Ads: $79 | 6-inch, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale i.MX508 800 MHz | 256 MB | 2/1.25 GB | - | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | D-pad | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi | 890 mAh | H W D | No | |
| Kindle Touch | 4 | 5.3.7.3 | November 15, 2011 | D01200 | No ads: Wi-Fi: $149 3G: $189Ads: Wi-Fi: $99 3G: $139 | 6-inch, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale i.MX508 800 MHz | 256 MB | 4/3 GB | Speakers, 3.5mm headphone jack | USB 2.0 Micro-B port, 3.5 mm headphone jack | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi | 1,420 mAh | H W D | Wi-Fi: 3G: | No |
| Kindle 5 | 5 | 4.1.4 | September 6, 2012 | D01100 | No ads: $90 Ads: $70 | 6-inch, 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale i.MX508 800 MHz | 256 MB | 2/1.25 GB | - | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | D-pad | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi | 890 mAh | H W D | No | |
| Kindle Paperwhite | 5 | 5.6.1.1 | October 1, 2012 | EY21 | No ads: Wi-Fi: $140 3G: $200Ads: Wi-Fi: $120 3G: $180 | 6-inch, 768 × 1024 pixels, 212 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | Freescale i.MX508 800 MHz | 256 MB | 2/1.25 GB | - | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi | 1,420 mAh | H W D | Wi-Fi: 3G: | No |
| Kindle Paperwhite 2 | 6 | 5.12.2.2 | Wi-Fi: September 30, 2013 3G: November 5, 2013 | DP75SDI | No ads: Wi-Fi: $140 3G: $210Ads: Wi-Fi: $119 3G: $139 | 6-inch, 768 × 1024 pixels, 212 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz | 256 MB | 2/1.25 GB or 4/3 GB | - | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi | 1,420 mAh | H W D | Wi-Fi: 3G: | No |
| Kindle 7 | 7 | 5.12.2.2 | October 2, 2014 | WP63GW | No ads: $100 Ads: $80 | , 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz | 256 MB | 4/3 GB | - | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi | 890 mAh | H W D | No | |
| Kindle Voyage | 7 | 5.13.6 | November 4, 2014 | NM460GZ | No ads: Wi-Fi: $220 3G: $290Ads: Wi-Fi: $200 3G: $270 | 6-inch, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz | 512 MB | 4/3 GB | USB | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi | 1,320mAh | H W D | Wi-Fi: 3G: | No |
| Kindle Paperwhite 3 | 7 | 5.16.2.1.1 | June 30, 2015 | DP75SDI | No ads: Wi-Fi: $140 3G: $210Ads: Wi-Fi: $120 3G: $190 | 6-inch, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz | 512 MB | 4/3 GB | USB | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi | 1,420 mAh | H W D | Wi-Fi: 3G: | No |
| Kindle Oasis | 8 | 5.16.2.1.1 | April 27, 2016 | SW56RW | $289.99 – $379.99 | 6-inch, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz | 512 MB | 4/3 GB | Bluetooth | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 245 mAh 1,535 mAh | H W D D | Wi-Fi: 3G: Cover only: | No |
| Kindle 8 | 8 | 5.16.2.1.1 | June 22, 2016 | SY69JL | No ads: $100 Ads: $80 | , 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale | Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz | 512 MB | 4/3 GB | Bluetooth | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 890 mAh | H W D | No | |
| Kindle Oasis 2 | 9 | 5.16.2.1.1 | October 31, 2017 | CW24WI | $249.99 – $349.99 | 7-inch, 1264 × 1680 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | NXP i.MX7D 1 GHz | 512 MB | 8/6 GB or 32/30 GB | Bluetooth | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 1,000 mAh | H W D | IPX8 | |
| Kindle Paperwhite 4 | 10 | 5.18.1 | November 7, 2018 | PQ94WIF | $129.99+ | 6-inch, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz | 512 MB | 8/6 GB or 32/30 GB | Bluetooth | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 1,500 mAh | H W D | Wi-Fi: 3G: | IPX8 |
| Kindle 10 | 10 | 5.18.1 | April 10, 2019 | J9G29R | No ads: $109.99 Ads: $89.99 | , 600 × 800 pixels, 167 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | Freescale/NXP i.MX6 SoloLite 1 GHz | 512 MB | 4/3 GB or 8/6 GB | Bluetooth | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 1,040 mAh | H W D | No | |
| Kindle Oasis 3 | 10 | 5.18.2 | July 24, 2019 | S8IN4O | $249.99 – $349.99 | 7-inch, 1264 × 1680 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | NXP i.MX7D 1 GHz | 512 MB | 8/6 GB or 32/30 GB | Bluetooth | USB 2.0 Micro-B port | Touchscreen | Amazon Whispernet, 802.11bgn Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 1,130 mAh | H W D | IPX8 | |
| Kindle Paperwhite 5 | 11 | 5.18.6 | October 27, 2021 | M2L3EK | $139.99 – $159.99 | 6.8-inch, 1236 × 1648 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | MediaTek MT8110 1 GHz | 512 MB | 8GB or 16 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C port | Touchscreen | Dual-band 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 1,700 mAh | H W D | IPX8 | |
| Kindle Paperwhite 5 Signature Edition | 11 | 5.18.6 | October 27, 2021 | M2L4EK | $189.99 | 6.8-inch, 1236 × 1648 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | MediaTek MT8110 1 GHz | 512 MB | 32/30 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C port Qi charging | Touchscreen | Dual-band 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 1,700 mAh | H W D | IPX8 | |
| Kindle 11 | 11 | 5.18.6 | October 12, 2022 | C2V2L3 | No ads: $119.99 Ads: $99.99 | 6-inch, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | MediaTek MT8113 2 GHz | 512 MB | 16 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C port | Touchscreen | Dual-band 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 1,040 mAh | H W D | No | |
| Kindle Scribe | 11 | 5.18.6 | November 30, 2022 | C4A6T4 | 16 GB with Basic Pen: $339.99 64 GB with Premium Pen: $419.99 | 10.2-inch, 1860 × 2480 pixels, 300 PPI, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | MediaTek MT8113 2 GHz | 1 GB | 16 GB, 32 GB or 64 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C port | Touchscreen, Stylus Pen | Dual-band 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 3,000 mAh | H W D | No | |
| Kindle 11 | 11 | 5.18.6 | October 16, 2024 | RS23CV | No ads: $129.99 Ads: $109.99 | 6-inch, 1072 × 1448 pixels, 300 PPI, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | MediaTek MT8113 | ? | 16 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C port | Touchscreen | Dual-band 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | ? | 6.2 in H 4.3 in W 0.32 in D | 5.56 oz | No |
| Kindle Paperwhite 6 | 12 | 5.18.6 | October 16, 2024 | SA568B | No ads: $179.99 Ads: $159.99 | 7-inch, 1264 × 1680 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | ? | ? | 16 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C port | Touchscreen | Dual-band 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 1,900 mAh | 7 in H 5 in W 0.3 in D | 7.4 oz | IPX8 |
| Kindle Paperwhite 6 Signature Edition | 12 | 5.18.6 | October 16, 2024 | SA569P | $199.99 | 7-inch, 1264 × 1680 pixels, 300 PPI density, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | ? | ? | 32 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C port Qi charging | Touchscreen | Dual-band 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 1,900 mAh | 7 in H 5 in W 0.3 in D | 7.5 oz | IPX8 |
| Kindle Colorsoft Signature Edition | 12 | 5.18.6 | October 30, 2024 | SA59CP | $279.99 | 7-inch, 1264 × 1680 pixels, 300 ppi B&W, 150 ppi color, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | MediaTek MT8113 2 GHz | ? | 32 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C port Qi charging | Touchscreen | Dual-band 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | 2,310 mAh | 7 in H 5 in W 0.3 in D | 7.7oz | IPX8 |
| Kindle Scribe | 11 | 5.18.6 | December 4, 2024 | C4A6T4 | $399.99 | 10.2-inch, 1860 × 2480 pixels, 300 PPI, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | ? | ? | 16 GB, 32 GB or 64 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C port | Touchscreen, Stylus Pen | Dual-band 802.11 Wi-Fi, Bluetooth | ? | 9.0 in H 7.7 in W 0.22 in D | Device: 15.3oz Premium Pen:.60 oz | No |
| Kindle Colorsoft | 12 | 5.18.6 | July 24, 2025 | $249.99 | 7-inch, 1264 × 1680 pixels, 300 ppi B&W, 150 ppi color, 16-level grayscale, LED frontlit | MediaTek MT8113 2 GHz | ? | 16 GB | USB-C port | Touchscreen | 7 in H 5 in W 0.3 in D | ||||||
| Kindle Scribe Colorsoft | 12 | 5.18.6 | December, 2025 | $629.99 | 11-inch, 300 ppi B&W, 150 ppi color 16-level gray scale | 32 GB, 64 GB | Bluetooth | USB-C | Touchscreen, Stylus Pen | 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz Wi-Fi, WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3, and WPS. No ad-hoc support. | Device : 9.6 x 7.4 x 0.21 inches 245 x 189 x 5.4 mm Premium Pen: 6.1 x.35 inches 155 x 8.8 mm | Device: 14.1oz Premium pen: 0.6oz | No |