Gombe State
Gombe State is a state in northeastern Nigeria, bordered to the north and northeast by the states of Borno in the vicinity of Gongola River and Lake Dadin Kowa and Yobe in the vicinity of Gongola River, to the south by Taraba State, to the southeast by Adamawa State, and to the west by Bauchi State. Gombe is the state capital of Gombe state and it was formed from a part of Bauchi State on 1 October 1996. Of the 36 states in Nigeria, Gombe is the 22nd largest in area and the 32nd most populous, with an estimated population of about 3.25 million as of 2016. The state bears a slogan "Jewel in the Savannah".
Geographically, the state is within the tropical West Sudanian savanna ecoregion. Important geographic features include the Gongola River — which flows through Gombe's north and east into Lake Dadin Kowa — and part of the Muri Mountains, a small range in the state's far south. Among the state's nature endowments are a number of snake species, including carpet viper, puff adder, and Egyptian cobra populations along with hippopotamus, Senegal parrot, and grey-headed kingfisher populations.
The state is inhabited by various ethnic groups, primarily the Fulani people living in the north and center of the state, and the Tangale, living in the Southern and Central part of the state, while the state's diverse eastern and southern regions are populated by the Cham, Dadiya, Jara, Kamo, Pero, Tangale, Tera, Lunguda and Waja peoples. Religiously, between 65% and 70% of the state's populations are Muslim while the Christian minority comprises between 30% and 35%.
In the pre-colonial period, the area that is now Gombe State was split up between various states until the early 1800s when the Fulani jihad seized much of the area to the Northern Gombe and formed the Gombe Emirate under the Sokoto Caliphate while the Tangale seized the Southern Area to establish their Maidom which has traceable history to ElKanemi - Maiduguri migration. In the 1910s, British expeditions occupied the Emirate and the surrounding areas, incorporating them into the Northern Nigeria Protectorate which later merged into British Nigeria before becoming independent as Nigeria in 1960. Originally, modern-day Gombe State was a part of the post-independence Northern Region until 1967 when the region was split and the area became part of the North-Eastern State. After the North-Eastern State was split, Bauchi State was formed in 1976 alongside ten other states. Twenty years afterwards, a group of LGAs in Bauchi's west were broken off to form the new Gombe State.
Economically, Gombe State is largely based around agriculture, mainly of sorghum, maize, groundnuts, millet, beans, rice and tomatoes mostly in the Central and Southern axis. Other key industries are services, especially in the city of Gombe, and the herding of camels, cattle, goats, and sheep which are predominantly in the Northern axis of the state. Gombe has the fourth lowest Human Development Index and one of the lowest GDPs in the country.
Overview
The state has an area of 20,265 km2 and a population of around 2,365,000 people as of 2006.It was formed in October 1996, from part of the old Bauchi State by the Abacha military government. The state is located in Nigeria's Guinea savannah and Sudan savannah belts. Undulating hills, sandy rocks, and a few volcanic rocks make up the landscape. Its location in the northeastern zone, right within the expansive savannah, allows the state to share common borders with the states of Borno, Yobe, Taraba, Adamawa and Bauchi.
Gombe has two distinct climates, the dry season and the rainy season with an average rainfall of 850mm.
Local Government Areas
Gombe State consists of eleven local government areas. They are:| LGA | Area | Census 2006 population | Administrative capital | Postal code |
| Akko | 2,627 | 337,853 | Kumo | 771 |
| Balanga | 1,626 | 212,549 | Tallase | 761 |
| Billiri | 737 | 202,144 | Billiri | 771 |
| Dukku | 3,815 | 207,190 | Dukku | 760 |
| Funakaye | 1,415 | 236,087 | Bajoga | 762 |
| Gombe | 52 | 268,000 | Gombe (city) | 760 |
| Kaltungo | 881 | 149,805 | Kaltungo | 770 |
| Kwami | 1,787 | 195,298 | Mallam Sidi | 760 |
| Nafada | 1,586 | 138,185 | Nafada | 762 |
| Shongom | 922 | 151,520 | Boh | 770 |
| Yamaltu/Deba | 2,181 | 355,248 | Deba | 761 |
Demographics
Gombe State is a multi-ethnic society that consists of the majority Fulani and Tangale tribe, who inhabit the northern, southern and central parts of the state, but in reality Fulani are the largest tribe in Gombe State. The Fulani are in 6 while the Tangle are also in 2 out of the 11 Local Government Areas of the state. These include Dukku, Funakaye, Nafada, Akko, kwami and Gombe LGAs while for Tangale it includes Billiri and Kaltungo LGAs. Apart from the Fulani and The Tangale. Other ethnicities include the Hausa, Tula, Longuda, Dadiya, Waja, Bangunji, Filiya, Awak, Tera, Waja, Bolewa, and Kanuri, with their different cultural as well as lingual affiliations.Religion
75-80% Muslim, 20-25% Christian, including the Anglican Diocese of Gombe led by Bishop Cletus Tambari, within the Province of Jos of the Church of Nigeria.The Roman Catholic Diocese of Bauchi includes Gombe with 92,620 followers in 28 parishes under Bishop Hilary Nanman Dachelem.
Politics
The state government is led by a democratically elected governor who works closely with members of the state's House of Assembly.The capital city of the state is Gombe.
The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two-thirds of the state local government areas. If no candidate passes the threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government areas.
Languages
Languages of Gombe State, listed by LGA:| LGA | Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Akko | Fulani, Jukun, Tangale | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balanga | Bangwinji, Centúúm, Dadiya, Dera, Dikaka, Dza, Kyak, Longuda, Moo, Tangale, Tso, Waja | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Billiri | Tangale | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dukku | Fulani, Bolewa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Funakaye | Fulani | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kaltungo | Awak, Tangale, Tula, Kamo, Yuwar, Cham | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kwami | Fulani, Kanuri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nafada | Fulani, Bolewa | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shongom | Tangale, Kushi, Moo, Loo, Wurkun, Pipero | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Yamaltu-Deba | Tera, FulaniPoliticsThe state is headed by the Executive Governor Muhammad Inuwa Yahaya and also has 24 State House Assembly members. Gombe has 11 local government areas and 14 emirates/chiefdoms. It has three Senators and six Members in the National Assembly.GovernorsThis is a list of administrators and governors of Gombe State.
RulersRulers of Gombe Emirate:
State agenciesWater BoardGombe State Water Board is a state government organisation that provides water for domestic, industrial and commercial purposes. It is governed by a board of directors appointed by the state governor, with a chairman, a chief executive or chief manager, and nine other members. They all serve on a part-time basis, other than the General Manager.Gombe Geographic Information SystemGombe Geographic Information System is a digitalised land administrative system that carries out the process of determining, recording, and disseminating information about land acquisition, ownership, value and land management policies in Gombe State.Gombe State Urban Planning and Development AuthorityGombe State Urban Planning and Development Authority facilitates and enforces planning regulations for the development of the Gombe State by issuing and regulating building approval for individuals or organizations that wish to develop their land.ClimateThe dry season in Gombe is partly cloudy, and the city has year-round high temperatures. The wet season is unpleasant and overcast. The temperature rarely falls below 52 °F or rises over 105 °F throughout the year, often ranging from 57 °F to 100 °F.Average TemperatureWith an average daily high temperature of 97 °F, the hot season spans 2.3 months, from February 17 to April 26. At 98 °F on average for highs and 74 °F for lows, April is the hottest month of the year in Gombe. With an average daily maximum temperature below 86 °F, the cool season spans 3.1 months, from July 6 to October 9. With an average low temperature of 58 °F and high temperature of 90 °F, December is the coldest month of the year in Gombe.Afforestation The Gombe State Government has started a four million tree planting programme as part of a renewed effort to stop deforestation in the North Central Zone. It is anticipated that the four-year plan, which would be implemented in parts. The first part of the scheme has already seen the government plant 1.3 million tree saplings. Flood Control The state government has taken preventive steps to lessen the impact of the impending floods and other environmental problems that are expected to hit the state. In order to protect people and property while minimizing the effects of upcoming weather events and their potentially fatal consequences, Governor Muhammadu Inuwa Yahaya has ordered the Ministry of Environment and Forest Resources to coordinate with pertinent stakeholders and activate state emergency response and management resources. In a recent report, heavy flooding in the State, has caused the destruction of 171 houses within a span of two months. The floods, have displaced numerous households and disrupted lives. The Gombe State Emergency Management Agency confirmed that nearly 1,000 households have been affected overall since the start of the 2025 rainy season, with 15 reported deaths linked to flood-related incidents. Localities such as Jurara in Kwami LGA and Jalingon Kamu in Kaltungo LGA have recorded displacements, with residents often relying on community support for refuge. The floods have inflicted damage on infrastructure and agricultural lands, further increasing the challenges faced by the affected populations. Response efforts by state agencies and humanitarian partners continue, focusing on relief provision, including shelter, food, and medical assistance. ErosionGombe State is still reeling from the devastating effects of a gully erosion that destroyed farmlands worth millions of Naira and damaged more than 200 homes. Despite state government efforts to lessen its effects, the gully erosions which particularly affected the Bogo neighborhood within the city have not been fully controlled.Air pollutionIn Gombe, the air quality is acceptable except for a very small number of people who are unusually sensitive to air pollution, to whom some pollutants may pose a moderate health risk.EducationSecondary Schools.
Health
TransportFederal highways are:
Sports
Notable people
Media StationsGombe State has many media stations some of which are;
EconomyMost of the population in Gombe State are farmers. Both food and cash crops are produced by them. Yam, cassava, maize, tomatoes, and groundnuts are some of its food crops, while cotton is grown for each.These goods supply the raw materials for the state's agricultural industries, including the groundnut oil mill, cotton gin, and tomato plant. Cement production, furniture manufacturing, block production, and other small-scale businesses are additional industries. Gombe has natural resources like uranium, gypsum, and limestone. Recently, petroleum deposits were reported to have been discovered in the state. |