Eight Elders
The Eight Great Eminent Officials, abbreviated as the Eight Elders, were a group of elderly members of the Chinese Communist Party who held substantial power in the last two decades of the 20th century. In the English-speaking world, these men are often called The Eight Immortals as an allusion to the Taoist deities commonly known as the Eight Immortals.
History
The Central Advisory Commission was the institutional power base of the Eight Elders. Deng Xiaoping, who emerged as China's top leader in December 1978, as a result of the 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee, was the most powerful of the group, but his power was never absolute, and he had to consult and make compromises with the other seven Elders, of whom the most prominent were Chen Yun and Li Xiannian. Deng's allies among the Elders included Yang Shangkun and Peng Zhen.By the late 1980s, all Elders, including Deng himself, were united in opposition to further political reforms, while holding different views on economic and foreign affairs.
According to reformist General Secretary Zhao Ziyang, of all the Elders, Li Xiannian was the most prominent, most active and most successful in opposing and blocking changes and reforms in both political and economic issues. Important decisions were often made in Deng's home. The Eight Elders were able to remove three Party leaders. Hua Guofeng was gradually removed from Premier and Party chairman between 1980 and 1981; Hu Yaobang was removed in 1987; and, Zhao Ziyang was removed in 1989. Deng, the core of the eight Elders, retired after the 5th Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee, when he resigned from his last official title, and the rest of the Elders officially retired after the 14th Party Congress in October 1992 when the Central Advisory Commission was abolished. They still held decisive influence behind the scenes until Deng's death in February 1997.
Membership
The membership was never formally stated. With Deng Xiaoping as the main holder of power, the eight elders are accepted to include:| Name | Image | Position Held | Birthplace | Ref |
| Deng Xiaoping | Politburo Standing Committee Political Consultative Conference chairman Central Military Commission chairman Central Advisory Commission chairman | Guang'an, Sichuan | ||
| Chen Yun | Politburo Standing Committee Central Commission for Discipline Inspection First Secretary Central Advisory Commission chairman | Qingpu, Shanghai | ||
| Li Xiannian | Politburo Standing Committee President of the People's Republic of China Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference chairman | Huang'an, Hubei | ||
| Peng Zhen | Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress | Houma, Shanxi | ||
| Yang Shangkun | President of the People's Republic of China Central Military Commission vice chairman | Tongnan, Chongqing | ||
| Bo Yibo | Central Advisory Committee vice chairman | Dingxiang, Shanxi | ||
| Wang Zhen | Vice President of the People's Republic of China Central Advisory Committee vice chairman | Liuyang, Hunan | ||
| Song Renqiong | Central Advisory Committee vice chairman | Liuyang, Hunan | ||
| Deng Yingchao | Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Chairwoman | Nanning, Guangxi | ||
| Xi Zhongxun | CCP Politburo Standing Committee of the National People's Congress vice chairman | Fuping, Shaanxi | ||
| Wan Li | Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress CCP Politburo | Dongping, Shandong |
;Timeline of the life span of members