Avachinsky


Avachinsky is an active stratovolcano in Russia. It is situated on the Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East. Avachinsky lies within sight of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, the capital of Kamchatka Krai. Together with neighbouring Koryaksky volcano, it is considered a Decade Volcano, worthy of particular study in light of its history of explosive eruptions and proximity to populated areas.

Geological history

Avachinsky lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire, at a point where the Pacific Plate is sliding underneath the Eurasian Plate at a rate of about /year. A wedge of mantle material lying between the subducting Pacific Plate and the overlying Eurasian Plate is the source of dynamic volcanism over the whole Kamchatka Peninsula.
The volcano is one of the most active volcanoes on the Kamchatka Peninsula, and began erupting in the middle to late Pleistocene era. It has a horseshoe-shaped caldera, which formed 30-40,000 years ago in a major landslide which covered an area of south of the volcano, underlying the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Reconstruction of a new cone inside the caldera occurred in two major eruption phases, 18,000 and 7,000 years ago.

Recorded history

In his Journal of Captain Cook's Last Voyage, John Ledyard records the eruption of Avachinsky on 15 June 1779. He refers to Koryaksky and Avachinsky as Peter and Paul.

Recent activity

Avachinsky has erupted at least 16 times in recorded history. Eruptions have generally been explosive with pyroclastic flows and lahars having the tendency to be directed to the south-west by the breached caldera geometry. The most recent large eruption occurred in 1945, ejecting around of magma. The volcano has since had small eruptions in 1991 and 2001.
The volcano continues to experience frequent earthquakes and many fumaroles exist near the summit. The temperature of gases emitted at these fumaroles has been measured at over. In light of its proximity to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Avachinsky was designated a Decade Volcano in 1996 as part of the United Nations' International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction together with the nearby Koryaksky volcano.