National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia


The National Intangible Cultural Heritage of Indonesia is a "living culture" that contains philosophical elements from the traditions of society and is still handed down from generation to generation. Edi Sedyawati added an important element in the notion of intangible cultural heritage is the nature of culture that cannot be held, such as concepts and technology, its nature can pass and disappear in time with the times such as language, music, dance, ceremony, and various other structured behaviors. Thus, cultural heritage is shared by a community or community and experiences development from generation to generation, in the flow of a tradition. The Ministry of Education and Culture of Indonesia records and establishes a list of intangible cultural heritage. As of June 2020, a total of 9,770 cultural heritages have been recorded and 1,086 of them have been designated.

Law

The legal basis for the activities of recording, stipulating, and nominating the Intangible Cultural Heritage is as follows:
  1. Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright ;
  2. Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 78 of 2007 concerning Ratification of the UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of 2003 ;
  3. Presidential Regulation Number 7 of 2015 concerning Educational Organizations and State Ministries;
  4. Presidential Regulation Number 14 of 2015 concerning the Ministry of Education and Culture;
  5. Presidential Decree Number 121/P of 2014 concerning the Establishment of Ministries and the Appointment of Ministers of the Working Cabinet for the 2014-2019 Period;
  6. Decree of the President of the Republic of Indonesia Number 42 of 2002 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget, as last amended by Presidential Decree Number 72 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Decisions the President Number 42 of 2002 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of the State Revenue and Expenditure Budget ;
  7. Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 1 of 2012 concerning Organization and Work Procedure of the Ministry of Education and Culture as last amended by Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 25 of 2014 ;
  8. Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture Number 106 of 2013 concerning Indonesian Intangible Cultural Heritage;

Background

Referring to the 2003 UNESCO convention on safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage called Intangible Cultural Heritage divided into five domains, each domain and its explanation, among others:

Performing Arts

Performing arts consist of:
  1. Dance: movement patterns ; dancer, location ; accompaniment music ; costumes ; lighting ; composition ; purpose ; type; and dance forms;
  2. Sound Art: singer, poetry, song lyrics, tone system, instruments, location, time, clothing, genre ;
  3. Art of Music: musical instruments, types of music, tone systems, goals, players, rules of playing musical instruments, assemblies ;
  4. Theater Arts: stage, performers, plays, costumes, time, location, musical instruments, lighting.

Traditions and Oral Expressions

Cultural works included in Traditions and Oral Expressions are:
  1. Language: alphabet, dialect, grammar, speech act, language level
  2. Ancient Manuscripts: in the form of books, chronicles, written on material, scripts, archives, language and writing that is not used anymore, and images in the manuscript. Ancient manuscripts can be in the form of books, letters of agreement, family letters, personal letters, scriptures, primbons, collection of songs
  3. Traditional Games and Sports: functions ; form of play ; type of game ; rules of the game ; player characteristics ; clothing when playing ; play time ; game materials ; and the location of the game
  4. Pantun: the contents of the poem, the rhymes of the poem, the grammar spoken, when it is read, the rules of reading it, the location, who is reciting, the purpose of being recited in the form of gurindam, poetry, song, poetry, poetry, pojian, syi'ir, hymns.
  5. Folk Story: the contents of the story, grammar, moral and meaning of the story contained, in the form of fairy tales, myth, legend, folklore, fable, epic;
  6. Mantra : language spoken, when it was read, rules for reading it, location, who read it, taboos and suggestions, goals;
  7. Prayer : language spoken, when it was read, rules for reading it, location, who read it, taboos and suggestions, goals;
  8. Folk song: playing, when, who, location, song lyrics, accompaniment and a cappella music, order of presentation. taksu, bissu.

Community Customs, Rites, and Celebrations

Community Customs, Rites, and Celebrations, consisting of:
  1. Traditional ceremony: individual life cycle and collective life cycle ; purpose ; location ; participants ; time ; rules, the order of the ceremony ; completeness ;
  2. Customary law: Content
  3. Social Organization System: leadership ; structure ; customary rules ; social organization area
  4. Traditional Kinship System: Types of kinship, hierarchy, relationships between hierarchies, rules of kinship
  5. Traditional Economic System: market based on the market ; market based on days ; barter, bargaining, method of payment ;
  6. Traditional Festival: destination ; location ; participants ; time ; rules, the order of the festival ; completeness, organizer / committee;

Knowledge and Habits of Behavior Regarding Nature and the Universe

Knowledge and Habits of Behavior Regarding Nature and the Universe, consisting of:
  1. Knowledge about nature, ; Cosmology ;
  2. Local Wisdom: disaster mitigation, ecological conservation, harmony of life, tolerance;
  3. Traditional Medicine: healing options, treatment techniques, treatment materials, healers ; etiology of the disease.

Traditional Crafts Skills and Proficiency

Traditional Crafts Skills and Proficiency, consisting of
  1. Traditional Technology
  2. Traditional Architecture ; anthropomorphic ; building based on decorative motifs; maker ; the direction of the building ; division of page functions ; division of function space; buildings are determined by status.
  3. Traditional Clothing: ; user status; time and procedure for use; function ; user gender
  4. Traditional Accessories: ; user status; the location of usage; user gender; time and procedure for use; function ;
  5. Traditional Crafts: materials ; tooling; craftsmen ; handiwork ; workmanship techniques
  6. Traditional cuisine: recipes ; food ingredients ; process ; cook, time of presentation, location of presentation, presentation procedures, destinations, serving media ; the meaning of food, cooking utensils, how to eat.
  7. Media of Transportation: knowledge about animals that can be used for transportation ; knowledge of making modes of transportation
  8. Traditional Weapons: philosophy of making weapons ; materials, functions and roles ; makers, weapons users, procedures for use, time, the manufacturing process, ornaments.

Lists by province

[South Sumatra]