Hyperforeignism
A hyperforeignism is a type of hypercorrection where speakers identify an inaccurate pattern in loanwords from a foreign language and then apply that pattern to other loanwords. This results in a pronunciation of those loanwords which does not reflect the rules of either language. For example, the in habanero is pronounced as in Spanish, but English-speakers often pronounce it as, as if the word were spelled habañero.
Hyperforeignisms can manifest in a number of ways, including the application of the spelling or pronunciation rules of one language to a word borrowed from another.
Intentional hyperforeignisms can be used for comedic effect, such as pronouncing Report with a silent in The Colbert Report or pronouncing Target as, as though it were an upscale boutique. This form of hyperforeignism is a way of poking fun at those who earnestly adopt foreign-sounding pronunciations of pseudo-loanwords.
English
Examples:- parmesan, sometimes as in US English.
- Mandarin Chinese names like Beijing with :.
French words
A number of words of French origin feature a final that is pronounced in English but silent in the original language. For example, the noun cache is sometimes pronounced, as though it were spelled either or . In French, the final is silent and the word is pronounced. The word cadre is sometimes pronounced in English, as though it were of Spanish origin. In French, the final is silent and a common English pronunciation is.Legal English is replete with words derived from Norman French, which for a long time was the language of the courts in England and Wales. The correct pronunciation of Norman French is often closer to a natural contemporary English reading than to modern French: the attempt to pronounce these phrases as if they were modern French could therefore be considered to be a hyperforeignism. For example, the clerk's summons "Oyez!" is commonly pronounced ending in a consonant, or.
A common pattern is pronouncing French loanwords without a word-final, as with derrière, peignoir, and répertoire - a normal pronunciation in both Canadian and Acadian French vernacular of North America. In Metropolitan French /r/ is optional as a word ending, whereas the vowel just in front of it is always long, contrasting with vowels being almost always short in word-ending positions.
Another common pattern, influenced by French morphophonology, is the omission of word-final consonants. Hyperforeign application of this tendency occurs with omission of these consonants in words with final consonants that are pronounced in French. This occurs notably in the term coup de grâce, in which some speakers omit the final consonant, although it is pronounced in French as ; omitting this consonant instead sounds like coup de gras, meaning a nonsensical "blow of fat." Other examples of this include Vichyssoise.
Speakers of American English typically pronounce lingerie.
Hindi words
The in the name of the Taj Mahal or raj is often rendered, but a closer approximation to the Hindi sound is.Italian words
The in Adagio may be realized as, even though the soft of Italian represents an affricate.Patrizia Giampieri observed that many pseudo-English words can be found in Italian, such as autostop and flipper. Perception of English as a prestige language among some Italian speakers may explain the popularity of hyperforeign vocabulary items such as these.
Russian words
Because the Russian loanword dacha looks like it could be German, the pronunciation, with a velar fricative, shows an attempt at marking a word as foreign, but with a sound not originally present in the source word.Spanish words
The digraph of Spanish generally represents, similar to English. Hyperforeign realizations of many Spanish loanwords or proper names may substitute other sounds. Examples include a French-style in the surname Chávez and in Che Guevara, or a German-influenced or Ancient Greek-influenced in machismo. The in the Spanish word chorizo is sometimes realized as by English speakers, reflecting more closely the pronunciation of and in Italian and Italian loanwords in English. This is not the pronunciation of present-day Spanish, however. Rather, the in chorizo represents or in Spanish.Swedish
The Swedish word smorgasbord is often pronounced by English speakers with a at the start instead of.Other languages
Polish
Hyperforeignisms sometimes occur in Polish with English loanwords or names. One example would be the name Roosevelt, which is pronounced, as if it started like ooze, even though a natural Dutch pronunciation would be closer to the English one.Polish loanwords from Japanese are often subject to hyperforeignism. The names of three of the four main islands of Japan, Honsiu, Kiusiu, and Sikoku, are already Polish transcriptions with close approximations of Japanese sounds—,, and —but are often pronounced with changing native into foreign. Other Japanese words use English-based transcriptions, which causes further problems.
Phenian, a now obsolete Polish name for Pyongyang, which was a transcription of Russian Пхеньян, is commonly pronounced, as if ⟨ph⟩ represented the voiceless labiodental fricative like in words of Greek origin.