2020 United States House of Representatives elections


The 2020 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 3, 2020, to elect representatives from all 435 congressional districts across each of the 50 U.S. states to the 117th United States Congress, as well as six non-voting delegates from the District of Columbia and the inhabited U.S. territories. Special House elections were also held on various dates throughout 2020.
In the 2018 United States House of Representatives elections, the Democrats had won 235 seats. Leading up to the 2020 elections, the Democrats were projected by many polls to expand their majority by up to 15 seats due to the unpopularity of then-President Donald Trump. While Democrats ultimately retained control of the House following the 2020 elections, Republicans made a net gain of 14 seats to the surprise of most observers and the Democrats entered 2021 with a narrow 222–213 House majority. This was the first time since 2004 that the Republican Party made net gains in the House during a presidential election year. This led to Democrats' smallest majority since 1942. As of 2024, this remains the last time that the Democrats have won a majority in the United States House of Representatives.
Republicans exceeded expectations in the 2020 House elections. They won back a number of seats that they lost in 2018 while successfully defending competitive seats that Democrats had hoped to flip. No Republican incumbent was defeated for re-election, while 13 incumbent Democrats were ousted by Republicans; also, several successful Democratic candidates won by smaller-than-expected margins. Many have cited Trump's presence on the ballot as having fueled high Republican turnout, while others have emphasized the Republican Party's efforts to promote their female and minority candidates.
This constitutes the 11th election since the Civil War in which the victorious presidential party lost seats in the House, after the elections of 1868, 1884, 1892, 1896, 1908, 1960, 1988, 1992, 2000, and 2016.

Electoral system

Forty-seven states used the first-past-the-post voting plurality system to elect their representatives. Instant-runoff voting was used in one state and a runoff system was used in two states.

Results summary

Federal

The 2020 election results are compared below to the November 2018 election, in which only 434 seats were filled. The results summary below does not include blank and over/under votes which were included in the official results.

Retirements

36 incumbents did not seek re-election, either to retire or to seek other positions.

Democrats

Nine Democrats did not seek re-election.
  1. : Susan Davis retired.
  2. : Tulsi Gabbard retired to run for U.S. president.
  3. : Pete Visclosky retired.
  4. : Dave Loebsack retired.
  5. : Joe Kennedy III retired to run for U.S. senator.
  6. : Ben Ray Luján retired to run for U.S. senator.
  7. : José Serrano retired.
  8. : Nita Lowey retired.
  9. : Denny Heck retired to run for lieutenant governor of Washington.

Libertarians

One Libertarian did not seek re-election.
  1. : Justin Amash retired.

Republicans

26 Republicans did not seek re-election.
  1. : Bradley Byrne retired to run for U.S. senator.
  2. : Martha Roby retired.
  3. : Paul Cook retired to run for San Bernardino County supervisor.
  4. : Ted Yoho retired.
  5. : Francis Rooney retired.
  6. : Rob Woodall retired.
  7. : Doug Collins retired to run for U.S. senator.
  8. : John Shimkus retired.
  9. : Susan Brooks retired.
  10. : Roger Marshall retired to run for U.S. senator.
  11. : Ralph Abraham retired.
  12. : Paul Mitchell retired.
  13. : Greg Gianforte retired to run for governor of Montana.
  14. : Peter T. King retired.
  15. : George Holding retired due to court ordered redistricting.
  16. : Mark Walker retired due to court ordered redistricting.
  17. : Greg Walden retired.
  18. : Phil Roe retired.
  19. : Mike Conaway retired.
  20. : Mac Thornberry retired.
  21. : Bill Flores retired.
  22. : Pete Olson retired.
  23. : Will Hurd retired.
  24. : Kenny Marchant retired.
  25. : Rob Bishop retired to run for lieutenant governor of Utah.
  26. : Jim Sensenbrenner retired.

Resignations

Four incumbents resigned in 2020, all of them Republicans, with no special elections to fill the vacant seats before the November election.

Republicans

  1. : Duncan Hunter resigned January 13 after pleading guilty to one count of misusing campaign funds. Seat won by Republican Darrell Issa.
  2. : Tom Graves resigned October 4; he had initially planned to retire at the end of the term. Seat won by Republican Marjorie Taylor Greene.
  3. : Mark Meadows resigned March 30 to become White House Chief of Staff. Seat won by Republican Madison Cawthorn.
  4. : John Ratcliffe resigned May 22 to become Director of National Intelligence. Seat won by Republican Pat Fallon.

Incumbents defeated

In primary elections

Eight incumbents lost renomination in 2020, the most in a non-redistricting year since 1974.

Democrats

Three Democrats lost renomination.
  1. : Dan Lipinski lost renomination to Marie Newman, who went on to win the general election.
  2. : Lacy Clay lost renomination to Cori Bush, who went on to win the general election.
  3. : Eliot Engel lost renomination to Jamaal Bowman, who went on to win the general election.

Republicans

Five Republicans lost renomination.
  1. : Scott Tipton lost renomination to Lauren Boebert, who won the general election.
  2. : Ross Spano lost renomination to Scott Franklin, who won the general election.
  3. : Steve King lost renomination to Randy Feenstra, who won the general election.
  4. : Steve Watkins lost renomination to Jake LaTurner, who won the general election.
  5. : Denver Riggleman lost renomination in a district convention to Bob Good, who won the general election.

In general elections

Democrats

Thirteen Democrats, twelve of whom were freshmen, lost re-election to Republicans.
  1. : TJ Cox lost to David Valadao.
  2. : Gil Cisneros lost to Young Kim.
  3. : Harley Rouda lost to Michelle Steel.
  4. : Debbie Mucarsel-Powell lost to Carlos Giménez.
  5. : Donna Shalala lost to Maria Elvira Salazar.
  6. : Abby Finkenauer lost to Ashley Hinson.
  7. : Collin Peterson lost to Michelle Fischbach.
  8. : Xochitl Torres Small lost to Yvette Herrell.
  9. : Max Rose lost to Nicole Malliotakis.
  10. : Anthony Brindisi lost to Claudia Tenney.
  11. : Kendra Horn lost to Stephanie Bice.
  12. : Joe Cunningham lost to Nancy Mace.
  13. : Ben McAdams lost to Burgess Owens.

Republicans

No Republicans lost re-election.

Open seats that changed parties

Democratic seats won by Republicans

One Democratic seat was won by a Republican.
  1. : Won by Mariannette Miller-Meeks.

Libertarian seats won by Republicans

One Libertarian seat was won by a Republican.
  1. : Won by Peter Meijer.

Republican seats won by Democrats

Three Republican seats were won by Democrats.
  1. : Won by Carolyn Bourdeaux.
  2. : Won by Deborah K. Ross.
  3. : Won by Kathy Manning.

Open seats that parties held

Democratic seats held by Democrats

Democrats held twelve of their open seats.
  1. : Won by Sara Jacobs
  2. : Won by Nikema Williams
  3. : Won by Kai Kahele
  4. : Won by Marie Newman
  5. : Won by Frank J. Mrvan
  6. : Won by Jake Auchincloss
  7. : Won by Cori Bush
  8. : Won by Teresa Leger Fernandez
  9. : Won by Ritchie Torres
  10. : Won by Jamaal Bowman
  11. : Won by Mondaire Jones
  12. : Won by Marilyn Strickland

Republican seats held by Republicans

Republicans held thirty-two of their open seats.
  1. : Won by Jerry Carl
  2. : Won by Barry Moore
  3. : Won by Jay Obernolte
  4. : Won by Darrell Issa
  5. : Won by Lauren Boebert
  6. : Won by Kat Cammack
  7. : Won by Scott Franklin
  8. : Won by Byron Donalds
  9. : Won by Andrew Clyde
  10. : Won by Marjorie Taylor Greene
  11. : Won by Mary Miller
  12. : Won by Victoria Spartz
  13. : Won by Randy Feenstra
  14. : Won by Tracey Mann
  15. : Won by Jake LaTurner
  16. : Won by Luke Letlow
  17. : Won by Lisa McClain
  18. : Won by Matt Rosendale
  19. : Won by Andrew Garbarino
  20. : Won by Madison Cawthorn
  21. : Won by Cliff Bentz
  22. : Won by Diana Harshbarger
  23. : Won by Pat Fallon
  24. : Won by August Pfluger
  25. : Won by Ronny Jackson
  26. : Won by Pete Sessions
  27. : Won by Troy Nehls
  28. : Won by Tony Gonzales
  29. : Won by Beth Van Duyne
  30. : Won by Blake Moore
  31. : Won by Bob Good
  32. : Won by Scott L. Fitzgerald

Crossover seats

This is a list of congressional seats that voted for one party in the 2020 presidential election and another in the 2020 House elections.

Democratic

Seven districts were won by Donald Trump in the presidential election and Democrats in the House elections:

Republican

Nine districts were won by Joe Biden in the presidential election and Republicans in the House elections:

Closest races

Seventy-seven races were decided by 10% or lower.
DistrictWinnerMargin
data-sort-value=2 0.002%
data-sort-value=2 0.03%
data-sort-value=1 0.10%
data-sort-value=2 0.90%
data-sort-value=2 1.00%
data-sort-value=2 1.20%
data-sort-value=-1 1.22%
data-sort-value=2 1.27%
data-sort-value=1 1.33%
data-sort-value=-1 1.34%
data-sort-value=-1 1.39%
data-sort-value=-1 1.82%
data-sort-value=2 2.12%
data-sort-value=-1 2.26%
data-sort-value=-1 2.30%
data-sort-value=-1 2.38%
data-sort-value=2 2.60%
data-sort-value=-1 2.66%
data-sort-value=2 2.74%
data-sort-value=-2 2.78%
data-sort-value=-1 2.88%
data-sort-value=-1 2.98%
data-sort-value=1 3.07%
data-sort-value=-1 3.22%
data-sort-value=-1 3.34%
data-sort-value=2 3.45%
data-sort-value=-1 3.55%
data-sort-value=-1 3.57%
data-sort-value=-1 3.60%
data-sort-value=-1 3.73%
data-sort-value=1 3.96%
data-sort-value=-1 4.05%
data-sort-value=1 4.08%
data-sort-value=2 4.12%
data-sort-value=1 4.35%
data-sort-value=1 4.56%
data-sort-value=-1 4.87%
data-sort-value=-1 5.11%
data-sort-value=-1 5.13%
data-sort-value=-1 5.32%
data-sort-value=-1 5.74%
data-sort-value=-1 5.76%
data-sort-value=-1 5.92%
data-sort-value=-1 5.96%
data-sort-value=-1 6.02%
data-sort-value=-1 6.08%
data-sort-value=-1 6.09%
data-sort-value=-1 6.17%
data-sort-value=-1 6.26%
data-sort-value=-1 6.28%
data-sort-value=-1 6.37%
data-sort-value=-1 6.56%
data-sort-value=-1 6.60%
data-sort-value=-1 6.61%
data-sort-value=-1 6.62%
data-sort-value=-1 6.74%
data-sort-value=-1 6.91%
data-sort-value=-1 6.92%
data-sort-value=-1 6.93%
data-sort-value=-1 7.13%
data-sort-value=-1 7.15%
data-sort-value=-1 7.31%
data-sort-value=-1 7.39%
data-sort-value=-1 7.51%
data-sort-value=-1 7.54%
data-sort-value=-1 7.76%
data-sort-value=-1 7.90%
data-sort-value=-1 8.36%
data-sort-value=-1 8.46%
data-sort-value=-1 8.82%
data-sort-value=-1 8.92%
data-sort-value=-1 9.01%
data-sort-value=-1 9.14%
data-sort-value=-1 9.14%
data-sort-value=-1 9.18%
data-sort-value=-1 9.34%
data-sort-value=-1 9.72%

Special elections

There were five special elections in 2020 to the 116th United States Congress, listed here by date and district.
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Election dates

These are the election dates for the regularly scheduled general elections.
State or territoryFiling deadlinePrimary electionPrimary run-off General electionPoll closing
AlabamaNovember 8, 2019March 3, 2020July 14, 2020November 3, 20208:00pm
AlaskaJune 1, 2020August 18, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20201:00am
ArizonaApril 6, 2020August 4, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20209:00pm
ArkansasNovember 12, 2019March 3, 2020Not necessaryNovember 3, 20208:30pm
CaliforniaDecember 6, 2019March 3, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202011:00pm
ColoradoMarch 17, 2020June 30, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20209:00pm
ConnecticutJune 9, 2020August 11, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
DelawareJuly 14, 2020September 15, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
FloridaApril 24, 2020August 18, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20207:00pm
GeorgiaMarch 6, 2020June 9, 2020August 11, 2020November 3, 20207:00pm
HawaiiJune 2, 2020August 8, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202011:00pm
IdahoMarch 13, 2020June 2, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202010:00pm
IllinoisDecember 2, 2019March 17, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
IndianaFebruary 7, 2020June 2, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20206:00pm
IowaMarch 13, 2020June 2, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202010:00pm
KansasJune 1, 2020August 4, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20209:00pm
KentuckyJanuary 10, 2020June 23, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20207:00pm
LouisianaJuly 24, 2020November 3, 2020N/ADecember 5, 20209:00pm
MaineMarch 16, 2020July 14, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
MarylandJanuary 24, 2020June 2, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
MassachusettsMay 5, 2020September 1, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
MichiganMay 8, 2020August 4, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
MinnesotaJune 2, 2020August 11, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20209:00pm
MississippiJanuary 10, 2020March 10, 2020June 23, 2020November 3, 20208:00pm
MissouriMarch 31, 2020August 4, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
MontanaMarch 9, 2020June 2, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202010:00pm
NebraskaMarch 2, 2020May 12, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20209:00pm
NevadaMarch 13, 2020June 9, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202010:00pm
New HampshireJune 12, 2020September 8, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
New JerseyMarch 30, 2020July 7, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
New MexicoMarch 10, 2020June 2, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20209:00pm
New YorkApril 2, 2020June 23, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20209:00pm
North CarolinaDecember 20, 2019March 3, 2020June 23, 2020November 3, 20207:30pm
North DakotaApril 6, 2020June 9, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202010:00pm
OhioDecember 18, 2019April 28, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20207:30pm
OklahomaApril 10, 2020June 30, 2020August 25, 2020November 3, 20208:00pm
OregonMarch 10, 2020May 19, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202010:00pm
PennsylvaniaFebruary 18, 2020June 2, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
Rhode IslandJune 24, 2020September 8, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
South CarolinaMarch 30, 2020June 9, 2020Not necessaryNovember 3, 20207:00pm
South DakotaMarch 31, 2020June 2, 2020Not necessaryNovember 3, 20208:00pm
TennesseeApril 2, 2020August 6, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
TexasDecember 9, 2019March 3, 2020July 14, 2020November 3, 20208:00pm
UtahMarch 19, 2020June 30, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202010:00pm
VermontMay 28, 2020August 11, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20207:00pm
[|Virginia]March 26, 2020June 23, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20207:00pm
WashingtonMay 15, 2020August 4, 2020N/ANovember 3, 202011:00pm
West VirginiaJanuary 25, 2020June 9, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20207:30pm
WisconsinJune 1, 2020August 11, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20209:00pm
WyomingMay 29, 2020August 18, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20209:00pm
District of ColumbiaMarch 21, 2020June 2, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20208:00pm
American SamoaSeptember 1, 2020N/AN/ANovember 3, 20203:00am
GuamJune 30, 2020November 3, 2020N/ANovember 17, 20205:00am
Northern Mariana IslandsAugust 5, 2020N/AN/ANovember 3, 20205:00am
Puerto RicoJanuary 5, 2020August 16, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20204:00pm
U.S. Virgin IslandsMay 12, 2020August 1, 2020N/ANovember 3, 20206:00pm

Alabama

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Alaska

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Arizona

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Arkansas

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California

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Colorado

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Connecticut

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Delaware

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Florida

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Georgia

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Hawaii

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Idaho

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Illinois

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Indiana

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Iowa

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Kansas

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Kentucky

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Louisiana

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Maine

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Maryland

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Massachusetts

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Michigan

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Minnesota

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Mississippi

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Missouri

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Montana

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Nebraska

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New York

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North Carolina

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Ohio

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Oklahoma

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Oregon

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Pennsylvania

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Rhode Island

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South Carolina

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South Dakota

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Tennessee

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Texas

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Utah

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Vermont

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Virginia

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Washington

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Non-voting delegates

American Samoa

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District of Columbia

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Guam

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Northern Mariana Islands

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Puerto Rico

The Resident Commissioner of Puerto Rico is the only member of the United States House of Representatives who is elected for a four-year term.
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United States Virgin Islands

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