Deli (Ottoman)


Deli was an Ottoman light cavalry unit which acted as frontline shock troops, skirmishers, and personal guards for high-level Ottoman officials in Rumelia during peacetime. The unit is usually confused in earlier historical records with the Akinji, both being light cavalry units and being part of Eyalet soldiers, although they were not related. The sipahi constituted the main and traditional cavalry force of the Ottoman Empire.
The unit was first established in the Rumelia Eyalet in the mid-15th century as frontier troops and border protection. It came to full potential in the 16th century, as organized by the Sanjak-beys of Bosnia and Smederevo. Gazi Husrev Bey is most associated with these troops, as he employed about 10,000 of them; due to their efficiency, other governors in Rumelia adopted them as well. The majority were Turkic or chosen from among the native Islamized Balkan peoples.
By the late 18th century the Deli volunteers were the most numerous cavalry force and were found in most Ottoman provinces.
Sultan Mahmud II abolished the unit in 1829, along with the disbandment of the Janissaries, in attempts to reform the army and establish one in the Western model.

Syria

In the 19th century, Ottoman Syria's best units were the Deli and the Maghariba, as they were mobile, as opposed to the stationary Janissaries. The Deli were active in the countryside, and their commanders entered important positions. They were most connected to the Kurds.

In popular culture

In the Turkish movie, Deliler Fatih'in Fermanı: directed by Osman Kaya, a small group of Delis is sent to Wallachia in order to kill the Romanian Prince Vlad the Impaler.