Aconitate decarboxylase
The enzyme aconitate decarboxylase is a protein enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene located at position 22.3 on the long arm of chromosome 13. ACOD1 catalyzes the following reversible decarboxylation chemical reaction:
Hence, ACOD1 converts cis-aconitate into two products, itaconate and CO2 or itaconate and CO2 into one product, aconitate.
ACOD1 belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase. Other names once in common use for this enzyme class include CAD and cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase. ACOD1 participates in c5-branched dibasic acid metabolism.
Ustilago maydis converts cis-aconitate to its thermodynamically favored product, trans-aconitate, by the enzyme aconitate delta-isomerase. The trans-aconitate product is decarboxylated to itaconate by trans-aconitate decarboxylase. This Adi followed by Tad 1 enzymatic metabolic pathway is:
Trans-aconitate decarboxylase does not metabolize cis-aconitate to itaconate.