Cedar Walton


Cedar Anthony Walton Jr. was an American hard bop jazz pianist. He came to prominence as a member of drummer Art Blakey's band, The Jazz Messengers, before establishing a long career as a bandleader and composer. Several of his compositions have become jazz standards, including "Mosaic", "Bolivia", "Holy Land", "Mode for Joe" and "Ugetsu/Fantasy in D".

Early life

Walton was born and grew up in Dallas, Texas. His mother Ruth, an aspiring concert pianist, was his first teacher, and took him to jazz performances around Dallas. Walton cited Nat King Cole, Bud Powell, Thelonious Monk and Art Tatum as his major influences on piano. He began emulating these artists' recordings from an early age.
After briefly attending Dillard University in New Orleans, he entered the University of Denver as a composition major, but was encouraged to switch to a music-education program with the goal of a career in the local public school system. This later proved extremely useful, as he learned to play and arrange for various instruments, a talent he honed with Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers.
Walton was tempted by the promise of New York City through his associations with John Coltrane, Charlie Parker, and Richie Powell, whom he met at after-hours sessions around Denver, Colorado. In 1955, he decided to leave school and drove with a friend to New York City. He quickly got recognition from Johnny Garry, who ran Birdland at the time.

Later life and career

Walton was drafted into the U.S. Army and stationed in Germany, cutting short his rising status in the after-hours jazz scene. In the Army he played with musicians Leo Wright, Don Ellis and Eddie Harris. On his discharge after two years, he picked up where he left off, playing as a sideman with Kenny Dorham, on whose 1958 album This Is the Moment!, he made his recording debut. He joined the Jazztet led by Benny Golson and Art Farmer and played with them from 1958 to 1961. In April 1959 he recorded an alternate take of "Giant Steps" with John Coltrane, though he did not solo. In the early 1960s Walton joined Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers as a pianist-arranger, where, for the next three years, he wrote and arranged such originals as "Ugetsu" and "Mosaic".
He left the Messengers in 1964 and by the late 1960s was part of the house rhythm section at Prestige Records. In addition to releasing his own recordings there, he recorded with Sonny Criss, Pat Martino, Eric Kloss, and Charles McPherson. For a year, he was Abbey Lincoln's accompanist, and recorded with Lee Morgan from 1966 to 1968. In the mid-1970s he led the funk group Mobius. He arranged and recorded for Etta James from the mid-1990s on, helping her win a Grammy Award for Best Jazz Vocal Album for Mystery Lady: Songs of Billie Holiday in 1994.
Many of Walton's compositions have become jazz standards, including "Firm Roots", "Bolivia", "Holy Land", "Mode for Joe" and "Cedar's Blues". One of his oldest compositions is "Fantasy in D", recorded as "Ugetsu" by Art Blakey in 1963, and as "Polar AC" by Freddie Hubbard, first in 1971.
In January 2010, Walton was inducted as a National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Master.

Billy Higgins partnership and The Magic Triangle

Walton played and recorded with drummer Billy Higgins from the mid-1960s through the 1990s. Higgins and Walton first recorded together in 1965 for Eddie Harris's The In Sound LP, and Higgins played on Walton's first album, Cedar!. They continued to play and record together regularly through the 1970s and 1980s. In the early 1970s, bassist Sam Jones formed a working trio, The Magic Triangle, with Walton and Higgins. They recorded albums under both Walton's and Jones's leadership, and played on several 1970s albums by Art Farmer and Clifford Jordan. Though they did not record as The Magic Triangle, Jordan's albums Clifford Jordan and the Magic Triangle on Stage, Firm Roots, and The Highest Mountain cited the trio's informal name. They also backed up Hank Mobley, Gene Ammons and Sonny Stitt, and Idrees Sulieman in the 1970s on live and studio recordings. Drummer Louis Hayes sometimes replaced Higgins during this period for recordings and live performances.
In 1975, The Magic Triangle became the core of the Eastern Rebellion jazz collective, which featured saxophonists George Coleman, Bob Berg and Ralph Moore, trombonist Curtis Fuller, and trumpeter Alfredo "Chocolate" Armenteros. Eastern Rebellion released seven albums between 1975 and 1994, all featuring Walton and Higgins.
Sam Jones died in late 1981, and Walton and Higgins carried on with bassist David "Happy" Williams, who also joined them on the four final Eastern Rebellion recordings. Walton, Williams, and Higgins recorded regularly throughout the 1980s and early 1990s under Walton's leadership. Walton and Higgins also appeared on recordings by Freddie Hubbard, Stanley Turrentine, Slide Hampton, Junior Cook, Bobby Hutcherson, Frank Morgan, and Jackie McLean.
With bassist Ron Carter, Walton and Higgins recorded two live albums in 1991 at the Sweet Basil Jazz Club as the Sweet Basil Trio. A third Sweet Basil Trio record, this time with Williams on bass, was recorded in 1993.
Writing of The Magic Triangle's collaborations with Clifford Jordan, pianist and essayist Ethan Iverson wrote: "Taken as a collection, the Jordan–Walton canon from the seventies is some of the best jazz ever recorded....If I had to pick only one from that collaboration for a desert isle, it would be Jordan's Night of the Mark VII."

Death

After a brief illness, Walton died on August 19, 2013, at his home in Brooklyn, New York, at age 79.

Discography

As leader/co-leader

Posthumous releases
  • Reliving The Moment – Live At The Keystone Korner – live rec. 1977–78
  • Charmed Circle – rec. 1979
As leader of Eastern Rebellion
  • 1975: Eastern Rebellion with George Coleman, Sam Jones & Billy Higgins
  • 1977: Eastern Rebellion 2 with Bob Berg, Sam Jones & Billy Higgins
  • 1979: Eastern Rebellion 3 with Curtis Fuller, Bob Berg, Sam Jones & Billy Higgins
  • 1983: Eastern Rebellion 4 with Curtis Fuller, Bob Berg, Alfredo "Chocolate" Armenteros, David Williams & Billy Higgins
  • 1990: Mosaic with Ralph Moore, David Williams & Billy Higgins
  • 1992: Simple Pleasure with Ralph Moore, David Williams & Billy Higgins
  • 1994: Just One of Those... Nights at the Village Vanguard with Ralph Moore, David Williams & Billy Higgins

    As a member

The Timeless All Stars
  • It's Timeless
  • Timeless Heart
  • Essence
  • ''Time for the Timeless All Stars''

    As sideman

With Gene Ammons and Sonny Stitt
With Art Blakey
  • Mosaic
  • Three Blind Mice
  • Caravan
  • Ugetsu
  • Buhaina's Delight
  • Free for All
  • Kyoto
  • Indestructible
  • Golden Boy
  • Buhaina
  • Anthenagin
With Donald Byrd
  • Slow Drag
  • Blackjack
With Sonny Criss
With Kenny Dorham
With Art Farmer
  • The Time and the Place
  • The Art Farmer Quintet Plays the Great Jazz Hits
  • Homecoming
  • Yesterday's Thoughts
  • To Duke with Love
  • The Summer Knows
  • Art Farmer Quintet at Boomers
With Curtis Fuller
  • Soul Trombone
  • Smokin
With Benny Golson
With Dexter Gordon
  • 1972: Generation
  • 1972: Tangerine
  • 1980: Gotham City
With Steve Grossman
  • Love Is the Thing
  • A Small Hotel
With Eddie Harris
  • Cool Sax from Hollywood to Broadway
  • The In Sound
  • Mean Greens
  • The Tender Storm
  • Excursions – rec. 1966–73
  • How Can You Live Like That?
With Jimmy Heath
  • Jimmy Heath Orchestra, Really Big!
  • The Quota
  • Triple Threat
With Billy Higgins
  • Soweto
  • Once More
  • The Soldier – rec. 1979
  • Bridgework
  • Billy Higgins Quintet
With Freddie Hubbard
  • Hub Cap
  • The Body & the Soul
  • Here to Stay – rec. 1962
  • Bolivia
With Bobby Hutcherson
  • Highway One
  • Farewell Keystone – rec. 1982
With Milt Jackson
  • Milt Jackson at the Museum of Modern Art
  • Born Free
  • Milt Jackson and the Hip String Quartet
  • Goodbye
  • Olinga
  • Milt Jackson at the Kosei Nenkin
  • Bags' Bag
  • It Don't Mean a Thing If You Can't Tap Your Foot to It
  • The Harem
  • Reverence and Compassion
With Etta James
  • Mystery Lady: Songs of Billie Holiday
  • Time After Time
  • 12 Songs of Christmas
  • Blue Gardenia
With The Jazztet
  • Big City Sounds
  • The Jazztet and John Lewis
  • The Jazztet at Birdhouse
  • Voices All
With J. J. Johnson
  • Really Livin
  • J.J. Inc.
With Philly Joe Jones
  • Advance!
  • Drum Song – rec. 1978
With Sam Jones
  • Seven Minds
  • Something in Common
With Clifford Jordan
  • Spellbound
  • Starting Time
  • Bearcat
  • These are My Roots: Clifford Jordan Plays Leadbelly
  • Glass Bead Games
  • Night of the Mark VII
  • Firm Roots
  • The Highest Mountain
  • On Stage Vol. 1 – rec. 1975
  • On Stage Vol. 2 – rec. 1975
  • On Stage Vol. 3 – rec. 1975
  • Half Note – rec. 1974
With Kimiko Kasai
  • Kimiko Is Here
  • Kimiko Kasai
With Charles McPherson
  • From This Moment On!
  • Horizons
With Blue Mitchell
  • The Cup Bearers
  • Boss Horn
  • Stratosonic Nuances
  • Summer Soft
With Frank Morgan
With Lee Morgan
  • Charisma
  • The Rajah
  • Sonic Boom
  • The Sixth Sense
  • Caramba!
With David "Fathead" Newman
  • Resurgence!
  • Diamondhead
  • Davey Blue
With Houston Person
  • Chocomotive
  • Trust in Me
  • Blue Odyssey
  • Broken Windows, Empty Hallways
  • The Big Horn – rec. 1976
  • Very PERSONal
  • Naturally
With Sonny Red
  • The Mode
  • Sonny Red
With Archie Shepp
  • For Losers
  • Kwanza
With Lucky Thompson
With Stanley Turrentine
  • Another Story
  • More Than a Mood
With others