AMOLED
AMOLED is a type of OLED display device technology. OLED describes a specific type of thin-film-display technology in which organic compounds form the electroluminescent material, and active matrix refers to the technology behind the addressing of pixels.
Since 2007, AMOLED displays have been used in mobile phones, media players, TVs, and digital cameras. The current progress for this technology is towards lower power usage, lower cost, and higher screen resolutions.
Design
An AMOLED display consists of an active matrix of OLED pixels generating light upon electrical activation that have been deposited or integrated onto a thin-film transistor array, which functions as a series of switches to control the current flowing to each individual pixel.Typically, this continuous current flow is controlled by at least two TFTs at each pixel, with one TFT to start and stop the charging of a storage capacitor and the second to provide a voltage source at the level needed to create a constant current to the pixel, thereby eliminating the need for the very high currents required for passive-matrix OLED operation.
TFT backplane technology is crucial in the fabrication of AMOLED displays. In AMOLEDs, the two primary TFT backplane technologies, polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon, are currently used offering the potential for directly fabricating the active-matrix backplanes at low temperatures onto flexible plastic substrates for producing flexible AMOLED displays.
History
AMOLED display research was initiated by Steven Van Slyke and Ching Wan Tang, who pioneered the organic light-emitting diode technology at Eastman Kodak Co. in 1979. The first AMOLED displays were introduced in the early 2000s, with Samsung being the first company to commercialize AMOLED displays. One of the earliest consumer electronics products with an AMOLED display was the mobile handset, BenQ-Siemens S88. In 2007, the iriver Clix 2 portable media player. In 2008 it appeared on the Nokia N85 followed by the Samsung i7110 - both Nokia and Samsung Electronics were early adopters of this technology on their smartphones.File:Nexus one screen microscope.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|Magnified image of the AMOLED screen on the Nexus One smartphone using the RGBG system of the PenTile matrix family
Future development
have developed in-cell touch panels, integrating the production of capacitive sensor arrays in the AMOLED module fabrication process. Researchers at DuPont used computational fluid dynamics software to optimize coating processes for a new solution-coated AMOLED display technology that is competitive in cost and performance with existing chemical vapor deposition technology. Using custom modeling and analytic approaches, Samsung has developed short and long-range film-thickness control and uniformity that is commercially viable at large glass sizes.Comparison to other display technologies
AMOLED displays are proved to be better at providing higher refresh rates than those of passive-matrix, often have response times less than a millisecond, and they consume significantly less power. This advantage makes active-matrix OLEDs well-suited for portable electronics due to its high productivity for everyday use. AMOLED also stands higher in the field of less power consumer than OLED, because "each pixel have their own light and can be controlled leading to better power control and amplification", where power consumption is critical to battery life.The amount of power the display consumes varies significantly depending on the color and brightness shown. As an example, one old OLED display consumes 0.3 watts while showing white text on a black background, but more than 0.7 watts showing black text on a white background, while an LCD may consume only a constant 0.35 watts regardless of what is being shown on screen. A new FHD+ or WQHD+ display will consume much more. Because the black pixels turn completely off, AMOLED also has contrast ratios that are significantly higher than LCDs.AMOLED displays are often difficult to see in direct sunlight compared with LCDs because of their reduced maximum brightness. Super AMOLED, a modern technology, addresses this issue by reducing the size of gaps between layers of the screen. Additionally, PenTile technology is often used for a higher resolution display while requiring fewer subpixels than needed otherwise, sometimes resulting in a display less sharp and more grainy than a non-PenTile display with the same resolution. The organic materials used in AMOLED displays are very prone to degradation over a relatively short period of time, resulting in color shifts as one color fades faster than another, image persistence, or burn-in.
Super AMOLED
Super AMOLED is a marketing term created by Samsung for an AMOLED display where the touch screen digitizer, the layer that detects touch, is integrated into the display and cannot be separated from the display itself, rather than being overlaid on top of it. When compared with a regular LCD display, a regular AMOLED display consumes less power, provides more vivid picture quality, and renders faster motion response. However, Super AMOLED is even better at this with 20% brighter screen, 20% lower power consumption and 80% less sunlight reflection. According to Samsung, Super AMOLED reflects one-fifth as much sunlight as the first generation AMOLED. The generic term for this technology is One Glass Solution, a touchscreen technology that combines the touch sensor and cover glass into a single layer, reducing overall thickness and improving optical clarity. This is achieved by coating and etching the ITO layer directly onto the cover glass, eliminating the need for a separate sensor glass and an air gap.Super AMOLED displays, while known for their vivid colors and deep blacks, also have some drawbacks, including higher manufacturing costs, potential for screen burn-in, and shorter lifespan compared to some other technologies.
Devices with AMOLED and Super AMOLED
Below is a mapping table of marketing terms versus resolutions and sub-pixel types. Note how the pixel density relates to choices of sub-pixel type.| Term | Reso- lution | Size | PPI | Color depth | Pixel layout | Used in |
| AMOLED | 320×240 | 2.2 | 182 | iriver clix 2 | ||
| AMOLED | 320×240 | 2.6 | 154 | RGBG PenTile | Nokia N85 | |
| AMOLED Capacitive Touchscreen | 640×360 | 3.2 | 229 | RGBG PenTile | Nokia C6-01 | |
| Super AMOLED | 640×360 | 3.5 | 210 | RGB S-Stripe | Nokia N8 | |
| Super AMOLED | 640×360 | 4.0 | 184 | RGB S-Stripe | Nokia 808 PureView | |
| Super AMOLED | 720×720 | 3.1 | 328 | RGB S-Stripe | BlackBerry Q10 | |
| Super AMOLED | 854×480 | 3.9 | 251 | RGBG PenTile | Nokia N9 | |
| Super AMOLED | 800×480 | 4.0 | 233 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy S | |
| Super AMOLED | 960×540 | 4.3 | 256 | RGB S-Stripe | Samsung Galaxy S4 Mini | |
| Super AMOLED | 1280×768 | 4.5 | 332 | RGBG PenTile | Nokia Lumia 1020 | |
| Super AMOLED Plus | 800×480 | 4.3 | 218 | RGB stripe | Samsung Galaxy S II | |
| Super AMOLED Advanced | 960×540 | 4.3 | 256 | RGBG PenTile | Motorola Droid RAZR | |
| HD Super AMOLED | 1280×800 | 5.3 | 285 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy Note | |
| HD Super AMOLED | 1280×720 | 5.0 | 295 | RGB S-Stripe | BlackBerry Z30 Samsung Galaxy J7 Samsung Galaxy J5 Samsung Galaxy E5 Samsung Galaxy J3 | |
| HD Super AMOLED | 1280×720 | 4.7 | 316 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy Nexus | |
| HD Super AMOLED | 1280×720 | 4.7 | 316 | RGB S-Stripe | Moto X | |
| HD Super AMOLED | 1280×720 | 4.8 | 306 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy S III | |
| HD Super AMOLED | 1280×720 | 5.6 | 267 | RGB S-Stripe | Samsung Galaxy Note II | |
| HD Super AMOLED | 1280×720 | 5.6 | 267 | RGB S-Stripe | Samsung Galaxy Note 3 Neo | |
| HD Super AMOLED Plus | 1280×800 | 7.7 | 197 | RGB stripe | Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7 | |
| Full HD Super AMOLED | 1920×1080 | 5.5 | 400 | RGBG PenTile | Meizu MX5 | |
| Full HD Super AMOLED | 1920×1080 | 5.0 | 441 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy S4 | |
| Full HD Super AMOLED | 1920×1080 | 5.0 | 441 | RGBG PenTile | OnePlus X | |
| Full HD Super AMOLED | 1920×1080 | 5.0 | 441 | RGBG PenTile | Google Pixel | |
| Full HD Super AMOLED | 1920×1080 | 5.2 | 423 | RGBG PenTile | Motorola Moto X | |
| Full HD Super AMOLED | 1920×1080 | 5.1 | 432 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy S5 | |
| Full HD Super AMOLED | 1920×1080 | 5.5 | 401 | RGBG PenTile | OnePlus 3 OnePlus 3T OnePlus 5 | |
| Full HD Super AMOLED | 1920×1080 | 5.7 | 388 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy Note 3 | |
| Full HD+ Super AMOLED | 2160×1080 | 6.0 | 402 | RGBG PenTile | Google Pixel 3 | |
| Full HD+ Super AMOLED | 2160×1080 | 6.0 | 402 | RGBG PenTile | Huawei Mate 10 Pro | |
| Full HD+ Super AMOLED | 2220x1080 | 6.01 | 411 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy A8+ | |
| Full HD+ Super AMOLED | 2220x1080 | 5.61 | 441 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy A8 | |
| Super Retina HD | 2436×1125 | 5.8 | 458 | RGBG PenTile | Apple iPhone X iPhone XS iPhone 11 Pro | |
| Super Retina HD | 2688×1242 | 6.5 | 458 | RGBG PenTile | iPhone XS Max iPhone 11 Pro Max | |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2560×1440 | 5.1 | 577 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy S6 Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge Samsung Galaxy S6 Active Samsung Galaxy S7 Samsung Galaxy S7 Active | |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2560×1440 | 5.2 | 564 | RGBG PenTile | Microsoft Lumia 950 | |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2560×1440 | 5.2 | 565 | RGBG PenTile | Motorola Droid Turbo | |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2560×1440 | 5.4 | 540 | RGBG PenTile | BlackBerry Priv | |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2560×1440 | 5.5 | 534 | RGBG PenTile | BlackBerry DTEK60 Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge Google Pixel XL Alcatel Idol 4S vodafone smart platinum 7 Moto Z Moto Z Force ZTE Axon 7 | |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2560×1440 | 5.7 | 515 | 8 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy Note 4 Samsung Galaxy Note 5 Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge+ Nexus 6P Samsung Galaxy Note 7 |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2560×1440 | 5.7 | 518 | 8 | RGBG PenTile | Microsoft Lumia 950 XL |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2960×1440 | 5.8 | 571 | 8 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy S8 Samsung Galaxy S9 |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2960×1440 | 6.2 | 529 | 8 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy S8+ Samsung Galaxy S9+ |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2960×1440 | 6.3 | 521 | 8 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy Note 8 |
| WQHD Super AMOLED | 2960×1440 | 6.4 | 514 | 8 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy Note 9 |
| WQXGA Super AMOLED | 2560×1600 | 8.4 | 359 | 8 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy Tab S 8.4 |
| WQXGA Super AMOLED | 2560×1600 | 10.5 | 287 | 8 | RGB S-Stripe | Samsung Galaxy Tab S 10.5 |
| 3K AMOLED | 2880×1600 | 3.5 | 615 | 8 | HTC Vive Focus Plus | |
| Dynamic AMOLED | 2280x1080 3040x1440 2280x1080 3040x1440 3040x1440 | 5.8 6.1 6.3 6.4 6.8 | 438 550 401 522 498 | 8 | Samsung Galaxy S10e Samsung Galaxy S10 Samsung Galaxy Note 10 Samsung Galaxy S10+ Samsung Galaxy Note 10+ Samsung Galaxy Fold Samsung Galaxy Z Flip | |
| Dynamic AMOLED 2X | 2208×1768 2400x1080 3200x1440 | 7.6 6.1 6.4 6.7 6.8 6.9 | 373 386 563 525 511 421 394 515 411 374 389 | 8 | RGBG PenTile | Samsung Galaxy S20 Samsung Galaxy S20+ Samsung Galaxy S20 Ultra Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 2 Samsung Galaxy S21 Samsung Galaxy S21+ Samsung Galaxy S21 Ultra Samsung Galaxy S21 FE Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 3 Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3 Samsung Galaxy S22 Samsung Galaxy S22+ Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 4 Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 4 Samsung Galaxy S23 Samsung Galaxy S23+ Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra Samsung Galaxy Z Fold 5 Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 5 Samsung Galaxy S24 Samsung Galaxy S24+ Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra Samsung Galaxy S25 Samsung Galaxy S25+ Samsung Galaxy S25 Ultra |
| Fluid AMOLED | 3120x1440 | 6.67 | 516 | 8 | OnePlus 7 Pro |