Chemical pneumonitis
Chemical pneumonitis is inflammation of the lung caused by aspirating or inhaling irritants. It is sometimes called a "chemical pneumonia", though it is not infectious. There are two general types of chemical pneumonitis: acute and chronic.
Irritants capable of causing chemical pneumonitis include vomitus, barium used in gastro-intestinal imaging, chlorine gas, ingested gasoline or other petroleum distillates, ingested or skin absorbed pesticides, gases from electroplating, smoke and others. It may also be caused by the use of inhalants.
Mendelson's syndrome is a type of chemical pneumonitis.
Mineral oil should not be given internally to young children, pets, or anyone with a cough, hiatal hernia, or nocturnal reflux, because it can cause complications such as lipoid pneumonia. Due to its low density, it is easily aspirated into the lungs, where it cannot be removed by the body. In children, if aspirated, the oil can work to prevent normal breathing, resulting in death of brain cells and permanent paralysis and/or brain damage.
Signs and symptoms
Acute:- Cough
- Difficulty Breathing
- Abnormal lung sounds
- Chest pain, tightness or burning sensation
- Persistent cough
- Shortness of breath
- Increased susceptibility to respiratory illness
Diagnosis
The pragmatic challenge is to distinguish from aspiration pneumonia with an infectious component because the former does not require antibiotics while the latter does. While some issues, such as a recent history of exposure to substantive toxins, can foretell the diagnosis, for a patient with dysphagia the diagnosis may be less obvious, as the dysphagic patient may have caustic gastric contents damaging the lungs which may or may not have progressed to bacterial infection.The following tests help determine how severely the lungs are affected:
- Blood gases
- CT scan of chest
- Lung function studies
- X-ray of the chest
- Swallowing studies to check if stomach acid is the cause of pneumonitis