Congolian rainforests
The Congolian rainforests are a broad belt of lowland tropical moist broadleaf forests which extend across the basin of the Congo River and its tributaries in Central Africa.
Description
The Congolian rainforest is the world's second-largest tropical forest, after the Amazon rainforest. It covers over across six countries and contains a quarter of the world's remaining tropical forest. The Congolian forests cover southeastern Cameroon, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, the northern and central Democratic Republic of the Congo, and portions of southern and central Africa. The Congolian rainforest is home to a large number of flora and fauna, including more than 10,000 species of plants and over 10,000 species of animals. It is estimated that the region contains more than a quarter of the world's plant species and is home to one of the world's most threatened primate species, the western lowland gorilla. There are also a number of other species of primates, including the chimpanzee, black colobus monkey, red colobus monkey, and olive baboon.To the north, south, and southwest, the forests transition to drier forest-savanna mosaic, a mosaic of drier forests, savannas, and grasslands. To the west, the Congolian forests transition to the coastal Lower Guinean forests, which extend from southwestern Cameroon into southern Nigeria and Benin; these forest zones share many similarities and are sometimes known as the Lower Guinean-Congolian forests. To the east, the lowland Congolian forests transition to the highland Albertine Rift montane forests, which cover the mountains lining the Albertine Rift, a branch of the East African Rift system.
Ecoregions
The World Wide Fund for Nature divides the Congolian forests into six distinct ecoregions:- Atlantic Equatorial coastal forests
- Northwestern Congolian lowland forests
- Western Congolian swamp forests
- Eastern Congolian swamp forests
- Central Congolian lowland forests
- Northeastern Congolian lowland forests
Flora and fauna
There are over 400 species of mammals in the rainforest, including African forest elephants, African bush elephants, leopards, bongos, red river hogs, chimpanzees, bonobos, mountain gorillas, and lowland gorillas. The okapi is endemic to the northeastern Congolian rainforests.
The rainforests have 1,000 native species of birds like the grey parrot, brown nightjar and the bat hawk, and 700 species of fish like the Nile tilapia, Nile perch and the giraffe catfish.