Government of Estonia

The Government of the Republic of Estonia is the cabinet of Estonia. Under the Constitution, it exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution and laws of Estonia.
The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament ; it directs and coordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power.
The following duties are attributed to the cabinet by the Constitution of Estonia:

executes the domestic and foreign policies of the state;
directs and coordinates the activities of government agencies;
administers the implementation of laws, resolutions of the Riigikogu, and legislation of the President of the Republic of Estonia;
introduces bills, and submits international treaties to the Riigikogu for ratification and denunciation;
prepares the draft of the state budget and submits it to the Riigikogu, administers the implementation of the state budget and presents a report on the implementation of the state budget to the Riigikogu;
issues regulations and orders on the basis of and for the implementation of law;
manages relations with other states;
performs other duties which the Constitution and the laws vest in the Government of the Republic.

Unlike other cabinets in most other parliamentary regimes, the Government is both the de jure and de facto executive authority in Estonia. In most other parliamentary regimes, the head of state is usually the nominal chief executive, though bound by convention to act on the advice of the cabinet. In Estonia, however, the Constitution explicitly vests executive authority in the Government, not the President.

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Current cabinet

The current cabinet was approved by the Riigikogu on 23 July 2024.
The coalition agreed on 13 ministers in addition to the prime minister with six portfolios going to Reform, four going to Social Democrats and three to Estonia 200.
On 10 March 2025, Kristen Michal announced a "government repair" and expelled the Social Democrats from the coalition. The new cabinet consists of 13 members, eight from the Reform Party and five from Estonia 200.
The new ministers of the government were sworn in on 25 March 2025.

Previous cabinets

Constituent cabinets

Number	Government	Term of office	Days in office
4	Otto Strandman's first cabinet	9 May 1919 – 18 November 1919	194
5	Jaan Tõnisson's first cabinet	18 November 1919 – 28 July 1920	254
6	Ado Birk's cabinet	28 July 1920 – 30 July 1920	3
7	Jaan Tõnisson's second cabinet	30 July 1920 – 26 October 1920	89
8	Ants Piip's cabinet	26 October 1920 – 25 January 1921	92