List of German expressions in English

• German cultural artifacts, especially foods, have spread to English-speaking nations and often are identified either by their original German names or by German-sounding English names.
• Developments and discoveries in German-speaking nations in science, scholarship, and classical music have led to German words for new concepts, which have been adopted into English: for example the words doppelgänger and angst in psychology.
• Discussion of German history and culture requires some German words.
• Some German words are used in English narrative to identify that the subject expressed is in German, e.g., Frau, Reich.

German terms commonly used in English

Food and drink

• Altbier—a copper coloured, malt-forward, clean and crisp tasting, lighter-bodied beer with moderate bitterness from Rhineland.
• Berliner Weisse —a sour beer often infused with fruit syrup.
• Biergarten—an open-air drinking establishment.
• Bock—a strong beer.
• Braunschweiger—a liverwurst cold-cut.
• Bratwurst —a type of frying sausage.
• Budweiser—a beer, named after Budweis, the German name of Budějovice, a city in Southern Bohemia.
• Bundt cake —a ring cake.
• Delicatessen —a speciality food retailer; fine foods.
• Dunkel —a dark beer.
• Emmentaler —a yellow, medium-hard Swiss cheese that originated in the area around Emmental, Canton Bern.
• Frankfurter —a type of sausage.
• Gose—a top-fermenting sour beer that originated in Goslar, Germany.
• Grätzer—a beer style named after Grätz, the German name of Grodzisk Wielkopolski, a city in Greater Poland
• Gugelhupf—a type of cake with a hole in the middle.
• Gummi bear —the non-Anglicized spelling of gummy bear.
• Hamburger—a sandwich with a meat patty and garnishments.
• Hasenpfeffer—a type of rabbit stew.
• Hefeweizen—an unfiltered wheat beer.
• Helles —a pale lager beer.
• Jagertee —an alcoholic beverage made by mixing overproof rum with black tea, red wine, plum brandy, orange juice, and various spices.
• Kaiser roll—a round bread roll, originally from Austria.
• Kellerbier—a lager beer, which is typically neither clarified nor pasteurised.
• Kinder Surprise —a chocolate egg containing a small toy, usually requiring assembly. However, despite being a German word, the Kinder chocolate brand is actually of Italian origin.
• Kipfel —a horn-shaped type of pastry.
• Kirschwasser—a spirit drink made from cherries.
• Knackwurst—a cooked sausage.
• Kohlrabi—a type of cabbage.
• Kölsch—a beer style from Cologne.
• Kommissbrot—a dark type of German bread, baked from rye and other flours.
• Lager—a beer made with bottom-fermenting yeast and stored for some time before serving.
• Leberwurst—a pork-liver sausage.
• Liptauer—a spicy cheese spread made with sheep milk cheese, goat cheese, quark, or cottage cheese, after Liptau, the German name of Liptov, a region in northern Slovakia.
• Märzen —a medium to full body lager beer.
• Maß—a unit of volume used for measuring beer; typically, but probably evolved from the old Bavarian unit of measure called Quartl.
• Mozartkugel, —a small, round sugar confection made of pistachio marzipan, and nougat, covered with dark chocolate.
• Muesli—a breakfast cereal.
• Noodle —a type of food; a string of pasta.
• Pfeffernüsse—peppernuts.
• Pilsener —a pale lager beer named after Pilsen, the German name of Plzeň, a city in Western Bohemia; contains higher amounts of hops than usual Lager beer, and therefore is a tad more bitter.
• Powidl—a spread made from plums.
• Pretzel —a flour and yeast-based pastry.
• Pumpernickel—a type of sourdough rye bread, strongly flavored, dense, and dark in color.
• Quark—a type of fresh cheese.
• Radler—a mixture of beer and lemonade.
• Rollmops—a rolled, pickled herring fillet.
• Saaz—a variety of hops named after Saaz, the German name of Žatec, a city in Northwestern Bohemia.
• Sauerkraut —fermented cabbage.
• Schnapps —a distilled alcoholic drink.
• Schwarzbier—a dark lager beer.
• Seltzer—carbonated water, a genericized trademark that derives from the German town Selters, which is renowned for its mineral springs.
• Spritzer —a chilled drink from white wine and soda water.
• Stein —a large drinking mug, usually for beer.
• Streusel—a crumb topping on a cake.
• Strudel—a filled pastry.
• Süffig—a beverage that is especially light and sweet or palatable; only the latter meaning is connoted with German süffig.
• Tafelspitz—boiled veal or beef in broth, served with a mix of minced apples and horseradish.
• Weisslacker —a type of cow's milk cheese.
• Wiener—a hot dog.
• Wiener Schnitzel—a crumbed veal cutlet.
• Wurst—a sausage, cold cuts.
• Zwieback—a "twice baked" bread; rusk, variants: German hard biscuits; Mennonite double yeast roll

Sports and recreation

• Abseil oneself down )—the term "abseiling" is used in the UK and Commonwealth countries, "roping " in various English settings, and "rappelling" in the US.
• Blitz, a team defensive play in American or Canadian football in which the defense sends more players than the offense can block. The term Blitzkrieg was originally used in Nazi Germany during World War II, describing a dedicated kind of fast and ferocious attack.
• Foosball, probably from the German word for football, Fußball, although foosball itself is referred to as Kicker or Tischfußball in German. Fußball is the word for soccer in general.
• Karabiner, snaplink, a metal loop with a sprung or screwed gate, used in climbing and mountaineering; translates to "riflehook".
• Kutte, a type of vest made out of denim or leather and traditionally worn by bikers, metalheads, and punks
• Kletterschuh, a climbing shoe.
• Mannschaft, a German word for a sports team.
• Rucksack
• Schuss, literally a shot down a slope at high speed.
• Treibball, the name of a dog sport.
• Turner, a gymnast.
• Turnverein, a gymnastics club or society.
• Volksmarching, from Volksmarsch, literally 'people's march'.

Animals

• Dachshund, a dog breed, literally "badger dog"
• Doberman Pinscher, a dog breed
• Hamster, a small rodent often kept as a household pet
• Olm, an exclusively cave-dwelling aquatic salamander found in Europe.
• Pomeranian, a dog breed
• Poodle, a dog breed, from German Pudel
• Rottweiler, a dog breed
• Schnauzer, a dog breed
• Siskin, several species of birds
• Spitz, a dog breed

Philosophy and history

• Antifa, short for "Antifaschistische Aktion"
• Lebensraum, literally "living space"; conquered territory, now exclusively associated with the Nazi Party in that historical context. In Germany, the word usually simply means 'habitat'
• Nazi, short for Nationalsozialist
• Neanderthal, for German Neandertaler, meaning "of, from, or pertaining to the Neandertal ", the site near Düsseldorf where early Homo neanderthalensis fossils were first found.
• Schadenfreude, "joy from pain" ; delight at the misfortune of others
• Wanderlust, the yearning to travel
• Zeitgeist, spirit of the time

Society and culture

• Doppelgänger, literally "double-goer", also spelled in English as doppelgaenger; a double or look-alike. However, in English the connotation is that of a ghostly apparition of a duplicate living person.
• Dreck, literally "dirt" or "smut", but now meaning trashy, awful
• Dummkopf, literally "stupid head"; a stupid, ignorant person, similar to "numbskull" in English
• Fest, festival
• Fingerspitzengefühl
• Gemütlichkeit, coziness
• Gesundheit, literally health; an exclamation used in place of "bless you!" after someone has sneezed
• Hausfrau, pejorative: frumpy, petty-bourgeois, traditional, pre-emancipation type housewife whose interests centre on the home, or who is even exclusively interested in domestic matters, sometimes humorously used to replace "wife", but with the same mildly derisive connotation. The German word has a neutral connotation.
• Kaffeeklatsch, literally "coffee gossip"; afternoon meeting where people chitchat while drinking coffee or tea and having cake.
• Kindergarten, literally "children's garden"; day-care centre, playschool, preschool
• Kitsch, cheap, sentimental, gaudy items of popular culture
• Kraut, literally "cabbage"; derogatory term for a German
• Lederhosen
• Meister, "master", also as a suffix: –meister; in German, Meister typically refers to the highest educational rank of a craftsperson, various ranks, and to sports champions up to Weltmeister. Note: Meister does not refer to the academic master degree
• Oktoberfest, Bavarian folk festival held annually in Munich during late September and early October
• Poltergeist, literally "noisy ghost"; an alleged paranormal phenomenon where objects appear to move of their own accord
• Sitzfleisch, endurance or persistence, especially when requiring sitting for a long time
• Spiel, literally "game"; an attempt to present and explain a point in a way that the presenter has done often before, usually to sell something. A voluble line of often extravagant talk, "pitch"
• uber, über, "over"; used to indicate that something or someone is of better or superior magnitude, e.g. Übermensch
• Wunderkind, literally "wonder child"; a child prodigy

Technology

• –bahn as a suffix, e.g. Infobahn, after Autobahn
• Bandsalat, literally "tape salad", refers to a tangle of magnetic tape.
• Blücher, a half-boot named after Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher ; also a hand in the British card game Napoleon.
• Ersatz, replacement; usually implying an artificial and inferior substitute or imitation. In German, the word has a neutral connotation, e.g. Ersatzrad simply means "spare wheel".
• Flak, Flugabwehrkanone, literally: air-defence cannon, for anti-aircraft artillery or their shells, also used in flak jacket; or in the figurative sense: "drawing flak" = being heavily criticized
• Kraft as in kraft paper, a strong paper used to make sacks; Kraft in German just means "strength" or "power"
• Plandampf, running a scheduled train service with historic steam locomotives, popular with railway enthusiasts.
• Volkswagen, literally "people's car"; brand of automobile
• Zeppelin, type of rigid airship, named after its inventor

Other aspects of everyday life

• erlaubt, allowed, granted; opposite of verboten.
• kaput, out-of-order, broken, dead
• nix, from German nix, dialectal variant of nichts
• Scheiße, an expression and euphemism meaning "shit", usually as an interjection when something goes amiss
• Ur-, original or prototypical; e.g. Ursprache, Urtext
• verboten, prohibited, forbidden, banned. In English this word has authoritarian connotations.

German terms common in English academic context

Academia

• Ansatz, educated guess
• Doktorvater, doctoral advisor
• Festschrift, book prepared by colleagues to honor a scholar, often on an important birthday such as the sixtieth.
• Gedenkschrift, memorial publication
• Leitfaden, guideline
• Methodenstreit, disagreement on methodology
• Privatdozent, in German it describes a lecturer without professorship.
• Professoriat, the entity of all professors of a university
• Wissenschaft, scholarship, research and study in general

Architecture

• Abwurfdach, removal roof of early modern European fortresses
• Angstloch, literally "fear hole", a small hole in the floor of a medieval castle or fortress through which a basement room can be accessed
• Bauhaus, a German style of architecture founded by Walter Gropius in 1918
• Bergfried, a tall tower typical of Central European medieval castles
• Biedermeier, of or relating to a style of furniture developed in Germany in the 19th century; in German, it might also derogatively describe a certain old-fashioned, ultra-conservative interior styling. It also describes a certain type of literature in the beginning of the industrialization that represents a longing for the traditional life at that time, with themes of nature and calmness, untouched by the modern world.
• Burgwall, fort rampart
• Hügelgrab, in archeology, burial mound
• Jugendstil, art nouveau
• Kachelofen, a cocklestove, a kind of masonry heater covered in tile
• Passivhaus, house built to eco-friendly standards, ultra-low energy buildings which need little fuel for heating or cooling
• Pfostenschlitzmauer, in archeology, a method of construction typical of prehistoric Celtic hillforts of the Iron Age
• Plattenbau, building made from prefabricated slabs; a typical building style of the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s, particularly associated with East Germany
• Schwedenschanze, early historical Ringwork and Rampart of fortification
• Sondergotik, a Late Gothic architectural style found in Central Europe between 1350 and 1550
• Stolperstein, literally "stumbling stone", metaphorically a "stumbling block" or a stone to "stumble upon", a cobblestone-size concrete cube bearing a brass plate inscribed with the name and life dates of victims of Nazi extermination or persecution
• Viereckschanze, in archaeology, a Celtic fortification of the Iron Age

Arts

• Gesamtkunstwerk, "the whole of a work of art", also "total work of art" or "complete artwork"
• Gestalt, a collection of entities that creates a unified concept

Heraldry

• Seeblatt, heraldic Charge
• Schwurhand, heraldic Charge

Music

• Affektenlehre, the doctrine of the affections in Baroque music theory
• Almglocken, tuned cowbells
• Alphorn, a wind instrument
• Augenmusik, eye music
• Ausmultiplikation, a musical technique described by Karlheinz Stockhausen
• Blockwerk, medieval type of church organ featuring only labial pipes
• Crumhorn, from German Krummhorn, a type of woodwind instrument
• Fach, method of classifying singers, primarily opera singers, by the range, weight, and color of their voices
• Fackeltanz, a kind of polonaise associated with German royal wedding celebrations
• Fife, from Pfeife, a small transverse flute often used in military and marching bands
• Flatterzunge, playing technique for wind instruments
• Flugelhorn, a type of brass musical instrument
• Glockenspiel, a percussion instrument
• Heldentenor, "heroic tenor"
• Hammerklavier, "hammer-keyboard", an archaic term for piano or the name of a specific kind of piano, the fortepiano; most commonly used in English to refer to Beethoven's Hammerklavier Sonata
• Hosenrolle, a term for male character, literally "trousers' role"
• Kapellmeister, "music director"
• Katzenjammer, hubbub or uproar; in German, the term Katzenjammer could also mean hangover.
• Katzenklavier, cat organ, a conjectural instrument employing live cats
• Kinderklavier, piano for children
• Klangfarbenmelodie, a term coined by Arnold Schoenberg regarding harmonic theory
• Konzertmeister, concert master
• Kuhreihen, song originally used for gathering cows for milking
• Leitmotif a musical phrase that associates with a specific person, thing, or idea
• Lied, "song"; specifically in English, "art song"
• Lieder ohne Worte, "songs without words"
• Liederhandschrift, a manuscript containing medieval songs
• Liederkranz, singing club
• Liedermacher, singer-songwriter
• Marktsackpfeife, a type of bagpipes
• Meistersinger, Master-singer
• Mensurstrich, barline that is drawn between staves
• Minnesang, medieval love poetry
• Musikalisches Würfelspiel, a composing technique featuring the use of random number generators, i.e. dice
• Ohrwurm, catchy tune
• Orgelbewegung, a movement of organ building featuring a more baroque sound and organ architecture
• Rauschpfeife, a type of woodwind instrument
• Rückpositiv
• Sängerfest, a Central European tradition of music festivals that also spread to North America
• Schlager, "a hit"
• Schottische, literally "Scottish", a folk dance
• Schuhplattler, a regional dance from Upper Bavaria and Austria
• Singspiel, German musical drama with spoken dialogue
• Sitzprobe, rehearsal of a musical stage work where singers are sitting and without costumes
• Sprechgesang and Sprechstimme, forms of musical delivery between speech and singing
• Strohbass, creaky voice
• Sturm und Drang, "storm and stress", a brief aesthetic movement in German literature, just before Weimar Classicism
• Urtext, "original text"
• Volksmusik, traditional German music
• Walzer, ballroom and folk dance
• Zukunftsmusik, music of the future

  Genres

• Kosmische Musik: a Krautrock-associated genre of electronic music pioneered by Popol Vuh
• Krautrock: German-like English name for a variety of German rock
• Neue Deutsche Härte : "New German Hardness"; a genre of German rock that mixes traditional hard rock with dance-like keyboard parts. Recently it has begun to appear in English.
• Neue Deutsche Todeskunst: "New German Death Art": a movement within the darkwave and gothic rock scenes
• Neue Deutsche Welle : "New German Wave". A genre of German music originally derived from punk rock and new wave music.
• Neue Slowenische Kunst: "New Slovenian Art". An art collective dating back to the 1980s, when Slovenia was part of Yugoslavia. Most prominently associated with the band Laibach, named after the German name for Slovenia's capital city, Ljubljana.
• Romantische Oper: genre of early nineteenth-century German opera

  Selected works in classical music

• Johann Sebastian Bach's Das wohltemperierte Klavier ; Jesus bleibet meine Freude
• Brahms's Schicksalslied
• Kreisler's Liebesleid, Liebesfreud
• Liszt's Liebesträume
• Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik ; Die Zauberflöte
• Gustav Mahler's Kindertotenlieder
• Schubert's Winterreise
• Schumann's Dichterliebe
• Richard Strauss's Der Rosenkavalier ; Also sprach Zarathustra ; "Vier letzte Lieder"
• Johann Strauss II's Die Fledermaus ; An der schönen blauen Donau
• Richard Wagner's Die Walküre ; Götterdämmerung ; both from his opera cycle "Der Ring des Nibelungen"

  Carols

• Stille Nacht: "Silent Night"
• O Tannenbaum: "O Christmas Tree"

  Modern songs

• 99 Luftballons: "99 Balloons" by Nena
• Schrei nach Liebe: "Scream for love" by Die Ärzte
• Feuer frei!: "Fire at will" by Rammstein
• Der Kommissar: "The Commissioner" by Falco

Theatre

• Theaterpädagogik, "theatre pedagogy", the use of theatre as a means for teaching and learning in non-theatrical areas of study
• Verfremdungseffekt, effect of disassociation or alienation

Typography

• Fraktur, a style of blackletter typeface
• Schwabacher, a style of blackletter typeface, from the Franconian town of Schwabach

Biology

• Ahnenreihe, line of ancestors
• Ahnenschwund, pedigree collapse
• Ahnentafel, line of ancestors
• Anlage in genetics; also used in the sense of primordium in embryology and temperament in psychology; literal meaning "disposition" or "rudiment"
• Aufwuchs, growth
• Aurochs, urus
• Bauplan, body plan of animals
• Bereitschaftspotential, readiness potential
• Edelweiss, German spelling Edelweiß, Leontopodium alpinum
• Einkorn, Triticum boeoticum or Triticum monococcum, a type of wheat
• Krummholz, crooked or bent wood due to growth conditions of trees and bushes
• Lagerstätte, repository; sedimentary deposit rich in fossils
• Lammergeier or lammergeyer, the bearded vulture
• Lampenflora, autotrophic lifeforms present in caves associated with permanently installed lighting
• Marmorkrebs, the marbled crayfish
• Molosser, a type of dog, literally "Molossian", from Molossus, the name of an ancient dog breed which the modern molossers descend from
• Oberhäutchen, the outermost layer of reptile skin; literally "small top skin"
• Schreckstoff, a chemical alarm signal emitted by fish
• Spitzenkörper, structure important in hyphal growth
• Spreite, laminae found in trace fossils, going back to animal burrows
• Umwelt, German for "environment", the subjective internal experiences of an animal as shaped by their sensory abilities and nervous system
• Unkenreflex, a defensive posture adopted by several branches of the amphibian class
• Urvogel, a common name for Archaeopteryx
• Waldsterben, forest dieback
• Zeitgeber, external clue that helps to synchronize the internal body clock
• Zugunruhe, pre-migration anxiety in birds and other migratory animals

Chemistry

• Aufbau principle
• Bismuth, chemical element
• Darmstadtium, synthetic chemical element
• Einsteinium, synthetic chemical element
• Entgegen and its opposite zusammen
• Gemisch
• Gerade and its opposite ungerade
• Knallgas, gaseous mixture
• Kugelrohr, distillation apparatus
• Meitnerium, synthetic chemical element
• Mischmetall, alloy
• Roentgenium, synthetic chemical element
• Umpolung, polarity inversion
• Wolfram, chemical element, also known as Tungsten
• Zwitterion, also called inner salt or dipolar ion

Chess

• Allumwandlung, German for "complete promotion"
• Blitz chess, from German Blitzschach, literally "lightning chess", also known as Fast chess
• Fingerfehler, slip of the finger
• Kibitz, from German Kiebitzer, a spectator making comments on the game that can be heard by the players
• Patzer, German for "weak chess player", literally "blunder"
• Sitzfleisch, patience during slow play
• Zeitnot, time pressure
• Zugzwang, compulsion to move
• Zwischenzug, in-between move

Economics

• Dollar, from Joachimsthal, name for the silver coin minted in Bohemia in the 16th century in Joachimsthal
• Energiewende, stands for Energy transition
• Freigeld, "free money"
• Freihandel, "free trade"
• Freiland, "free land"
• Freiwirtschaft, "free economy"
• Hacksilber, a type of commodity money
• Heller, from Hall am Kocher, name for the coin
• K: In economics, the letter K, from the German word Kapital, is used to denote Capital
• Luftgeschäft, literally "air business", an unstable business or an unproductive profession.
• Lumpenproletariat
• Mittelstand
• Notgeld, "emergency money" or "necessity money"
• Takt
• Wirtschaftswunder

Geography

• Hinterland
• Inselberg
• Knickpoint, a point where the slope of a river changes suddenly
• Massenerhebung effect
• Mitteleuropa
• Mittelgebirge
• Schlatt
• Steilhang
• Thalweg

Geology

• Aufeis, sheets of layered ice formed from groundwater discharge or upwelling of river water behind ice dams during freezing temperatures
• Bergschrund
• Dreikanter
• Druse, an incrustation of small crystals on the surface of a rock or mineral
• Fenster, also known as a window, a geologic structure formed by erosion or normal faulting on a thrust system
• Firn
• Flysch
• Gneiss
• Graben
• Horst
• Karst
• Loess
• Randkluft, gap between the rock face and the side of the glacier
• Rille, a type of feature of the surface of the Moon
• Sturzstrom
• Urstrom, a large glacial age river in Northern Europe
• Urstromtal

• Feldspar
• Hornblende
• Meerschaum
• Moldavite, from Moldau
• Quartz
• Wolframite
• Zinnwaldite, from ''Zinnwald''

History

Other historical periods

• Alltagsgeschichte, literally "everyday history" a type of microhistory
• Aufklarung, in German: Aufklärung, "enlightenment", short for Zeitalter der Aufklärung, "age of enlightenment"
• Biedermeier, era in early 19th century Germany
• Chaoskampf
• Diktat
• Gründerzeit, the period in German history of great artistic and economic developments
• Junker
• Kaiser, "emperor"
• Kleinstaaterei, the territorial fragmentation of Germany in the early modern period
• Kulturgeschichte
• Kulturkampf, literally the 'struggle for culture'; Otto von Bismarck's campaign for secularity which mostly went against Catholics in the newly formed German state, ostensibly a result of Bismarck's suspicion of Catholic loyalty
• Kulturkreis, a theory in anthropology and ethnology
• Kulturkugel, literally "culture bullet" or "cultural bullet", a neologism coined by archaeologist J. P. Mallory for his model of cultural diffusion
• Landflucht
• Landnahme
• Nordpolitik
• Ostflucht
• Ostpolitik
• Ostalgie
• Perserschutt, "Persian rubble", sculptures that were damaged by the invading Persian army on the Acropolis of Athens in 480 BC
• Quellenforschung, "research of sources", the study of the sources of, or influences upon, a literary work
• Regenbogenschüsselchen, a type of prehistoric gold coin of the Celtic Iron Age
• Realpolitik ; usually implies the way politics really works, i.e. via the influence of power and money, rather than a principled approach that the public might expect to be aligned with a party's or nation's values, or rather than a political party's given interpretation.
• Reichstag
• Sammlungspolitik
• Sippe, an ancient Germanic clan
• Urmonotheismus
• Urreligion
• Völkerschlacht – the "Battle of the Nations"
• Völkerwanderung – the migration of the Germanic peoples in the 4th century
• Weltpolitik – the politics of global domination; contemporarily, "the current climate in global politics".
• Wunderkammer, a cabinet of curiosities

Military terms

• Blitzkrieg
• Flak, anti-aircraft gun
• Fliegerhorst, another word for a military airport
• Karabiner, a carbine. For the climbing hardware, see carabiner above
• Kriegsspiel, in English also written Kriegspiel, war game
• Luftwaffe, air force
• Panzer refers to tanks and other armored military vehicles, or formations of such vehicles
• Panzerfaust, "tank fist": anti-tank weapon, a small one-man launcher and projectile.
• Strafe, punishment, extracted from the slogan Gott strafe England
• U-Boot
• Vernichtungsgedanke

Linguistics

• Ablaut
• Abstandsprache
• Aktionsart
• Ausbausprache
• Dachsprache
• Dreimorengesetz, "three-mora law", the rule for placing stress in Latin
• Grammatischer Wechsel, "grammatical alternation", a pattern of consonant alternations found in Germanic strong verbs and also in Germanic nouns
• Junggrammatiker, literally "Young Grammarians", a formative German school of linguists in the late 19th century
• Lallname, a pet name based on baby talk, especially in ancient languages of Asia Minor
• Loanword
• Mischsprache, mixed language
• Primärberührung, "primary contact", the development of certain consonant clusters in Proto-Germanic
• Rückumlaut, "reverse umlaut", a regular pattern of vowel alternation in a small number of Germanic weak verbs
• Sitz im Leben
• Sprachbund, "speech bond" or"language union", a sociolinguistic term for a group of languages that have become similar because of geographical proximity
• , the intuitive sense of what is appropriate in a language
• Sprachraum
• Stammbaumtheorie, the tree model of descendance in historical linguistics; also Stammbaum alone, for a phylogenetical tree of languages
• Suffixaufnahme
• Umlaut
• Urheimat, "original homeland", the area originally inhabited by speakers of a proto-language
• Ursprache, "proto-language"
• Verschärfung, "sharpening", several analogous phonetic changes in Gothic, North Germanic and modern Faroese
• Wanderwort, "migratory term/word", a word which spreads from its original language into several others
• Winkelhaken, a basic element in the ancient cuneiform script

Literature

• Bildungsroman, a form of coming-of-age story
• Chaoskampf, "struggle against chaos", a recurring motif in myth and legend
• Knittelvers, a form of poetry using rhyming couplets
• Künstlerroman, a novel about an artist's growth to maturity
• Leitmotiv, a recurring theme
• Leitwortstil, a phrase repeated to reinforce a theme
• Nihilartikel, a fake entry in a reference work
• Sammelband, a set of manuscripts later bound together
• Quellenkritik, source criticism
• Sturm und Drang, an 18th-century literary movement; "storm and stress" in English, although the literal translation is closer to "storm and urge".
• Urtext, "original text"
• Vorlage, original or mastercopy of a text on which derivates are based
• Q, abbreviation for Quelle, a postulated lost document in Biblical criticism

Mathematics and formal logic

• Ansatz – one of the most-used German loan words in the English-speaking world of science.
• "Eigen-" in composita such as eigenfunction, eigenvector, eigenvalue, eigenform; in English "self-" or "own-". They are related concepts in the fields of linear algebra and functional analysis.
• Entscheidungsproblem
• Grossencharakter
• Hauptmodul
• Hauptvermutung
• Hilbert's Nullstellensatz
• Ideal
• Krull's Hauptidealsatz
• Möbius band
• Positivstellensatz
• quadratfrei
• Vierergruppe
• from Zahlen, the integers
• from Körper, used for one of the two basic fields or not specifying which one

Medicine

• Anwesenheit
• Diener, autopsy assistant
• Entgleisen
• Gedankenlautwerden
• Gegenhalten
• Kernicterus
• Kleeblattschädel
• LSD, German abbreviation of "Lysergsäurediethylamid"
• Mitgehen
• Mitmachen
• Mittelschmerz
• Pfropfschizophrenie
• Rinderpest
• Schnauzkrampf
• Sensitiver Beziehungswahn
• Sitz bath
• Spinnbarkeit
• Verstimmung
• Vorbeigehen
• Vorbeireden
• Wahneinfall
• Witzelsucht
• Wurgstimme

Philosophy

• An sich, "in itself"
• Aufhebung, sublation in dialectics
• Dasein
• Ding an sich, "thing in itself" from Kant
• Geist, mind, spirit or ghost
• Gott ist tot!, a popular phrase from Nietzsche; more commonly rendered "God is dead!" in English.
• Übermensch, also from Nietzsche; the ideal of a Superhuman or Overman.
• Weltanschauung, calqued into English as "world view"; a comprehensive view or personal philosophy of human life and the universe
• Welträtsel, "world riddle", a term associated with Nietzsche and biologist Ernst Haeckel concerning the nature of the universe and the meaning of life
• Wille zur Macht, "the will to power", central concept of Nietzsche's philosophy

Physical sciences

• Ansatz, an assumption for a function that is not based on an underlying theory
• Antiblockiersystem
• Bremsstrahlung, electromagnetic radiation emitted from charge particles stopping suddenly
• Dunkelflaute, a period of time in which little to no energy can be generated with the use of wind and solar power
• Durchmusterung, the search for celestial objects, especially a survey of stars
• Farbzentrum
• Foehn wind, also "foehn", a warm wind which sometimes appears on the northern side of the Alps in south Germany and Austria
• Fusel alcohol, from German Fusel, which refers to low-quality liquor
• Gedanken experiment ; more commonly referred to as a "thought experiment" in English
• Gegenschein, a faint brightening of the night sky in the region of the antisolar point
• Gerade and its opposite ungerade
• Graupel, a form of precipitation
• Heiligenschein
• Hohlraum, a radiation cavity used in thermonuclear weapons design
• Kirchweger-Kondensationseinrichtung
• Kugelblitz, in theoretical physics: a concentration of light so intense that it forms an event horizon and becomes self-trapped
• Rocks and minerals like Quartz, Gneiss and Feldspar, Meerschaum
• Reststrahlen
• Schiefspiegler, special type of telescope
• Schlieren, inhomogeneities in transparent material
• Sollbruchstelle, predetermined breaking point
• Spiegeleisen
• Trommel
• Umklapp process
• Vierbein, and variations such as vielbein, in general relativity
• Zitterbewegung

Politics

• Befehl ist Befehl, "an order is an order"
• Berufsverbot
• Kritik, a type of argument in policy debates
• Lumpenproletariat
• Machtpolitik, power politics
• Putsch, overthrow of those in power by a small group, coup d'état.
• Realpolitik, "politics of reality": foreign politics based on practical concerns rather than ideology or ethics.
• Rechtsstaat, concept of a state based on law and human rights
• Siegerjustiz
• Überfremdung
• Vergangenheitsbewältigung

Psychology

• Aha-Erlebnis, a sudden insight or epiphany, compare eureka
• Angst, feeling of fear, but more deeply and without concrete object
• Eigengrau or also Eigenlicht, the colour seen by the eye in perfect darkness
• Einstellung effect, from Einstellung, which means "attitude" here
• Ganzfeld effect, from German Ganzfeld, a phenomenon of visual perception
• Gestalt psychology, holistic psychology
• Gestaltzerfall, a kind of visual agnosia where a complex, holistic shape dissolves into its parts for the perceiver
• Haltlose personality disorder, from haltlos, aimless
• Merkwelt, "way of viewing the world", "peculiar individual consciousness"
• Schadenfreude, gloating, a malicious satisfaction obtained from the misfortunes of others
• Sehnsucht, a yearning for an ideal alternative
• Sorge, a state of worry, but in a less concrete, more general sense, worry about the world, one's future, etc.
• Umwelt, environment, literally: "surrounding world"; in semiotics, "self-centred world"
• Völkerpsychologie, a 19th-20th century cultural-social psychology framework associated with Wilhelm Wundt
• Weltschmerz, a deep feeling of sadness experienced by someone who believes that physical reality can never satisfy the demands of the mind
• Wunderkind, child prodigy
• Zeitgeber, something that resets the circadian clock found in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

Sociology

• Gemeinschaft, community
• Gesellschaft, society
• Herrschaft, reign
• Männerbund, elite male society
• Verstehen, lit. "understanding", interpretive or participatory examination of social phenomena
• Zeitgeist, spirit of the times or age

Theology

• Gattung, genre
• Kunstprosa, artistic prose
• Sitz im Leben

German terms mostly used for literary effect

• Autobahn – particularly common in British English and American English referring specifically to German motorways.
• Achtung – lit. "attention"
• Frau and Fräulein – woman and young woman or girl, respectively, in English. Indicating marital state, with Frau – Mrs. and Fräulein – Miss; in Germany, however, the diminutive Fräulein lapsed from common usage in the late 1960s. Regardless of marital status, a woman is now commonly referred to as Frau, because from 1972 the term Fräulein has been officially phased out for being politically incorrect and should only be used if expressly authorized by the woman concerned.
• Führer – always used in English to denote Hitler or to connote a fascistic leader – never used, as is possible in German, to straightforwardly denote a leader or guide
• Gott mit uns – meaning "God be with us", the motto of the Prussian king was used as a morale slogan amongst soldiers in both World Wars. It was bastardized as "Got mittens" by American and British soldiers, and is usually used nowadays, because of the German defeat in both wars, derisively to mean that wars are not won on religious grounds.
• Hände hoch – "hands up"
• Herr – in modern German either the equivalent of Mr., to address an adult man, or "master" over something or someone. Derived from the adjective hehr, meaning "honourable" or "senior", it was historically a nobleman's title, equivalent to "Lord". In a religious context it refers to God.
• Ich bin ein Berliner – famous quotation by John F. Kennedy
• Leitmotif – any sort of recurring theme, whether in music, literature, or the life of a fictional character or a real person.
• Meister – used as a suffix to mean expert or master; in Germany it means also champion in sports
• Nein – no
• Raus – meaning Out! – shortened .
• Reich – from the Middle High German rich, as a noun it means "empire" or "realm", cf. the English word bishopric. In titles as part of a compound noun, for example Deutsche Reichsbahn, it is equivalent to the English word "national" or possibly federal. For instance Reichsbahn, or Reichspost, specifically indicating in either case that the respective institutions were organised by central authority, not the states. To some English – and German – speakers, Reich in English strongly connotes Nazism and is sometimes used to suggest fascism or authoritarianism, e.g. "Herr Reichsminister" used as a title for a disliked politician.
• Ja – yes
• Jawohl – a German term that connotes an emphatic yes – "Yes, indeed!" in English. It is often equated to "yes, sir" in Anglo-American military films, since it is also a term typically used as an acknowledgement for military commands in the German military.
• Schnell! – "Quick!" or "Quickly!"
• Kommandant – commander, used often in the military in general, on battleships and U-boats, sometimes used on civilian ships and aircraft.
• Wunderbar – wonderful

Terms rarely used in English

• Ampelmännchen
• Besserwisser – someone who always "knows better"
• Bockmist, lit. "billy goat's dung", meaning "nonsense" or "rubbish"
• Eierlegende Wollmilchsau – literally "egg-laying wool-milk-sow", a hypothetical solution, object or person fulfilling unrealistically many different demands; also referring sometimes to a object, concept or person like this, for example a multi-tool or exceptionally versatile person
• Fahrvergnügen – "driving pleasure"; introduced in a Volkswagen advertising campaign
• Fremdscham, "vicarious shame", the shame felt for the behavior of someone else
• Gastarbeiter – "guest worker", foreign-born worker
• Geisterfahrer – "ghost driver", a wrong-way driver; one who drives in the direction opposite to that prescribed for the given lane.
• Götterdämmerung – "Twilight of the Gods", a disastrous conclusion of events
• Kobold – small mischievous fairy creature, traditionally translated as "goblin", "hobgoblin" or "imp"
• Ordnung muss sein – "There must be order." This proverbial phrase illustrates the importance that German culture places upon order.
• Schmutz – smut, dirt, filth
• ... über alles – "above all", originally from "Deutschland über alles", the first line of Hoffmann von Fallersleben's poem "Das [Lied der Deutschen]" ; see also Über alles (disambiguation).
• Verschlimmbessern – to make something worse in an honest but failed attempt to improve it
• Vorsprung durch Technik – "competitive edge through technology", used in an advertising campaign by Audi
• Zweihänder – two-handed sword

German quotations used in English

• Muss es sein? Es muss sein!: "Must it be? It must be!" – Beethoven
• Der Krieg ist eine bloße Fortsetzung der Politik mit anderen Mitteln: "War is politics by other means" – Clausewitz: "Vom Kriege", Book I, Chapter 1, Section 24
• Ein Gespenst geht um in Europa – das Gespenst des Kommunismus: "A spectre is haunting Europe – the spectre of communism" – The Communist Manifesto
• Proletarier aller Länder, vereinigt euch!: "Workers of the world, unite!" – The Communist Manifesto
• Gott würfelt nicht: "God does not play dice" – Einstein
• Raffiniert ist der Herrgott, aber boshaft ist er nicht: "Subtle is the Lord, but malicious He is not" – Einstein
• Wir müssen wissen, wir werden wissen: "We must know, we will know" – David Hilbert
• Was kann ich wissen? Was soll ich tun? Was darf ich hoffen? Was ist der Mensch?: "What can I know? What shall I do? What may I hope? What is Man?" – Kant: Kritik der praktischen Vernunft
• Die ganzen Zahlen hat der liebe Gott gemacht, alles andere ist Menschenwerk: "God made the integers, all the rest is the work of man" – Leopold Kronecker
• Hier stehe ich, ich kann nicht anders. Gott helfe mir. Amen!: "Here I stand, I cannot do differently. God help me. Amen!" – attributed to Martin Luther
• Wovon man nicht sprechen kann, darüber muss man schweigen: "Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent" – Wittgenstein
• Einmal ist keinmal: "What happens once might as well never have happened." literally "once is never" – a common German phrase and the theme of The Unbearable Lightness of Being by Milan Kundera
• Es lebe die Freiheit: "Long live freedom" – Hans Scholl
• Arbeit macht frei: "Labour creates freedom" literally "work makes free" – A phrase written over the entranceway of extermination camps in the Holocaust.