Extreme points of Europe
This is a list of the extreme points of Europe: the geographical points that are higher or farther north, south, east or west than any other location in Europe. Some of these positions are open to debate, as the definition of Europe is diverse.
Extremes of the European continent, including islands
- Northernmost point. Cape Fligely, Rudolf Island, Franz Josef Land, Russia. Franz Josef Land is near the ill-defined border between Europe and Asia; if it is not considered a part of Europe, then the northernmost point is on the island of Rossøya, Svalbard, Norway.
- Southernmost point. Cape Trypiti, Gavdos Island, Greece is the least ambiguous southernmost point of Europe. However, there are other contenders, depending on definition. The island of Cyprus, although geographically in Asia, has cultural links with Europe and is also part of the European Union; Cyprus's southernmost point is the British base at Akrotiri. The Portuguese islands of Madeira are borderline between Europe and Africa; their southernmost point is at Bugio Island, at. La Restinga on the island of El Hierro in the Spanish Canary Islands is yet further south and could be considered politically, though not physiographically as part of Europe.
- Westernmost point. Monchique Islet, Azores Islands, Portugal . If not, then the Capelinhos Volcano, Faial Island, Azores Islands, Portugal, the westernmost point of the Eurasian Plate above sea level.
- Easternmost point. Cape Flissingsky, Severny Island, Novaya Zemlya, Russia.
Extreme points of Mainland Europe
- Northernmost point. Cape Nordkinn, Norway
- Southernmost point. Punta de Tarifa, Spain . This is the southernmost point of a small island connected to the coast by a causeway in 1808, so no longer an island. If manmade land is not accepted, the continental southernmost point is located slightly more to the North at 36°00'25"N.
- Westernmost point. Cabo da Roca, Portugal.
- Easternmost point. The easternmost point is dependent upon the various definitions of Europe's eastern border. Utilizing the most common definition of Europe's eastern edge, the easternmost point of the Ural watershed lies on an unnamed peak at as shown on various detailed maps such as the Soviet General Staff maps and as shown on Google Earth/Maps. This peak is northeast of an peak named Gora Anoraga and southwest of Ostrov Lediyev on Arctic waters south of the Kara Sea.
Elevation
- Highest point. The highest point is dependent upon the definition of Europe:
- *The Caucasus Mountains watershed divide is the most common definition for the European/Asian border. This places the highest point at Mount Elbrus, Russia, which is on the European side of the Caucasus watershed divide.
- *If the Caucasus mountains are excluded, the highest point is Mont Blanc, on the border between France and Italy.
- Lowest point . Caspian Sea shore, Russia.
- Lowest point . Calypso Deep, Ionian Sea, Greece.
- Lowest point . Dependent upon the definition of Europe: either Krubera Cave, Abkhazia, Georgia or Lamprechtsofen, Austria.
- Lowest point . Hambach surface mine, Germany.
- Lowest point . Kola Superdeep Borehole, Russia. Also the deepest artificial point on Earth.
Highest attainable by transportation
- Cable car – Klein Matterhorn, Switzerland
- Funicular – Mittelallalin, Switzerland
- Train – Jungfraujoch, Switzerland
- Train – Bernina Pass, Switzerland
- Restricted access paved road – Veleta (Sierra Nevada), Spain
- Paved road – Ötztal Glacier Road, Austria
- Paved road – Col de l'Iseran, France
- See also: List of highest paved roads in Europe and List of highest railways in Europe
Lowest attainable by transportation
- Lowest public tunnel – Ryfast Tunnel, Norway
Extreme points attainable by train
Extreme station of the European continent, including islands
- Northernmost station: Terminal station: unclear which is in service: Pechenga (railway station), Murmansk Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
- Easternmost station: Crossing of the watershed border of the Ural: Polyarnyj Ural station, literally named after the region of Polar Urals, Komi Republic, Russia
- Southernmost station: Terminal station: Algeciras, Andalusia, Spain
- Westernnmost station: Terminal station: Tralee railway station, County Kerry, Ireland
Continental Schengen area
- Northernmost station: Terminal station: Narvik, Nordland, Norway
- Easternmost station: Stop on the line Joensuu–Kontiomäki: Uimaharju, North Karelia, Finland
- Southernmost station: Terminal station: Algeciras, Andalusia, Spain
- Westernmost station: Terminal station: Cascais, Lisbon Region, Portugal