2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine
2,5-Dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine, also known as brolamfetamine, is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and DOx families. For many years, prior to the discovery of newer compounds, DOB was the most potent known phenethylamine psychedelic. It is taken orally.
The drug acts as an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors, including of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Analogues of DOB include 2C-B, DOM, DOI, and Bromo-DragonFLY, among others.
DOB was first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin in 1967 and was described by him and his colleagues in the scientific literature in 1971. Shulgin subsequently further described the effects of DOB in his 1991 book PiHKAL.
Use and effects
In his book PiHKAL, Alexander Shulgin lists DOB's dose as 1 to 3mg orally and its duration as 18 to 30hours. In an earlier publication, he listed its dose as 2 to 3mg for racemic DOB and 1 to 2mg for the preferentially active -DOB enantiomer. In addition, he described the duration as being extremely long, with a gradual descent and baseline being achieved after 24 to 36hours. The onset has been described as 1 to 2hours, the time to peak as 3 or 4hours, and a plateau occurring from 4 to 10hours. Its onset is said to be relatively slow.The effects of DOB and -DOB have been reported to include visual changes such as prismatic-colored rings around the moon and long-lasting "after-images" following seeing points of light, little visual distortion, an "incredible Moebius strip representation of reality at the intellectual level", rich fantasy, flashes of depersonalization, cosmic thinking, introspection, insights, intoxication, impairment, stimulation, brief lapses in attention or "little fugue states", body load, cramps, muscle tremors, and sleep disruption. At a low dose of 0.4mg DOB, there was only enhanced visual perception, strengthening of colors, enriched emotional affect, a comfortable good feeling, and colorful and important dreams.
-DOB produced moderate effects at a dose of 0.5mg and pronounced effects at 1.0 to 1.5mg, whereas there were no effects with 0.5mg -DOB and only threshold and very slight effects with 1.0mg -DOB. In relation to this, -DOB is described as the more active enantiomer and -DOB as much less active. In one report, 1mg -DOB was described as not as strong as 2mg DOB, suggesting that it is more potent than the racemate but is not double its potency and hence that -DOB also contributes to the effects of the racemate. -DOB has never been tested up to fully active doses. In another source however, by Richard Glennon and colleagues, the approximate hallucinogenic dose was listed as 0.8 to 2.0mg for racemic DOB, 0.5mg for -DOB, and 5.0mg for -DOB.
Side effects
s of DOB include body load, muscle tremors, muscle cramps, attention lapses described as "little fugue states", sleeping difficulties, and bizarre dreams.Overdose
of DOB has been reported to produce cardiovascular symptoms and convulsions. Excessively high doses of DOB may cause diffuse arterial spasm. The vasospasm responded readily to intra-arterial and intravenous vasodilators, such as tolazoline. A 35mg overdose resulted in death, while a 75mg overdose in a person with tolerance resulted in ergotism-like complications that required amputation.Interactions
DOB may interact synergistically with alcohol.Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
DOB is a serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonist. Its psychedelic effects are mediated by its agonistic properties at the 5-HT2A receptor. Due to its selectivity, DOB is often used in scientific research when studying the 5-HT2 receptor subfamily.It is a very weak agonist of the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 and a weak agonist of the rhesus monkey TAAR1. In contrast to the serotonin releasing agent MDMA, DOB does not produce protein kinase C activation in the brains of rodents in vivo. The PKC activation by MDMA appears to be dependent on uptake by the serotonin transporter.
DOB has been found to reduce aggression in rats.
DOB is one of the most potent compounds in PiHKAL; while the active dose is similar to that of DOI, another psychedelic amphetamine, DOB has been shown to have a higher efficacy in triggering downstream effects mediated by serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.