April 1949

[April 1], 1949 (Friday)

• Soldiers of the Chinese Nationalist government injured 101 students who were protesting outside the office of Acting President Li Zongren in Nanjing.
• Joey Smallwood took office as 1st Premier of Newfoundland.
• Born: Sheck Exley, American cave diver ; Paul Manafort, American lobbyist, political consultant, lawyer, and convicted felon, in New Britain, Connecticut; Gérard Mestrallet, businessman, in Paris, France; Gil Scott-Heron, jazz poet and author, in Chicago, Illinois
• Died: Evelyn Owen, 44, Australian designer of the Owen Gun

  [April 2], 1949 (Saturday)

• All restrictions on electric signs in the United Kingdom were lifted for the first time in ten years.
• Born: Pamela Reed, actress, in Tacoma, Washington
• Died: George Graves, 73, English comic actor; Chandra Mohan, 42, Indian actor

  [April 3], 1949 (Sunday)

• Israel and Transjordan signed a general armistice agreement, leaving Syria as the last Arab country with which Israel had yet to make peace.
• Government forces in Costa Rica put down a coup attempt.
• The 8x6-Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel began operation at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics' Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio.
• Born: Richard Thompson, folk rock musician, in Notting Hill, England

  [April 4], 1949 (Monday)

• The North Atlantic Treaty was signed in Washington, establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
• A court judge in Paris ruled that Victor Kravchenko had been libeled by the Communist weekly Les Lettres Françaises when it published a series of articles claiming that his best-selling book about life in the Soviet Union, I Chose Freedom, had been ghostwritten by American agents and was full of lies. Kravchenko was awarded 150,000 francs in damages although this would later be drastically reduced on appeal.

  [April 5], 1949 (Tuesday)

• 69 people were killed in a hospital fire in Effingham, Illinois.
• Born: Judith Resnik, engineer and astronaut who was killed in the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, in Akron, Ohio

  [April 6], 1949 (Wednesday)

• On Budget Day in the United Kingdom, Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir Stafford Cripps surprisingly increased taxes by £35 million instead of cutting them as was widely expected. Despite a projected net invisible income of £100 million in 1948, Cripps said that it was "quite impossible to reduce taxation as long as the defence and social services were produced on the present scale."
• Born: Horst Ludwig Störmer, physicist and Nobel laureate, in Frankfurt, Germany
• Died: Seymour Hicks, 78, British actor

  [April 7], 1949 (Thursday)

• County council elections in London resulted in a heavy defeat for the Labour Party, which lost the majority it had held for 15 years. The results were seen as a rejection of the Cripps austerity budget.
• The Rodgers and Hammerstein stage musical South Pacific opened at the Majestic Theatre on Broadway.
• The musical comedy film A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court starring Bing Crosby, Rhonda Fleming and William Bendix premiered at Radio City Music Hall in New York.
• Born: Zygmunt Zimowski, prelate of the Roman Catholic Church, in Kupienin, Poland
• Died: Mikhail Denisenko, 49, Soviet general

  [April 8], 1949 (Friday)

• The Soviet Union vetoed South Korea's application for admission to the United Nations.
• Three-year old Kathy Fiscus died after falling into a well in San Marino, California. The attempted rescue was broadcast live on KTLA, marking a watershed event in live television coverage.
• Born: Fanie de Jager, singer, in Newcastle, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Brenda Russell, singer-songwriter and keyboardist, in Brooklyn, New York
• Died: Wilhelm Adam, 71, German general; Santiago Alba y Bonifaz, 76, Spanish politician and lawyer

  [April 9], 1949 (Saturday)

• The International Court of Justice decided the Corfu Channel case, finding Albania responsible for the 1946 Corfu Channel incident in which two British destroyers were heavily damaged by mines.
• The US House Appropriations Committee voted a postwar record $16 billion to the armed forces for the next fiscal year.
• The first telethon in history was broadcast, hosted by Milton Berle, for the Damon Runyon Memorial Fund. Over $1 million was raised for cancer research.

  [April 10], 1949 (Sunday)

• Sam Snead won the Masters Tournament by three strokes. This was the first year that the famous green jacket was awarded to the tournament winner.
• Point of No Return by John P. Marquand began its five-month run atop The New York Times Fiction Best Seller list.
• Died: Fred Thompson, 65, English playwright

  [April 11], 1949 (Monday)

• Italian Foreign Minister Carlo Sforza asked the United Nations to return Italy's prewar African colonies, promising that Italy would prepare them for independence at the earliest possible date.
• South Africa's Assembly passed a constitutional amendment granting parliamentary representation to South-West Africa.
• The four-day Oldstone Conference on quantum mechanics opened at Oldstone-on-the-Hudson in Peekskill, New York.
• Born: Bernd Eichinger, filmmaker, in Neuburg an der Donau, Germany
• Died: Chase Osborn, 89, American politician, explorer and newspaper reporter and publisher

  [April 12], 1949 (Tuesday)

• The Soviet Union agreed to give Albania equipment and materials on credit to compensate for the loss of trade with Yugoslavia.
• Pravda accused the West of sending intelligence agents to Mount Ararat near the Turkish-Soviet border posing as archaeologists hunting for Noah's Ark.

  [April 13], 1949 (Wednesday)

• The Olympia earthquake centered between Olympia and Tacoma, Washington killed 8 people and did $25 million damage.
• Israel signed a ceasefire with Syria, the last opposing Arab state in Palestine.
• The Minneapolis Lakers beat the Washington Capitols 77–56 to win the 3rd Basketball Association of America Finals, four games to two.
• Born: Christopher Hitchens, writer, journalist and social critic, in Portsmouth, England
• Died: Bernardo Ortiz de Montellano, 50, Mexican poet, literary critic and editor

  [April 14], 1949 (Thursday)

• The Ministries Trial ended in Nuremberg fifteen months after it began, making it the longest of the subsequent Nuremberg Trials and the last one to end. Two defendants were acquitted but the other nineteen were found guilty of at least one charge and given prison sentences ranging from three years including time served to 25 years' imprisonment.
• By a vote of 43–6, the UN General Assembly approved a resolution asking the Big Five powers not to use their veto in cases involving requests for UN membership, peaceful settlement of international disputes or appointment of inquiry commissions.
• Born: John Shea, actor, producer and director, in North Conway, New Hampshire
• Died: Reginald Hine, 65, English solicitor and historian

  [April 15], 1949 (Friday)

• On Good Friday, Pope Pius XII issued the encyclical Redemptoris nostri cruciatus focusing on the war in Palestine.
• Born: Alla Pugacheva, singer, in Moscow, USSR; Aleksandra Ziółkowska-Boehm, writer and academic, in Łódź, Poland
• Died: Wallace Beery, 64, American film actor

  [April 16], 1949 (Saturday)

• US and British planes flew a record total of 12,941 tons of supplies into Berlin in a 24-hour period.
• Czechoslovakia and Hungary signed a treaty of friendship and mutual military aid in Budapest to complete a web of twenty-one such treaties among the Eastern Bloc countries.
• The Toronto Maple Leafs defeated the Detroit Red Wings 3–1 to win the Stanley Cup of hockey in a four-game sweep. It was the Leafs' third consecutive Stanley Cup and the eighth in franchise history.
• The musical comedy film My Dream Is Yours starring Jack Carson, Doris Day, and Lee Bowman was released.
• Born: Sandy Hawley, jockey, in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada
• Died: Archie Mitchell, 63, English footballer and manager

  [April 17], 1949 (Sunday)

• The Chinese Communists gave the Nationalist government until April 20 to sign surrender terms. The consequences of refusal were not stated, but it was obviously a threat to invade southern China.

  [April 18], 1949 (Monday)

• Éire formally became the Republic of Ireland as the Republic of Ireland Act took effect, cutting the last link with the United Kingdom.
• Born: Geoff Bodine, motor-sport driver, in Chemung, New York; Bengt Holmström, economist, in Helsinki, Finland
• Died: Will Hay, 60, English comedian and actor

  [April 19], 1949 (Tuesday)

• The Nationalist Chinese government turned down the Chinese peace ultimatum as tantamount to unconditional surrender, but asked for a ceasefire and further negotiations.
• US President Harry S. Truman signed a bill extending the Marshall Plan for another 15 months.
• New York Governor Thomas E. Dewey vetoed a controversial bill designed to outlaw the sale of comic books with objectionable content, saying the language of the legislation was overly vague and sweeping to the point of being unenforceable.
• Gösta Leandersson won the 53rd Boston Marathon.
• During pregame ceremonies at the New York Yankees season opener against the Washington Senators, a plaque for the late Babe Ruth was unveiled alongside the other center field monuments.
• Born: Sergey Volkov, figure skater, in Moscow, USSR
• Died: Guillermo Buitrago, 29, Colombian composer and songwriter; Ulrich Salchow, 71, Swedish figure skater