Coamo, Puerto Rico
Coamo is a town and municipality founded in 1579 in the south-central region of Puerto Rico, located north of Santa Isabel; south of Orocovis and Barranquitas; east of Villalba and Juana DÃaz; and west of Aibonito and Salinas. The municipality of Coamo is spread over 10 barrios and Coamo Pueblo – the town or downtown area and administrative center of the city. The Coamo municipality is also a Micropolitan Statistical Area and as such is part of the Ponce-Yauco-Coamo Combined Statistical Area.
The town of Coamo and parts of its barrios are nestled in a valley about east of the town of Ponce. It was named San Blas Illescas de Coamo by Spanish settlers in 1579. Saint Blaise was designated by the Catholic Church as the patron saint of the town, and so it remains presently. Illescas is the Spanish town where some of the town founders originated.
There are several theories regarding the origin of the word Coamo. One theory is that it comes from an indigenous word that means "valley". Another theory is that Coamo derives its name from Coamex, who was a celebrated local cacique. Archeological digs in the municipality of Coamo have produced extensive evidence of pre-Columbian inhabitants of the area.
Coamo is famous for its natural hot springs, Los Baños de Coamo, and for its annual San Blas Half Marathon. The Battle of Coamo was a decisive battle of the Spanish–American War.
History
When Spanish settlers arrived, Coamo was inhabited by the Taino. Modern archeology has found evidence of at least four pre-columbian villages in the territory that is today the Coamo municipality:- "Buenos Aires" village was located in the current downtown southern section, were today is Buenos Aires Street
- "Baños de Coamo" village was located by the hot springs, across the river from the modern baths.
- "Cuyón" village was located in what is now Cuyón barrio
- "Las Flores" village was located west of the Las Flores neighborhood in San Ildefonso barrio. Artifacts found here suggest a high status cacique lived here.
After the Taino rebellion of 1511 was defeated by the Spanish fuerzas españolas, the hard labor in encomiendas, epidemics of smallpox and other European diseases, and conversion to Catholicism and intermarriage with Spanish colonist contributed to the assimilation of the Taino into the Spanish society and culture.
Founded on July 15, 1579, the town of Coamo is the third-oldest settlement of the island's post-Columbian period. At that time, Coamo was the administrative center for a larger area that would eventually be subdivided into several municipalities: Guayama, Cayey, Juana DÃaz, Orocovis, Barranquitas, Cidra, Patillas, Aibonito, Santa Isabel, Salinas and Arroyo.
By 1582, there were twenty families living in Coamo, in the same area where the Tainos had had their village of Guayama. Coamo officially became a town in 1616, and was given the title of "Villa" by Spanish Royal Decree in 1778.
Coamo was the administrative center that encompassed most of the southern half of the island during the early colonial period. As the agricultural and sugar industries grew and became the mainstays of the colony's economy, the province would eventually subdivide into several distinct municipalities, and the administrative center of the region would later shift west to the coastal town of Ponce.
Coamo is the home of a series of natural hot springs, Los Baños de Coamo, which have attracted visitors since before the Spaniards landed. These springs were once rumored to have been Juan Ponce de León's legendary fountain of youth. In the early nineteenth century, a system of pools of varying depths, sizes and temperatures was constructed at the site of these springs to serve as a spa for the colonials. During the American invasion in the Spanish–American War, this site was the scene of one of the decisive battles of that conflict. The American troops took possession of the island, and the spa was subsequently abandoned. Though the site lay in ruins for most of the twentieth century, it continued to be a landmark to the Coameños, who would often go to bathe in its healing thermal waters. The pools remain, but the old buildings which once hosted the island's affluent and colonial soldiers are gone, except for the remains of one central wall structure. It has been preserved and incorporated into a fountain courtyard on the grounds of a popular tourist hotel and rest area and has replaced the ancient Spanish ruins.
Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States Department of War conducted a census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Coamo was 15,144.
Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017 triggered numerous landslides in Coamo with the significant amount of rainfall. As of October 9, no one in Coamo had electrical service, only 15% of Coamo had access to clean drinking water, and several people on dialysis had died. Around 2,000 homes were partially or completely destroyed. The iconic Hotel Los Baños de Coamo was a total loss.
Geography
Coamo is located in the South Central region of Puerto Rico.Barrios
Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Coamo is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a small barrio referred to as "el pueblo", near the center of the municipality.- Coamo Arriba
- Coamo barrio-pueblo
- Cuyón
- Hayales
- Los Llanos
- Palmarejo
- Pasto
- Pedro GarcÃa
- Pulguillas
- San Ildefonso
- Santa Catalina
Sectors
Special Communities
Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Coamo: Zambrana neighborhood, Cuyón, Sector Varsovia in El Cerro, RÃo Jueyes, and Sector Sabana Hoyo.Economy
Agriculture
Coamo is an agricultural center where mangoes, corn, guanabanas, tamarindo, quenepas, avocados, oranges and plantains are grown, and where poultry and cattle are raised.Industry
Coamo is a trading center for machinery, aircraft radio components, and clothing.Tourism
To stimulate local tourism, the Puerto Rico Tourism Company launched the Voy Turistiendo campaign, with a passport book and website. The Coamo page lists Aguas Termales de Coamo, Iglesia San Blas de Illescas, and Mirador Cerro Picó, as places of interest.Landmarks and places of interest
There are eight places in Coamo listed on the US National Register of Historic Places:- Casa Blanca de Coamo
- Ermita Nuestra Señora de la Valvanera
- Iglesia San Blas de Illescas, construction on the church began in 1661 and it is one of the oldest parishes in Puerto Rico
- Puente de las Calabazas
- General Méndez Vigo Bridge
- Puente Padre Iñigo
- Picó Pomar Residence, now a museum
- Carretera Central, a highway that runs through several municipalities including Coamo
- Los Baños de Coamo – near the border with Santa Isabel
- Puente de Las Flores
Culture
Festivals and events
Coamo celebrates its patron saint festival in February. The Fiestas Patronales de San Blas Illescas y La Virgen Candelaria is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.Other festivals and events celebrated in Coamo include:
- San Blas Half Marathon – February
- Crafts festival in honor of the municipal flag – June
- Coamo Anniversary – July
- Concert and lighting of the Christmas tree – December
Sports
The Maratonistas de Coamo is the only professional team which the town hosts. The team has played in Coamo with mixed success since joining the league in 1985.
Demographics
Government
All municipalities in Puerto Rico are administered by a mayor, elected every four years. The current mayor of Coamo is Juan Carlos GarcÃa Padilla, of the Popular Democratic Party. He was first elected at the 2000 general elections.The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district VI, which is represented by two Senators. In 2024, Rafael Santos Ortiz and Wilmer Reyes BerrÃos were elected as District Senators.