List of astronauts by year of selection
This is a list of astronauts by year of selection: people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. Until recently, astronauts were sponsored and trained exclusively by governments, either by the military or by civilian space agencies. However, with the advent of suborbital flight starting with privately funded SpaceShipOne in 2004, a new category of astronaut was created: the commercial astronaut.
While the term astronaut is sometimes applied to anyone who trains for travels into space—including scientists, politicians, journalists, and tourists—this article lists only professional astronauts, those who have been selected to train as a profession. This includes national space programs and private industry programs which train and/or hire their own professional astronauts.
More than 500 people have trained as astronauts. A list of everyone who has flown in space can be found at List of space travelers by name.
X-15 pilot group (USA)
1958
'''June 25 – Man in Space Soonest '''1959
'April 9 – NASA Group 1 – Mercury Seven'' '''1960
March 7 – Air Force Group 1:ru:Первый отряд космонавтов СССР
'''April – Dyna–Soar Group 1 '''
1962
March 12 – Female Group:ru:Женская группа космонавтов ВВС
September 17 – NASA Group 2 – The Next Nine, aka ''The Nifty Nine, The New Nine
'September 19 – Dyna-Soar Group 2 '''
1963
January 10 – Air Force Group 2:ru:2-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
'October 17, 1963 – NASA Group 3 – The Fourteen'' '''
1964
January 25 – Air Force Group 2 SupplementalMay 26 – Voskhod Group – Medical Group 1
:ru:Набор космонавтов для полёта на корабле «Восход»
'''June 11 – Civilian Specialist Group 1 '''
1965
June 1 – Journalist Group 1June 1 – Medical Group 2
June 28 – NASA Group 4 – The Scientists
October 28 – Air Force Group 3
:ru:3-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
'''November – USAF MOL Group 1 '''
1966
April 4 – NASA Group 5May 23 – Civilian Specialist Group 2
June 30 – USAF MOL Group 2
September – Military Cosmonaut Group
'''1966–67 – Military Cosmonaut Group '''
1967
January 31 – Civilian Specialist Group 2 SupplementalFebruary – Soviet crewed lunar programs cosmonauts in two training groups
May 7 – Air Force Group 4
:ru:4-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
May 22 – Academy of Sciences Group
June – USAF MOL Group 3
October 4 – NASA Group 6 – XS-11 ' '''
1968
'''May 27 – Civilian Specialist Group 3 '''1969
August 14 – NASA Group 7'''September 10 – Civilian Engineer Group '''
1970
April 27 – Air Force Group 5:ru:5-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
1971
February 25 – 1971 Scientific Group'''May – Shuguang Group 1970 '''
1972
March 22 – Civilian Specialist Group 4March 22 – Medical Group 3 – USSR
:ru:Отряд космонавтов ИМБП
1973
'''March 27 – Civilian Specialist Group 5 '''1974
'''January 1 – Physician Group '''1976
August 23 – Air Force Group 6 – Space shuttle Buran '''crew:ru:6-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
Protchenko was removed from the squad for health reasons, Ivanov was killed in the crash of a MiG-27 during test pilot training and Kadenyuk was removed from the squad over marital issues. Vasyutin concealed a medical condition from doctors that resulted in his falling ill during the Soyuz T-14/ Salyut 7 EO-4 flight causing the premature termination of the mission 4 months early. This resulted in more stringent cosmonaut medical checks which Moskalenko and Saley failed.
November 25 – 1976 Intercosmos Group '''
1977
IMBD:ru:Отряд космонавтов ИМБП
'''July 12 – The first group of test pilots for Buran – Gromov Flight Research Institute group '''
1978
January 16 – NASA Group 8 – TFNG Thirty-Five New GuysMarch 1 – 1978 Intercosmos Group
May 1 – Spacelab Payload Specialists Group 1
Air Force Group 7
:ru:7-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
1979
August – USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program – Group 1'''April 1 – 1979 Intercosmos Group'''
1980
May 29 – NASA Group 9July 30 – LII–1/IMBP–3/MAP/NPOE-5/AN–2 Cosmonaut Group
''' 1980 – CNES Group 1 '''
1982
August – USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer ProgramSeptember 11 – 1982 Intercosmos Group
'''December 1 – Spacelab Payload Specialists Group '''
1983
April 25 – The second group of test pilots for the project "Buran" – Gromov Flight Research Institute group)'''December – NRC Group '''
1984
February 15 – NPOE–6 Cosmonaut GroupMay 23 – NASA Group 10 – The Maggots
June 12 – The third group of test pilots for the project "Buran" – Gromov Flight Research Institute group
Victor Zabolotski.
1985
April – Saudi ArabiaMay – ISRO Insat Group
June
June 4 – NASA Group 11
July 19 – NASA Teacher in Space Program
August 1 – 1985 NASDA Group
August – USAF Manned Spaceflight Engineer Program – Group 3
September 2 – GKNII–2/NPOE–7 Cosmonaut Group
September 18 – CNES Group 2
September 30 – 1985 Intercosmos Group
October – Indonesian Palapa Group
December 27 – ATLAS–1
IMBD
:ru:Отряд космонавтов ИМБП
1986
January 2 – The fourth group of test pilots for the project "Buran" – Gromov Flight Research Institute groupSergey Tresvyatski and Yuri Schaeffer.
1987
January 5 – Shipka GroupMarch 26 – TsPK–8/NPOE-8 Cosmonaut Group
:ru:8-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
June 5 – NASA Group 12 – The GAFFers
'''August 3 – 1987 German Group'''
1988
February 12 – OS "Mir" GroupAir Force Group 9
:ru:9-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
1989
January 25 – IMBP–5/GKNII–3/NPOE–9/TsPK–10 Cosmonaut Group:ru:10-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
22 March – The last group of test pilots for the Buran project – Gromov Flight Research Institute group)
May 23 – 1989 Italian Group
September 29 – ATLAS Payload Specialists
'''November 25 – Project Juno '''
1990
January 17 – NASA Group 13 – The HairballsFebruary – CNES Group 3
May 11 – TsPK–11 Cosmonaut Group
:ru:11-й набор космонавтов ЦПК ВВС
'''October 8 – 1990 German Group'''
1992
March 3 – NPOE-10 Cosmonaut GroupMarch 31 – NASA Group 14 – The Hogs
April – 1992 NASDA Group
June – CSA Group 2
'''May 15 – 1992 ESA Group '''
1994
April 1 – NPOE–11 Cosmonaut Group'December 12 – NASA Group 15 – The Flying Escargot'' '''
1996
February 9 – MKS/RKKE–12 Cosmonaut GroupMarch 26 – MKS supplemental cosmonaut group
May 1 – NASA Group 16 – The Sardines
June – NASDA Group
October – China Group 1996
'''November – Shuttle-97 Group '''
1997
April – Shuttle Group'''July 28 – TsPK–12/RKKE-13 Cosmonaut Group '''
1998
January – Chinese Group 1February 24 – RKKE-14 Cosmonaut Group
March 2 – OS "Mir" Stefanik Group
June 4 – NASA Group 17 – The Penguins
'''October 7 – 1998 ESA Group '''
1999
February – 1999 NASDA Group'''1 November – 1999 ESA Group '''
2000
'July 26 – NASA Group 18 – The Bugs'' '''2003
May 23 – TsPK-13/RKKE-15/IMBP-6 Cosmonaut GroupKazakhstan – Group 1
'''September 11 – SpaceShipOne '''
2004
'May 6 – NASA Group 19 – The Peacocks'' '''2006
March 30 – Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots GroupSeptember 4 – Angkasawan Group
October 11 – TsPK-14/RKKE-16 Cosmonaut Group
'''December 25 – Korean Astronaut Program Group'''
2008
'''July – Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group '''2009
February 25 – JAXA GroupMay 13 – CSA Group
May 20 – ESA Group – The Shenanigans
June 29 – NASA Group 20 – Chumps
'''September 8 – JAXA Group '''
2010
March – Chinese Group 27 new astronauts
April 12 – [|Association of Spaceflight Professionals] – Group 1
June 7 – Association of Spaceflight Professionals – Group 2
October 12 – TsPK-15/RKKE-17/RKKE-18 Cosmonaut Group ''''''
2011
January–February – Enrolled in a United squad of Roscosmos astronautsFrom 1 January 2011 at the Research Institute of the Y. A. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center is a single detachment of the Russian Space Agency astronauts, which in 2015 consisted of 38 people. The next set of candidates was announced at the beginning of 2016, then postponed until 2017. In September 2016, the unit counted 31 astronauts.
February 28 – 'Association of Spaceflight Professionals – Group 3'
'''October 26 – Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots Group '''
2012
February – Enrolled in a United squad of Roscosmos cosmonauts'''October 30 – 2012 Cosmonaut Group '''
2013
May 8 Virgin Galactic Astronaut Pilots GroupJune 3 – Association of Spaceflight Professionals – Group 4
June 17 – NASA Group 21 – 8-Balls '''