Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug


Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, also known as Khanty-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia. It has a population of 1,532,243 as of the 2010 Census. Its administrative center is located at Khanty-Mansiysk.
The peoples native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob-Ugric peoples, but today the two groups only constitute 2.5% of the region's population. The local languages, Khanty and Mansi, are part of the Ugric branch of the Finno-Ugric language family, and enjoy a special status in the autonomous okrug. Russian remains the only official language.
In 2012, the majority of the oil produced in Russia came from Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance in Russia and the world. It borders Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the north, Komi Republic to the northwest, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the west, the core of Tyumen Oblast to the south, Tomsk Oblast to the south and southeast and Krasnoyarsk Krai in the east.
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History

The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak-Vogul National Okrug. In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR, it became an autonomous okrug. In 2003, the word "Yugra" was appended to the official name.

Geography

The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain.
Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributaries Irtysh and Vatinsky Yogan. There are numerous lakes in the okrug, the largest ones are Numto, Tormemtor, Leushinsky Tuman and Tursuntsky Tuman, among others.
The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug.

Demographics

Population: 1,674,676 ;
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km2, but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk, but the largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.

Ethnic groups

The Indigenous population is only 2.8% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2021 Census counted 17 ethnic groups of more than five thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:
Population of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug:
Ethnic GroupPopulation%
Russian888,66070.3%
Tatar79,7276.3%
Ukrainian41,5963.3%
Bashkir29,7172.4%
Tajik21,7911.7%
Azeri21,2591.7%
Khanty19,5681.5%
Lezgin15,2681.2%
Kumyk13,6691.1%
Uzbek12,3611.0%
Mansi11,0650.9%
Nogai9,9900.8%
Chuvash7,7860.6%
Chechen7,0850.6%
Belarusian6,1560.5%
Kyrgyz5,5620.4%
Moldovan5,2970.4%
Other48,1943.8%

Historical population figures are shown below:

Vital statistics

Source:
Average population Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate Crude death rate Natural change Fertility rates
19702815 9592 0253 93421.27.214.0-
19754159 4502 5726 87822.86.216.6-
198064913 9014 1169 78521.46.315.1-
19851 04125 1304 86320 26724.14.719.5-
19901 27421 8125 35416 45817.14.212.9-
19911 27619 0605 88413 17614.94.610.3-
19921 27015 8497 1328 71712.55.66.9-
19931 27414 5319 4015 13011.47.44.01,59
19941 28615 1209 9375 18311.87.74.01,59
19951 29814 41810 0414 37711.17.73.41,46
19961 31014 4699 5084 96111.07.33.81,39
19971 33014 6408 4976 14311.06.44.61,34
19981 35115 6008 1647 43611.56.05.51,39
19991 35914 7288 4766 25210.86.24.61,29
20001 37215 5799 4266 15311.46.94.51,34
20011 39817 1309 8637 26712.37.15.21,43
20021 42619 0519 8299 22213.46.96.51,54
20031 44519 88310 0009 88313.86.96.81,58
20041 45620 3779 82810 54914.06.87.21,59
20051 46619 95810 4159 54313.67.16.51,54
20061 47620 36610 07710 28913.86.87.01,56
20071 48721 88710 09311 79414.76.87.91,66
20081 50023 19710 21512 98215.56.88.71,74
20091 51323 84010 10713 73315.86.79.11,77
20101 52725 08910 44714 64216.46.89.61,84
20111 54325 33510 07214 64216.46.59.91,86
20121 55827 6869 94917 73717.66.311.32,02

Religion

According to a 2012 survey 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith or to Khanty-Mansi native faith. Muslims constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population declares to be spiritual but not religious, 11% is atheist, and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.
According to recent reports Jehovah's Witnesses have been subjected to torture and detention in Surgut.

Transport

In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks is 1,106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.