Heterotheca
Heterotheca is a genus of North American plants in the family Asteraceae.
Etymology
Heterotheca comes from Ancient Greek ἕτερος "other, different" and θήκη "case, chest" and refers to the difference in shape, in some species in the genus, between the cypselae of the disk and ray florets.
Description, biology
These are annual and perennial herbs bearing daisy-like flower heads with yellow disc florets and usually yellow ray florets, associated with mesic to xeric habitats across North America. Several species now included in Heterotheca were previously classified in the genus Chrysopsis.
Heterotheca species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of some species of Lepidoptera including Schinia lynx, Schinia nubila and Schinia saturata.
Chemistry
The leaf volatiles from which the name "camphorweed" is derived include camphor, but as a minor constituent ; of the 41 documented volatiles in Heterotheca subaxillaris, for example, caryophyllene, pinene, borneol, myrcene, and limonene each comprise over 5% of the total.
Species
The following species are recognized in the genus Heterotheca:Heterotheca angustifolia G.L.Nesom - southeastern Colorado to central U.S.AHeterotheca arenaria G.L.Nesom - CaliforniaHeterotheca arizonica G.L.Nesom - Arizona to western Texas and Mexico Heterotheca ballardii G.L.Nesom - central Canada to northwestern & northern central U.S.A.Heterotheca bolanderi V.L.Harms - CaliforniaHeterotheca brandegeei Semple - northern Baja California Heterotheca camphorata Semple - California Heterotheca camporum Shinners - Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Virginia, North Carolina, New JerseyHeterotheca canescens Shinners - Nuevo León, Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri, IowaHeterotheca chihuahuana B.L.Turner - California Heterotheca cinerascens G.L.Nesom - Idaho to Arizona Heterotheca cryptocephala G.L.Nesom - southern and central New Mexico Heterotheca depressa Dorn - Montana to northern UtahHeterotheca excelsior G.L.Nesom - Nevada Heterotheca fastigiata V.L.Harms - CaliforniaHeterotheca fulciens G.L.Nesom - Nevada to Utah and ArizonaHeterotheca fulcrata Shinners - Coahuila, Tamaulipas, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, IdahoHeterotheca grandiflora - telegraphweed - Baja California, California, Arizona, Nevada, UtahHeterotheca gypsophila B.L.Turner - Nuevo LeónHeterotheca harmsiana G.L.Nesom - Mexico Heterotheca hartmanii G.L.Nesom - Colorado, WyomingHeterotheca hirsuta G.L.Nesom - western and central Canada to northeastern and west-central U.S.A.Heterotheca hirsutissima G.L.Nesom - Wyoming to northeastern Arizona and western Texas, Mexico Heterotheca hispida G.L.Nesom - western and central Canada to northwestern and west-central U.S.A.Heterotheca incensa G.L.Nesom - southwestern Wyoming to UtahHeterotheca inflata G.L.Nesom - eastern and southeastern Utah to ColoradoHeterotheca inuloides Cass. - Mexican arnica - Nuevo León to OaxacaHeterotheca jonesii S.L.Welsh & N.D.Atwood - UtahHeterotheca joshuana G.L.Nesom - southern CaliforniaHeterotheca komarekiae G.L.Nesom - Colorado Heterotheca loboensis G.L.Nesom - south-central U.S.A.Heterotheca marcbakeri G.L.Nesom - west-central ArizonaHeterotheca marginata Semple - ArizonaHeterotheca mayoensis G.L.Nesom - northern MexicoHeterotheca mexicana V.L.Harms ex B.L.Turner - DurangoHeterotheca monarchensis D.A.York, Shevock & Semple - monarch golden aster - Fresno County in CaliforniaHeterotheca mucronata V.L.Harms ex B.L.Turner - Nuevo León, Coahuila, TamaulipasHeterotheca nitidula G.L.Nesom - eastern Arizona to western and west-central New MexicoHeterotheca oregona Shinners - Washington to CaliforniaHeterotheca orovillosa G.L.Nesom - southwestern Oregon to California and western NevadaHeterotheca paniculata G.L.Nesom - Colorado to central New MexicoHeterotheca pedunculata G.L.Nesom - Arizona to Colorado and New MexicoHeterotheca polothrix G.L.Nesom - western and southwestern Colorado to northern & eastern ArizonaHeterotheca postpetrinis G.L.Nesom - UtahHeterotheca pumila Semple - Colorado, Wyoming, Utah, New MexicoHeterotheca resinolens G.L.Nesom - southern Wyoming to ColoradoHeterotheca rosei G.L.Nesom - MexicoHeterotheca rudis G.L.Nesom - western Oregon to northern and northwestern CaliforniaHeterotheca rutteri Shinners - Arizona, SonoraHeterotheca sanctarum G.L.Nesom - CaliforniaHeterotheca sandersii G.L.Nesom - southern CaliforniaHeterotheca scaberrima G.L.Nesom - CaliforniaHeterotheca scabrifolia G.L.Nesom - southern Nebraska to TexasHeterotheca scelionis G.L.Nesom - OregonHeterotheca schneideri G.L.Nesom - southwestern ColoradoHeterotheca sessiliflora Shinners - sessileflower false golden aster - Baja California, CaliforniaHeterotheca shevockii Semple - Kern Canyon false golden aster - Kern County in CaliforniaHeterotheca sierrablancensis G.L.Nesom - south-central New Mexico.Heterotheca stenophylla Shinners - Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Iowa, MinnesotaHeterotheca subaxillaris Britton & Rusby - camphorweed, camphor weed, false goldenaster - widespread from Belize to California, South Dakota, and MassachusettsHeterotheca thiniicola B.L.TurnerHeterotheca utahensis G.L.Nesom - southern Idaho to northwestern ColoradoHeterotheca vespertina G.L.Nesom - western Canada to northwestern U.S.A.Heterotheca villosa Shinners - central Canada to central U.S.A.Heterotheca villosissima G.L.Nesom - CaliforniaHeterotheca viridis G.L.Nesom - Mexico Heterotheca viscida V.L.Harms - Arizona, New Mexico, TexasHeterotheca wisconsinensis Shinners - central WisconsinHeterotheca zionensis Semple - Zion golden aster - Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, Idaho, Wyoming
Formerly included
Many species have been included in Heterotheca at various times in the past, but are now regarded as sharing ancestry with other genera. The most common of these genera is Chrysopsis, but others include Aster, Bradburia, Osbertia, Munnozia, Pityopsis and ''Tomentaurum.''