Flores de Mayo

Etymology

In the Bicolandia

In Western and in some parts of Eastern Visayas

In the ''Katagalugan''

The ''Santacruzan''

General order of the procession

• **''The Cross or the Image of Saint Helena with the Cross is used for Santa Cruzan, while the Image of Blessed Mother is used for Flores de Mayo that is the distinction of the two festivals but some organizers mixed the two festivals together in one celebration, Flores and Santa Cruzan.''

  Additional titles (''Pamayanan'' or communities)

1. Pamayanan Inmaculada – She is the representation of the Immaculate Conception, principal protectress of the republic. Also known as "Pamayanang Caysaysay" because of the related title Our Lady of Caysasay.
2. Pamayanan La Naval – She is the representation of Our Lady of the Rosary. Often, she carries a rosary. She is included in the Santacruzan because of her title Queen of the Holy Rosary, and because of the miraculous story of the victory of the Catholics over the Turkish Muslims in the Battle of Lepanto on October 7, 1571, and the Victory of the Filipinos and Spaniards over the Dutch on the Battle of La Naval de Manila from March 15, 1646 – October 4, 1646. Also known as "Pamayanang Manaoag" and "Pamayanang Piat" because of the related titles Our Lady of Manaoag and Our Lady of Piat.
3. Pamayanan Asunción – She is the representation of the Assumption of Mary.
4. Pamayanan Del Carmen – She is the representation of Our Lady of Mount Carmel who appeared to Saint Simon Stock in Mount Carmel in Palestine on July 16, 1251. She carries the scapular of Mount Carmel. She is the first ever title in the Santacruzan, named after Our Lady of Mount Carmel, who kept the promise of the Brown scapular, saying "Whosoever dies, vested in this scapular, shall never suffer fires of hell". Also known in Cebu as "Pamayanang La Limpia".
5. Pamayanan Dela Paz – She is the representation of Our Lady of Peace. She carries a dove and is included in the Santacruzan Because of her sister title, Queen of Peace. She is also known as "Pamayanang EDSA" in honour of the EDSA Shrine and the historic EDSA Revolution and "Pamanayang Antipolo" because of the related title Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage.
6. Pamayanan Fatima – She is the representation of Our Lady of Fatima who appeared to three children of Fátima, Portugal, namely The Ss. Francisco and Jacinta Marto, and the venerable Sister Lúcia on May 13, 1917. She carries a rosary or wears a crucifix necklace.
7. Pamayanan Lourdes – She is the representation of Our Lady of Lourdes who appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous on February 11, 1858. She carries a large rosary.
8. Pamayanang Guadalupe – She is the representation of Our Lady of Guadalupe who Appeared to Saint Juan Diego on December 9, 1531. Often, her outfit includes native designs as she is the country's secondary patroness.
9. Pamayanang Pena de Francia/Peñafrancia – She represents Our Lady of Peñafrancia who appeared to Simón Vela on May 13, 1434, and whose devotion in the country dates from 1712. She is Patroness of the Bicol Region and its one of the oldest devotions in the nation.
10. Pamayanang Perpetual Help/Prompto Soccoro – She represents Our Lady of Perpetual Help. Indirectly she honours the icon of Our Lady of Prompt Succor of Binondo, one of the first Marian devotions in the Philippines and a popular title among the Filipino-Chinese in Manila's Binondo district.

    Biblical and Historical Figures, with Traditional Personifications

11. Matusalén – This Biblical figure is an allegory of the transience of the world, which will be like the dust he is toasting in a pan over a fire. He is often shown as bent with extreme age and riding a cart. Some renditions, however, show him walking with a cane.
12. Reina Banderada – She represents the arrival of Christianity in the Philippines. Often dressed in a long red gown, her traditional attribute is a yellow and/or white pennant, or as part of the colour guard, she bears the modern Flag of Vatican City.
13. Reina Aeta – She represents the country's dark-skinned, indigenous peoples such as the Aeta and Ati. These aboriginal groups settled the islands tens of thousands of years before to the arrival today's Austronesian majority population. She sometimes carries the Philippine Flag, as part of the colour guard.
14. Reina Mora – She represents Muslim Filipinos, who are concentrated in Mindanao and large cities such as Manila. Islam predates Christianity in the Philippines by two centuries, and is the country's second-largest religion. Mary is honoured in Islam, and her story is found in the 19th sura of the Qur'an. This participant is usually dressed in clothing inspired by various Filipino Muslim ethnic groups, sometimes collectively termed Bangsamoro.
15. Reina de Saba/Reina Sheba – She represents the unnamed queen who visited King Solomon, and was overwhelmed by his wisdom, power, and riches. She carries a jewellery box. She is part of the Santacruzan because the Legenda Aurea narrates how she stopped along a bridge she was crossing, and on bended knee venerated a beam that she foretold would become part of the True Cross.
16. Rut y Noemi/Reina Ruth at Reina Naomi – She represents the Moabite convert to Judaism, together with her tragic mother-in-law from whom she was inseparable. Ruth is an ancestress of King David, and is one of four women listed in the genealogies of Jesus in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. Ruth may be portrayed alone by one woman, or with Naomi by another woman.
17. Reina Deborah – She represents Deborah, a prophetess and the only Biblical judge who is female.
18. Reina Judith – She represents the Biblical widow Judith of Bethulia, who saved her city from the Assyrians by beheading their brutal general, Holofernes. Also given the Spanish title "Infanta", she carries the severed head of Holofernes in one hand, and a sometimes bloodied sword in the other.
19. Reina Esther – She represents the Jewish queen of Persia, who spared her people from genocide at the hands of Haman, the royal advisor, by timely intervention with her husband, King Xerxes. She carries a sceptre.
20. Cleopatra – She represents Cleopatra VII Philopator, the final active pharaoh of Ancient Egypt who was of the Greek Ptolemaic dynasty. Her male escort is often understood to represent the Ancient Roman senator and general Mark Antony. Her dress is sometime modelled on Ancient Egyptian designs.
21. Samaritana/Santa Photina – She represents the Samaritan woman at the well, whom Christ preached to about the Water of Life. She carries a water jug.
22. Santa Verónica/Reina Verónica – She represents the woman who wiped the face of Jesus who bears her Veil. As is common in traditional Hispanic-Filipino iconography, her Veil has a miraculous triple imprint of the Holy Face of Jesus instead of one.
23. Tres Marías – Each represents a Mary from among Jesus’ followers, and has an item associated with His Entombment:
24. #Santa María Magdalena/Reina María Magdalena – She bears a perfume bottle, as Catholic tradition once conflated her with Mary of Bethany, and the woman who anointed and wiped Jesus' feet. As an Myrrhbearer and first witness to the Resurrection, she was declared Apostola Apostolorum by the Church in 2016, with her memorial raised to the rank of feast.
25. #Santa María Cleofe/Reina María Cleofe – She bears a whisk broom, as tradition holds she swept clean the Holy Sepulchre before Christ was laid in it.
26. #Santa María Salome/Reina María Salome – She bears a thurible or bottle, pointing to her role as one of the Myrrhbearers.
27. Reina Fé – She represents Faith, the first theological virtue, and carries a cross or crucifix.
28. Reina Esperanza – She represents Hope, the second theological virtue, and carries an anchor.
29. Reina Caridad – She represents Charity, the third and chief of the theological virtues, and carries a red heart or an image of the Sacred Heart.
30. Reina Sentenciada – She represents Early Christians, particularly virgins, who were persecuted and martyred for the Faith. With hands Boi together using ropes or metal chains, she is sometimes escorted by two Roman soldiers.