Coast Guard of the FSB Border Service


The Coast Guard of the FSB Border Service of Russia, previously known as the Maritime Units of the KGB Border Troops, is the coast guard of Russia.
The purpose of the formation of the Coast Guard of the FSB Border Service of Russia is to create a modern comprehensive and multifunctional system for protecting the national interests of Russia in the border area on the border area, in the exclusive economic zone and on the continental shelf of Russia, taking into account the ongoing changes in political, economic, social life in the country and providing favorable conditions for the implementation of legal economic, fishing and other activities in the maritime border area of Russia.
Currently, the Coast Guard is part of the FSB Border Service of Russia.

History

Marine Units of the Border Troops of the USSR

After the end of the Second World War in 1945, the Marine Units of the Border Troops carried out the protection of the Soviet Union's maritime borders until its collapse. In different periods of border troops, along with their member MChPV, included in the structure of the various law enforcement agencies of the Soviet Union: the NKVD, MGB, MVD USSR. In 1957, the Marine units of the border troops, along with the rest of the border units, became part of the State Security Committee under the Council of Ministers of the USSR, which in 1978 was transformed into an independent state committee – USSR State Security Committee.
On October 22, 1991, the KGB of the USSR was abolished, on the basis of its former structures, 3 separate departments were created: the Inter-Republican Security Service, the Central Intelligence Service and the Committee for the Protection of the State Border of the USSR. The latter is responsible for the transfer of powers for the protection of the state border, in connection with which the Border Troops are transferred to his subordination.
On October 28, 1992, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1309 Committee for the Protection of the State Border of the USSR was abolished, in accordance with which the Border Troops, together with their Naval Units, were transferred to the subordination of the Ministry of Security of the Russian Federation formed on January 24, 1992.
On June 12, 1992, the Border Troops of the Russian Federation formed as part of the MBRF on the basis of the former Committee for the Protection of the State Border and the troops subordinate to it, while the Maritime Units of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation are one of their components.
On December 21, 1993, the MBRF was abolished, on its basis the Federal Counterintelligence Service of the Russian Federation was created, while on December 30, 1993, on the basis of the Border Troops and their control bodies, an independent federal executive body was created: the Federal Border Service – Main Command of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation.

Maritime Border Forces

In 1994, as part of the FPS – Glavkomat, the MChPV of Russia was reorganized into the Naval Forces of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation. The command of the naval forces of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation was created – instead of the post of the Deputy Commander of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation for the naval unit, the post of Commander of the naval forces of the Border Troops of the Russian Federation was approved.
December 30, 1994, the FPS – Glavkomat changes its name and is transformed into the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation

Marine Guard

August 29, 1997, in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 950 "On measures to ensure the protection of marine biological resources and state control in this area", on the basis of the Maritime Forces of the Border Troops, as well as the staff and material and technical means of the central office and regional fisheries protection bodies of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Russian Federation, the Marine Guard of the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation is formed as part of the FPS of Russia.
Since this period, the MOKhR FPS of Russia, in addition to the defense of the water boundaries of the State Border of the Russian Federation, has been assigned the task of protecting aquatic biological resources in internal sea waters, as well as in the Caspian and Azov Seas. As part of the Federal Border Guard Service of Russia, a management body of the Maritime Guard is formed – the Department of Maritime Guard Admiral I. I. Naletov is appointed Deputy Director – Head of the Department of Maritime Security of the Federal Border Guard Service of Russia, since 1999 – Vice Admiral V. K. Logvinenko.
On July 1, 2003, the Federal Border Service of the Russian Federation is abolished, and its functions are transferred to the jurisdiction of the Border Service created by the same Decree as part of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. To organize the activities of the newly created structure, the Organizational Department of the FSB Border Service of Russia is formed, within which, on the basis of the former Maritime Department, the Maritime Directorate of the FSB of Russia is organized – the control body of the Maritime Guard of the FSB Border Service of Russia.

Coast Guard

On July 20, 2004, on the basis of the Maritime Guard of the FSB of Russia, the Coast Guard of the FSB Border Service of Russia was formed. In the Organizational Department of the FSB of Russia, the former Maritime Administration is reorganized into the Coast Guard Administration of the FSB Border Service of Russia.
In 2005, the Russian Federation abolished such a type of power structures as border troops – since that time, all military formations, government agencies, inspection bodies and their management bodies of the FSB Border Service of Russia are called border agencies.
At the same time, in 2005, the FSB Border Service of Russia begins to transfer the system of manning the personnel of military units of the border agencies completely to a contract basis, with a gradual reduction in the number of servicemen doing military service by conscription. The process of transition to a contractual basis, which equally affected the bodies of the security guard of the FSB of Russia, was completed by the beginning of 2009.
On August 20, 2007, the Coast Guard Directorate was reorganized into the Coast Guard Department of the FSB Border Service of Russia. At present, the main personnel of the Coast Guard, as well as all border agencies of the FSB of Russia, are military personnel doing military service under contract, with the exception of the OMBIR bodies, staffed by federal government officials and civilian personnel.

Training and study

The FSB Coast Guard Institute, located in Anapa, was established in 2007. Cadets study for 4 years.

Ranks

Missions

The Russian Coast Guard has various missions, such as the protection of Russia's maritime borders, ensuring safe navigation in territorial waters, assisting vessels and aircraft, weather reconnaissance, fisheries protection, and fighting against smuggling and piracy. To perform these missions the Russian Coast Guard uses a variety of vessels and aircraft.

Patrol vessel deployment

Vessels of the Russian Coast Guard serve in all waters of the Russian Federation and, as of 2025, were deployed as follows:
; Arctic waters: 23 vessels.
; Pacific Ocean: 77 vessels.
; Black Sea: 74 vessels.
; Baltic Sea: 33 vessels.
; Caspian Sea: 27 vessels.
; Amur River: 41 larger vessels of various types, etc.
; Lake Peipus: 6 vessels.

Vessels in service

  • Corvettes: 2 – Project 1241.2
  • Offshore patrol vessels::
  • * 14 – Project 22460
  • * 3 – Project 22100
  • * 4 – Project 850285
  • Patrol icebreakers:
  • * 2 – Project 97P
  • * 12 – Project 22120
  • *  icebreaking patrol ship – 2 under construction and planned for service entry with the Coast Guard starting in the mid-2020s
  • Patrol boats :
  • *  – Project 10410
  • * 21 – Project 12200
  • * 61? – Project 12150
  • * 22+ – Project 1496M/M1
  • * 12 – Project P1415
  • * 4 – Project R1650
  • * 7 – Project 03050
  • * 3 – Project 14310
  • * 1 – Project 1400M
  • * 2 – Project 14230
  • * 4 – Project 18623
  • * 2  – Project 21600
  • * 3 – Project 13303/13306
  • * 4 – Project 1330/13301
  • * 1 – Project 6457S
  • * 1 – Project 502
  • * 8 – Project 503
  • * 4 – Project 810
  • * 1 – Project 1265
  • River patrol boats; all deployed in the Amur River basin:
  • * 15 – Project 1248
  • * 8 – Project 1249
  • * 4 – Project 12130
  • * 11 – Project 1208
  • Coastal/river logistics ships:
  • * 4 – Project 1595
  • * 5 – Project 16900
  • * 1 – Project 15010
  • * 5 – Project 1660
  • * 1 – Project 456
  • * 2 – Project 1481
  • Landing craft:
  • * 1 – Project 1176
  • * 2 – Project T4M
  • Armed seagoing tug:  – Project 745P
  • Harbour tug/training boat:
  • * 15 –  Project RM376 is variant of long-standing series
  • * 6 – Project 1439 Tugboat
  • * 1 – Project 1741 River Tug

    Aircraft

  • Antonov An-26
  • Antonov An-72
  • Ilyushin Il-76
  • Mil Mi-8
  • Kamov Ka-27
  • Ka-226T
  • Schiebel Camcopter S-100

    Weapons

Most vessels of the Russian Coast Guard are generally armed with light guns and/or machine guns but vessels may also carry heavier armament including larger caliber guns, missile systems and torpedoes.
UAVs are also increasingly employed in the service and larger vessels may also embark helicopters.
Russian Coast Guard personnel use a variety of weapons, including but is not limited to the AK series of rifles, pistols, grenade based weapons such as the DP-64 hand anti-diver grenade launcher and the 30 mm AGS-17 automatic grenade launcher, and a variety of machine guns from 7.62 mm machine guns to 14.5 mm machine guns.